TPO（1-31）听力原文文本修订版.doc

TPO116Conversation 116TPO 1 Lecture 1 Contemporary art17TPO 1 Lecture2 Geology18TPO 1 Conversation 220TPO 1 Lecture 3 Archeology21TPO 1 Lecture 4 Biology22TPO224Conversation 124TPO2 Lecture 1 Psychology25TPO2 Lecture 2 Botany26TPO 2 Conversation 227TPO2 Lecture 3 Philosophy29TPO 2 Lecture 4 Astronomy31TPO 332Conversation 132TPO 3 Lecture 1 Environmental science34TPO 3 Lecture 2 Film history35TPO 3 Conversation 237TPO 3 Lecture 3 Art History38TPO 3 Lecture 4 Astronomy39TPO 441Conversation 141TPO 4 Lecture 1 Biology42TPO 4 Lecture 2 Literature44TPO 4 Conversation 245TPO 4 Lecture 3 Geology47TPO 4 Lecture 4 United States government48TPO-549Conversation 150TPO 5 Lecture 1 Sociology52TPO 5 Lecture 2 Astronomy53TPO 5 Conversation 254TPO 5 Lecture 3 Chemistry56TPO 5 Lecture 4 Literature57TPO 659Conversation159TPO 6 Lecture 1 Economics60TPO 6 Lecture 2 Biology62TPO 6 Conversation 263TPO 6 Lecture 3 Creative Writing65TPO 6 Lecture 4 Earth Science66TPO 767Conversation 168TPO 7 Lecture 1 Theater History69TPO 7 Lecture 2 Biology70TPO 7 Conversation71TPO 7 Lecture 3 Anthropology73TPO 7 Lecture 4 Geology74TPO 875Conversation 175TPO 8 Lecture 1 Animal Behavior76TPO 8 Lecture 2 Art History77TPO 8 Conversation 278TPO 8 Lecture 3 History80TPO8 Lecture 4 Chemistry81TPO 982Conversation 182TPO 9 Lecture 1 Theater83TPO 9 Lecture 2 Environmental Science84TPO 9 Conversation 285TPO 9 Lecture 3 Geology87TPO 9 Lecture 4 Linguistic88TPO 1089Conversation 189TPO 10 Lecture 1 Marine Biology90TPO10 Lecture 2 European History91TPO10 Conversation 293TPO10 Lecture 3 Ecology95TPO10 Lecture 4 Psychology96TPO 1197Conversation 198TPO11 Lecture 1 Biology100TPO11 Lecture 2 Architecture101TPO 11 Conversation2103TPO11 Lecture 3 Environmental science105TPO11 Lecture 4 Business107TPO 12108Conversation 1108TPO12 Lecture 1 Biology109TPO12 Lecture 2 Business111TPO 12 Conversation 2112TPO 12 Lecture 3 Music history114TPO12 Lecture 4 Environmental science115TPO 13117Conversation 1117TPO 13 Lecture 1 City planning119TPO 13 Lecture 2 Ecology120TPO 13 Conversation 2122TPO 13 Lecture 3 Poetry124TPO 13 Lecture 4 Astronomy125TPO 14127Conversation 1127TPO 14 Lecture 1 Psychology128TPO 14 Lecture 2 Biology129TPO 14 Conversation 2131TPO 14 Lecture 3 Astronomy133TPO 14 Lecture 4 Archeology134TPO 15135Conversation 1135TPO 15 Lecture 1 Psychology137TPO 15 Lecture 2 Geology138TPO 15 Conversation 2139TPO 15 Lecture 3 Art History141TPO 15 Lecture 4 Biology142TPO 16144Conversation1144TPO 16 Script Lecture 1146TPO 16 Script Lecture 2147TPO 16 Script Conversation 2149TPO 16 Script Lecture 3151TPO 16 Script Lecture 4152TPO 17153Conversation 1153TPO 17 Lecture 1 Art History(Prehistoric Art Dating)156TPO 17 Lecture 2 Environmental Science(Milankovitch Hypothesis)158TPO 17 Conversation 2160TPO 17 Lecture 3 History(Ancient Egyptian Calendar)162TPO 17 Lecture 4 Biology(Octopus)164TPO-18166Conversation 1166TPO 18 Lecture 1 Astronomy166TPO 18 Lecture 2 Art History168TPO 18 Conversation 2170TPO 18 Lecture 3 European History170TPO 18 Lecture 4 Biology172TPO 19174Conversation 1174TPO 19 Lecture 1 Linguistics(Proto-Indo-European)176TPO 19 Lecture 2 Astronomy(Radio Astronomy & Optical Astronomy)177TPO 19 Conversation 2179TPO 19 Lecture 3 Marine Biology(Plant Life in Salt Marshes)181TPO 19 Lecture 4 Art History(Cecilia Beaux)183TPO20184Section1 Conversation1-Student&Librarian184TPO20 Lecture1-Linguistics(Gricean Maxims)186TPO20 Lecture2-Environmental Science(Interglacial Periods)187TPO20 Section2 Conversation2-Student&Professor189TPO20 Lecture3-Literature(Folktales)190TPO20 Lecture4-Biology(Snowshoe Hare)192TPO-21194Conversation1194TPO 21 Lecture 1 Astronomy(Geocentric&Heliocentric theory)196TPO21 Lecture 2 Computer Science(Software Development)198TPO21 Conversation 2200TPO21 Lecture3 Biology(Snake Evolution)202TPO21 Lecture 4 Art History(Alice Neel)204TPO 22205Conversation 1 (Faculty Advisor)205TPO22 Lecture 1 (Anthropology)206TPO22 Lecture 2 (Astronomy)207TPO22 Conversation 2 (Professor)209TPO22 Lecture 3 (Zoology)210TPO22 Lecture 4 (Music History)212TPO 23213CONVERSATION 1213TPO23 Lecture