初中英语七年级升八年级衔接辅导之语法篇专题四数词.doc

初中英语七年级升八年级衔接辅导语法复习专题四 数词一、知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 数词用来表示人或物的数目多少和顺序。所以数词主要有两种：基数词，用于计数，如：one, two而序数词用于表示位置先后或次序，如：first second等。基数词和序数词构成法变化一览表阿拉伯基数词序数词简写1onefirst1st2twosecond2nd3threethird3rd4fourfourth4th5fivefifth6six9nineninth10ten11eleven12twelvetwelfth13thirteenthirteenth14fourteen15fifteen19nineteen20twentytwentieth21twenty-onetwenty-first21st30thirtythirtieth40forty90ninetyninetieth90th104one hundred and fourhundred and fourth104th1000a(one) thounsandthounsandth1000th10000ten thounsandten thounsandth10000th1000000one millionmillionth1000000th1、基数词构成结构2199的两位数字，在10位和个位之间加连字符构成，如89-eighty-nine.的三位数字，由hundred 加and 再加二位数或未位数字，如： 101-one hundred and one, 223-two hundred and twenty-three.四位以上数字，应从个位起向前数三位加逗号，读作thousand,再数三位加第二个逗号，读作million,再数三位加逗号，读作billion，其读法如下：1001-one thousand and one-five thousand, three hundred and eightysix要注意的是hundred, thousand, million与billion的用法。前面有别的基数词时，即若干个百、千、百万、十亿时，其本身都不要加s，如：three hundred students。 若表示成百，成千或数百，数千时，前面不能有基数词，但其本身要用复数形式，然后+of+名词复数。如：thousands and thousands of。 (成千上万)2、序数词的构成法序数词除first, second, third 以外，其余一般在词尾加th构成，除一般略有差异的各别数词外，很容易掌握。其二位数或多位数只将后面的个位数字改为序数词，其前面各位数字均不改变，都用基数词。3、数词的应用日期表示法有两种说法,如：2月1号英语表达法为：the first of February而美语为February (the) first,但其书写上可有四种写法February 1 February 1st 1st February 1/2。时间表示法整点的表达：oclock 前用数字或文字均可。文字更正式，数字更鲜明，如：6点- 6 oclock -six oclock8点- 8 oclock -eight oclock非整点表达的两种方法：时 + 分6：30 = six thirty7：45 = seven forty-five8：01 = eight 0 one (0 读字母o 音)注意：用“时 + 分”的方式表示时间，后面决不可有oclock。分 + past + 时：表示“几点几分”，不超过半小时 （ 包括半小时half ）分 + to + 时 ：表示超过半小时的 “几点差几分”一刻（十五分）用quarter 如：一点一刻： a quarter past one one fifteen 两点半： half past two two thirty 三点四十五分：a quarter to four three forty-five 七点二十： twenty past seven seven twenty 九点四十： twenty to ten nine forty若想表明是上午，可在时间后加上am或a.m.若想表明是下午，可在时间后加上pm或p.m.a.m. = in the morning 如：上午九点： 9 a.m. 9：00 a.m. nine a.m. thirteen past six a.m. （上午六点十三分）p.m. = in the afternoon 如：four oclock p.m. （下午四点）若表示的时间不够准确，可在时间前加上介词about。如：about eight （大约八点）等。 v、在时间前面应用介词at 来表示在的意思。如：at nine 在九点钟，at about five thirty-five p.m. 大约在下午五点三十五分等序号的表示法单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。如，No.1一号事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同：对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达，形式分别为：the +序数词 + 名词；名词 + 基数词第一次世界大战可以表示为the First World War或World War I。对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词 + 数词,如501号房间表示为Room 501538路公共汽车表示为Bus 538可用a/the + number + 基数词 + 名词a No.5 bus一辆五路公共汽车，the No.8 bus那辆8路公共汽车年龄的表示法用基数词表示年龄。如：The baby is one year old. 表示“在某人的几十岁”时，可用介词in+ ones+整十位数的复数形式：She is still in her twenties. 她才二十几岁。但表示十多岁时用：in ones teens表示“一个九岁的男孩”，可以有多种表达法a boy of nine，a boy of nine years old，a boy of nine years of age，a nine-year-old boy注意：与基数词合成的定语，其中的名词用单数：a three-month-old baby，a five-year plan。加、减、乘、除的表示法算法种类例 句加法一般Five and six is eleven.正式Five plus six is (equals) eleven.减法一般Four from Eight leaves (is) four.正式Eight minus four equals (is) four.乘法一般Three fours are twelve 34=12 正式 Three times four equals (is) twelve.除法一般Two into four is two正式Four divided by two equals(is) two.4、数词的功能功 能例 句主语Two of them are teachers.定语There are fifty students in our class.宾语Give me two（）.表语Im eighteen （years old） now.同位语You may leave it to us two.状语He is two years older than his brother.二、例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a _ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. /3. - Which is the smallest number of the four? - _. A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths4. Please write down the new words in the text of _. A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh解析：1.