英语学习方法讲座1.ppt

英国文学 EnglishLiterature主讲教师 张伯香 Chapter1IntroductiontoRomanticism I HistoricalBackground 1 TheMonarchyKingGeorgeIIIHisantagonistpoliciestowardsthecolonieswasinpartresponsiblefortheAmericanRevolution KingGeorgeIVTookthethroneandheldituntilhisdeathin1830 KingWilliamIVThebrotherofGeorgeIVruled1830to1837 2 TheFrenchRevolution ThedemocraticideasoftheFrenchrevolutionNapoleonicWars NapoleonBonaparte 3 TheIndustrialRevolution SocialchangeswithintheIndustrialRevolutionProductionPopulationgrowthClassconflictLivingandworkingconditionsDiseasesProblemsofchildandwomenlabour TheSpinningJenny1760s SteamEngine JamesWatt 1777 Firstusedincoalindustry Textilemills late1800s Late19thcenturycoalmine CoalTransport 1825 ChangefromagriculturaltoindustrialsocietyNewtechnologyRiseofurbancentersofindustryCreationofimpoverishedworkingclassThenegativeeffectsofIndustrialization Childlabor PeterlooMassacre 1819 PressureforPoliticalandSocialReformHungerriotsMachinebreakinglaborunion smovementWomen smovementFirstReformBillof1832 II CulturalBackground 1 RomanticismReferstoaliterarymovementcharacterizedbyTheidealizationofnatureFreedomofthoughtandexpression poetrymostexaltedform Heavyrelianceontheimaginationandsubjectivity Romanticismvaluestheparticularinsight thevisionaryglimpseintoimaginativeunionwiththeuniverse theemotionalcertaintyandjoythatarisesfromafeelingofintimateassociationinaenvisionedpatternedorder Itdistrustsanysystematicknowledge anyinheritedsystemsofbelief anythingnotgeneratedbyone sownimagination Itrejectsanysenseofrationallimitstowhatthehumanimaginationmightknow Thepoweroftheimaginationispotentiallyinfinite Lessthanallcannotsatisfyman criedBlake 2 TheoriginofRomanticismliesinthephilosophyofJeanJacquesRousseau ImmanuelKantandWolfgangvonGoetheRousseauchampionedindividualismandfreedomofthought IfeltbeforeIthought ImmanuelKant seternaleventsaremerelybasedonourinternalperceptionsGoetheadvocatedinspirationfromShakespeare sworks GothicarchitectureandGermanfolktales JeanJacquesRousseau ImmanuelKant 1724 1804 VonGoethe 1749 1832 3 PartialreactionagainsttheneoclassicismReactedagainstreason orderrestrictions rulesandartificialconventionsRevoltagainstauthorityReactedagainstindustrialismSearchforfreedominpersonal political andartisticlifeThedemocratizationofpoetry 4 CharacteristicsofRomanticismIndividualismStressesindividualoversocietyGlorifiesdesiretogobeyondhumanlimitsHeroesareisolatednonconformistsorguiltyoutcasts Life Liberty andthePursuitofHappiness wasanewidealintheworld Emphasismovedfromtheuniversaltotheparticular forhumankindtonationsandethnicgroups WanderingAbovetheSeaofFogCasparDavidFriedrich 1818 SolitaryTreeCasparDavidFriedrich 1823 Amagnificentthingitis ininfinitesolitudebythesea underasullensky togazeoffintoaboundlesswaterywaste HeinrichvonKleist FeelingsbeforeFriedrich sSeascape Berlin Oct 13 1810 EmotionalismFeeling notreason becamethetestofauthenticity Poetryisaformofemotionalcommunication Thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings Externalobjectstransformedbypoet sfeelingsSpeaker heroreflectsthepoetPoetryaboutformationoftheself DeathofSardanapalusEugeneDelacroix SirFrankDicksee 1853 1928 SnowstormTurner ImaginationThecreativeimaginationoccupiedthecenterofRomanticviewsofart whichreplacedthe mechanical rulesofconventionalformwithan organic