l- Archaeology (Antikythera (Mechanism)214TPO23 Lecture2 - Environmental Science (Earth Budget)215TPO 23 Conversation 2216TPO23 Lecture3 Biology (Dolphins)216TPO23 Lecture4 Choreography (Screen Dance)217TPO 24219Conversation l Student & Clerk in the Bookstore219TPO 24 Lecture l-Biology (Crocodile Vocalization)220TPO 24 Lecture2-Art History (Modern Dance)221TPO 24 Conversation 2一Student & Geography Professor221TPO 24 Lecture3-Archaeology (Megafauna in North America)222TPO 24 Lecture4-Astronomy (Shield Volcanoes on Venus)223TPO 25224Conversation1224Lecture1-Conservation Biology Assisted Migration)226Lecture2-Music History (Bla Bartk)227Conversation2229Lecture3-History (Egyptian Hieroglyphs)231Lecture4-Animal Behavior232TPO 26234Conversation1235Lecture1- Advertising(Green Marketing)236Lecture2-Biology(Carbon Cycling)237Conversation2238Lecture3-Astronomy (Comets)239Lecture4-Art Conservation (Archimedes Palimpsest)241TPO 27242Conversation1-In the Library242Lecture1-Marine Biology (Coral Reefs)246Lecture2-History of Musical Instruments (Violins)248Conversation2-Hydroponics (Chinampas)251Lecture3-Zoology (Sauropods)253Lecture4-Studio Art (Primary Colors)255TPO 28256Conversation1256Lecture1-Philosophy258Lecture2-Animal Behavior260Conversation2262Lecture3-Botany264Lecture4-Archaeology266TPO 29267Conversation1267Lecture1-Ecology(Pedodiversity)270Lecture2-Architecture(Reverberation)272Conversation2274Lecture3-Archaeology(Clovis Culture)276Lecture4-Structural Engineering(Carbon Nanotubes)278TPO 30280Conversation1280Lecture1283Lecture2-Paleontology285Conversation2288Lecture3-Astronomy290Lecture4-Music History292TPO 31293Conversation1 (Community Planning in the Colonies)293Lecture1-Music (Ancient Greek Music & Plato)294Lecture2-Geology (Movement of Tectonic Plates)295Conversation2 (Credits for Internship)296Lecture3-Marine Biology (Coral Reefs & CoT starfish)298Lecture4-Anthropology (the Botai People & Horses)298纸质版TPO4300纸质版TPO4 conversation1 TRACK 62 TRANSCRIPT300纸质版TPO4 lecture1 TRACK 64 TRANSCRIPT301纸质版TPO4 lecture2 TRACK 65 TRANSCRIPT303纸质版TPO4 conversation 2 TRACK 68 TRANSCRIPT306纸质版TPO4 Lecture 3 TRACK 71 TRANSCRIPT308纸质版TPO4 Lecture4 TRACK 74 TRANSCRIPT311纸质版TPO5314纸质版TPO5 conversation 1TRACK 86 TRANSCRIPT314纸质版TPO5 Lecture1TRACK 88 TRANSCRIPT316纸质版TPO5 Lecture2 TRACK 89 TRANSCRIPT318纸质版TPO5 conversation2 TRACK 92 TRANSCRIPT320纸质版TPO5 Lecture3 TRACK 93 TRANSCRIPT322纸质版TPO5 Lecture 4 TRACK 95 TRANSCRIPT325TPO1 Conversation 1NarratorListen to part of a conversation between a student and a librarian.StudentHi, um, I really hope you can help me.LibrarianThats why Im here. What can I do for you?StudentIm supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but Im having a hard time finding articles. I dont even know where to start looking.LibrarianYou said this is for your psychology course, right? So your focus is on StudentDream Interpretation.LibrarianWell, you have a focus, so thats already a good start. Hmmm well, therere a few things oh wait have you checked to see if your professor put any materials for you to look at on reserve?StudentAha, thats one thing I did know to do. I just copied an article, but I still need three more on my topic from three different journals.LibrarianLets get you going on looking for those then. We have printed versions of twenty or so psychology journals in the Reference Section. These are ones published within the last year. Now that I think about it theres a journal named Sleep and Dreams.StudentOh, yeah, the article I just copied is from that journal, so Ive got to look at other sources.LibrarianOk, actually, most of our materials are available electronically now. You can access psychology databases or electronic journals and articles through the librarys computers, and if you want to search by title with the word dream for example, just type it in and all the articles with dream in the title will come up on the screen. StudentCool, thats great! Too bad I cannot do this from home.LibrarianBut you can. All of the librarys databases and electronic sources can be accessed through any computer connected