基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具体数字时，它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词of (几百，成百上千) ，thousands of (几千，数千个)，millions of, billions of 前不可用数词修饰。但可用many, some, several 等修饰。故选答案D. 2答案： B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。 3答案：C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时，分母用序数词，分子用基数词，当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词后要加s. 4答案： A。 此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下，名词编号有这几种表示法： 1。事物名词+基数词，且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如：Lesson Eleven；2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如： No. 6 Middle School三、练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！I. 单句改错：1. I drove about half mile. 正 I drove about half a mile. 析 半小时为half an hour, 半天为half a day, 半镑为half a pound, 尽量避免用half a year, half a month, 要用six months, two weeks 或 fifteen days 要注意的是Half of the work is done Half of the books are sold. 当Half 作名词时，其谓语动词要看of后面的名词而定。如名词是不可数名词则用单数谓语动词，如是复数名词时，则要用复数谓语动词。要注意的是一个半的表达法，如：One and a half apples is left on the table.其名词要用复数，但谓语动词则要用单数。2.There are about two thousands workers in our factory. 正 There are about two thousand workers in our factory 析 几千，几百的表达法是基数词加thousand或加hundred,而且均不要加s。这样的单位还有dozen(打)， score (20年)等。3.In the morning there are hundred of old people walking in the park. 正 In the morning there are hundreds of old people walking in the park. 析 当表达数百，数千时，要用hundreds of和thousands of 这一结构。4.Tom was born on July eighteen. 正 Tom was born on July eighteenth. 析 月日的表达法有美语和英语两种。 美语 July 18 读作 July eighteenth 英语 July 18th 读作 July the eighteenth5.Ill go to school at 7 a. m. in the morning. 正 Ill go to school at 7 a. m/ at 7 in the morning. 析 a. m 即表达在早上之意，不要再用in the morning.6.The film will begin at three quarters past one. 正 The film will begin at one quarter to two. 析 大于30分钟时不要使用past，而要用差多少不到几点的to来表达。7.Three time three is nine. 正 Three times three is nine. 析 times 此处作为乘讲一定要加s。 英语中乘除法表达式如下：II:选择填空：1. _ of people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day. A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions2. About _ of the surface of the earth _ covered with water. A. three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are 3. It will take _ time to finish the work. A. one and a half years B. a year and half C. one and a half years D. a year and halfs4- How long will your stay here ?、 -For _ . A. one and two days B. one and two day C. a day or two D. one or two day5When he moved to Germany in _ , he was already in _ . A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties; his sixties C. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixty6My brother lives in _ on _ floor. A. six Room ;second B. Room six ;the second C. Room six; two floor D. the room six ; the second7December is _ month of the year. A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelve8This took place in the _ . A. 1940 B. 1940s C. 1940es D. 1940th 9It is only _ from my home to the train station. A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutes s walk D. ten minutes walk10There are _ in this building , I live on _.A. nine floors ,the ninth floor B. nine floor, the ninth floorC. nine floor , nine floors D.ninth floor,the ninth floor 11The water behind the Three Gorges Dams (三峡大坝) should be _ higher than downstream（ 下游）。 A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters12. There are _ days in a year. A. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty five D. two hundreds and sixty-five13. -How many teachers are there in your school? - _. , but Im not sure. A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred14. There are _ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.