principleofnaturalgrowthandfreedevelopment Seeingartasaformulationofintuitiveimaginativeperceptions SpontaneityandNaturalnessAgeofReasonregardedpoetryasanartForRomanticspoetryshouldbespontaneousandinspiredPoetryshouldbefreefromrulesandartfulmanipulation AuroraBorealisFredericChurch 1865 EmphasisonNatureNatureasitreflectsthe MindofMan NatureendowedwithhumanqualitiesNaturalobjectssymbolizegreaterconceptsDivinemysteriesreflectedinnatureSeeinnaturearevelationofTruth AnAvalancheintheAlpsPhilipJamesdeLoutherbourg 1803 TheDelugeFrancisDanby 1840 ManandWomanContemplatingtheMoonGasparDavidFriedrich 1825 GlorificationoftheCommonplaceWordsworth sdemocratizationofpoetryExpressthewonderanddivinityofthecommonplaceturntothehumblepeopleandtheeverydaylifeforsubjects Useplainstyleandcommonlanguagespokenbytherusticpeople TheCornFieldJohnConstable 1826 WomanBakingBreadJean FrancoisMillet1853 4 TheExoticandtheSupernaturalLovefortheremote theunusual thestrange thesupernatural themysterious thesplendid thepicturesque andtheillogical AchievesasenseofwonderthroughsupernaturalincidentsSupernaturaleventshavepsychologicalsignificanceSettingsinGothicpastandexoticlocations EldenaRuinGasparDavidFriedrich 1825 TheNightmareJohnHenryFuseli WitchesSabbathFranciscoGoya 1798 WomenofAlgiersinTheirApartmentEug neDelacroix 1834 StonehengeJohnConstable 5 NeoclassicalandRomanticLiteratureSomeGeneralDistinctions QualityofpoetryNeoclassicdecorum concision restraint balance reason regularity witRomanticemotion introspection passion sublimity beauty spontaneity irregularity picturesque SubjectsNeoclassicpublicandpoliticalconcerns socialresponsibility mannersa political orradical humanvalue perceptionandwholeness oftenevokedthroughanddeeplyconnectedtothenaturalworldinclusionoftheelderly women children theruralandtheunlettered ValuesNeoclassicabsolute public rational humanistRomanticprivate spiritual universalthroughSpiritinnatureandinhumankind ThepoetNeoclassicurbane witty gentlemanly moral incisive goodsense goodhumour learning socialconcern capableofmoraloutrageRomanticsolitary reflective inspired apersonofimaginationandacutesensibility sometimesvisionary SettingNeoclassicurban theruralisseeneitheraspastoral idealized orasignorantandunmannerlyRomanticrural thecountryside thecityisseenasthelocusofcorruption greedandpower AllusionandhistoryNeoclassicClassicalGreeceand especially AugustanRome alsotheBibleRomanticthemythic themediaeval thegothic irrational remote LanguageNeoclassic Languageisthedressofthought Pope attentiontodecorum propriety allusionRomanticlanguagehascreativepower attentiontotheevocative moving beautiful GenresNeoclassicsatire epistle epic teaching ideas critiqueofpublicvalues ode public andepigramsRomanticlyric ode enthusiasm unionwithnature inspiration emotion meditation AnageofpoetryIdeasaboutpoetryPoetryexpressesthoughtsandsentimentsthathavetheoriginsinthemind Poetryisanutteranceofapassionfortruth beautyandpower Poetryisthoughtsandwordsinwhichemotionspontaneouslyembodiesitself Poetryismusicofthelanguageansweringtothemusicofthemind Poetryreflectsaworldalreadybathedinanemotionallighthehimselfhasprojected Poetryputsspiritandlifeandmotionintotheuniverse Artinfusesthoughtsofamanintoeverythingthatistheobjectofhiscontemplation yetnaturecanexternallymodifythesethoughts ThemajorRomanticpoetsare WilliamWordsworthSamuelTaylorCol