to the university network.StudentReally?! I cant believe I didnt know that. It still sounds like its gonna take a while though, you know, going through all of that information, all of those sources.LibrarianMaybe, but you already narrowed your search down to articles on Dream Interpretation, so it shouldnt be too bad. And you probably notice that theres an abstract or summary at the top of the first page of the article you copied. When you go into the databases and electronic sources, you have the option to display the abstracts on the computer screen, skimming those to decide whether or not you want to read the whole article should cut down some time. StudentRight, abstracts! Theyll definitely make the project more doable. I guess I should try out the electronic search while Im still here then, you know, just in case.LibrarianSure, er that computers free over there, and Ill be here till five this afternoon.StudentThanks, I feel a lot better about this assignment now. TPO 1 Lecture 1 Contemporary artListen to part of a lecture in a contemporary art class.ProfessorOk, Im going to begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. Its already started in fact, but itll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment. The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. Frantzens work may be unfamiliar to you since shes a relatively young artist. But shes got a very unusual style, compared to some of the artists weve looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzens style is what she herself calls Realistic Impressionism. So youve probably studied both of these movements separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history courses. So who can just sum these up?StudentWell, Impressionism started in the late 19th century. Umthe basic impressionist style was very different from earlier styles. It didnt depict scenes or models exactly as they looked. Um Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes, so the texture of the canvas was rough.ProfessorGood. What else? What were the subjects?StudentWell, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, uh, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.ProfessorGood. So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting. Its a farm scene. And you will see it right as you enter the gallery. The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist aspect of Frantzens style. Its an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. Its kind of bleak, but you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines. The colors arent quite realistic. The sky is kind of, well an unnatural pinkish yellow. And the fence in the foreground is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak winter day on a farm. So thats the impressionist side of her work. Oh, and speaking about farms, that reminds me. One interesting thing I read about Franzten is that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the Sales Barn. And the Sales Barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason Frantzen went there, and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to observe people and the ways that they moved. She really found that this helped her work-that it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their postures were like, too. So, what about Realism? What are the elements of Realism we should be looking for in Frantzens work?StudentUm real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuff, and pretty everyday subject matter, too.ProfessorGood. One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You will notice that the womans face is so realistic-looking that its almost like a photograph. The womans nose is a little less than perfect and her hair is kind of messed up. This is realism. But then, the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes, and, its all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes and lines, kind of chaotic almost when you look at it close. And there are vibrant colors. Theres lots of orange, with little hints of an electric blue peeking out. I find Frantzen to be a very accessible artist. I mean, some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story. But heres a little bit about Rose Frantzens life anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of her instructors that she was not good at illustration, that she should go into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine arts classes too, until she was convinced by the head of an advertising agency that her work was really good, that she could be an artist. But of course, its not as easy as that, and so Frantzen had to paint other peoples portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work. No matter what, she never stopped painting. And now, Frantzen is doing extremely well. And her work is being shown all over the country. So I think most of us would be discouraged if we had to face challenges and difficulties like that. But whats important is that you keep at it that you dont give up. Thats what is really important to remember. TPO 1 Lecture2 GeologyListen to part of a lecture in a geology class.ProfessorOk, lets get started. Great. Today I want to talk about a way in which we are able to determine how old a piece of land, or some other geologic feature is - dating techniques. Im gonna talk about a particular dating technique. Why? Good dating is key to good analysis. In other words, if you want to know how a land formation was formed, the first thing you probably want to know is how old it is. Its fundamental. Uh Take the Grand Canyon for instance. Now, we geologists thought we had a pretty good idea of how the Grand Canyon in the southwestern United States was formed. We knew that it was formed from sandstone that solidified somewhere between 150 and 300 million years ago. Before it solidified, it was just regular sand. Essentially it was part of a vast desert. And until just recently, most of us thought the sand had come from an ancient mountain range fairly close by that flattened out over time. Thats been the conventional wisdom among geologists for quite some time. But now weve learned something different, and quite surprising, using a technique called Uranium-Lead Dating. I should say that Uranium-Lead Dating has been around for quite a while. But there have been some recent refinements. I will get into this in a minute. Anyway, Uranium-Lead Dating has produced some surprises. Two geologists discovered that about half of the sand from the Grand Canyon was actually once part of the Appalachian Mountains. Thats really eye-opening news, since the Appalachian Mountain Range is, of course, thousands of kilometers to the east of the Grand Canyon. Sounds pretty unbelievable, right? Of course, the obvious question is how did that sand end up so far west? The theory is that huge rivers and wind carried the sand west where it mixed in with the sand that was already there. Well, this was a pretty revolutionary finding. Um and it was basically because of Uranium-Lead Dating. Why? Well, as everyone in this class should know, we usually look at the grain type within sandstone, meaning the actual particles in the sandstone, to determine where it came from. You can do other things too, like look at the wind or water that brought the grains to their location and figure out which way it was flowing. But thats only useful up to a point, and thats not what these two geologists did. Uranium-Lead Dating allowed them to go about it in an entirely different way. What they did was: they looked at the grains of Zircon in the sandstone. Zircon is a material that contains radioactive Uranium, which makes it very useful for dating purposes. Zircon starts off as molten magma, the hot lava from volcanoes. This magma then crystallizes. And when Zircon crystallizes, the Uranium inside it begins to change into Lead. So if you measure the amount of Lead in the Zircon grain, you can figure out when the grain was formed. After that, you can determine the age of Zircon from different mountain ranges. Once you do that, you can compare the age of the Zircon in the sandstone in your sample to the age of the Zircon in the mountai