（新课标）高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破 book8 unit3 inventors and inventions 新人教版.doc

unit3 inventors and inventions重点识记词汇1.call up 给打电话2.now and then偶尔；有时3set about 开始；着手 4.seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺5bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担 6.ring back回复电话7ring off挂断电话 8.dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入9set out (to do)开始(做) 10.stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的11hang on不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 12.out of order次序颠倒；发生故障13criterion n(pl criteria)(评判的)标准；尺度 14.current n(水或气)流；电流 adj.现在的；当前的15tap vt.& vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头16get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过17distinguish vi.& vt.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的distinguishable adj.易分辨的，能区分的18merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercy n宽大；仁慈merciless adj.残忍的；无情的19abrupt adj.突然的；意外的abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地20convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的convenience n方便；便利conveniently adv.便利地；方便地21caution n小心；谨慎cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地22expectation n预料；期待；期望expect vt.期待；期望；指望unexpected adj.想不到的；意外的unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地23passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的active adj.(反义词)积极的；活跃的；主动的24merry adj.愉快的；高兴的merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地25recognition n认出；认可；承认recognize vt.认出，识别；承认26freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的freeze v冰冻frozen adj.冻结的27occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地occasional adj.偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的occasion n时机，机会；场合28invaluable adj.无价的；极宝贵的valuable adj.有价值的；贵重的；可估价的value vt.评价；重视；估价 n值；价值；价格；重要性29associate vt.联想；联系 n同伴；伙伴associated adj.关联的；联合的association n协会；联合；联想30practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的practice v实行；实习 n练习，实践31competence n能力；胜任；本领competent adj.能胜任的；有能力的；称职的32innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的innocence n天真；清白33identification n鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明identify vt.确定；识别identity n身份；同一性，一致34product n产品production n生产；制造；制作producer n生产商；制造商；产地必背经典句式1.the next morning i got up early before the sun was hot.第二天早上趁天还不太热，我就早早地起床了。2but once picked up，they tried to bite me.但是它们一旦被捡起来，就试图咬我。3.remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesnt work the first time.记住对你的发明要有变化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。必背经典句式4.follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟随它，在它的周围探索，那么在你知道它之前，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。5snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree.蛇不时来到我们房子旁边，似乎在离核桃树不远处安家了。构词记忆painful /peinfl/ adj.令人疼痛的；令人痛苦的peaceful /pisfl/ adj.1.和平的；爱好和平的2.安静的；安宁的；宁静的powerful /pafl/ adj.1.强大的；强有力的2.效力大的；作用大的respectful /rispektfl/ adj.表示敬意的；尊敬的shameful /eimfl/ adj.可耻的；不体面的；下流的.词汇与派生a语境填词1alison couldnt bear(忍受)to leave and cried all the way to the airport.2in my opinion，only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing(抓住)opportunities can one succeed.3you may safely climb those steps；theyre quite stable(稳固的)4what are your criteria(标准)for judging a bottle of wine?5its freezing(严寒的)outside.youd better put on more clothes.6he was the innocent(无辜的)party in the breakdown of the marriage.7i keep my reference books near my desk for convenience (方便)8teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional competence(能力)9alexander tried to get his work recognized(认可)in the medical circles.10the identification(鉴别)of the crash victims was a long and difficult task.b用所给词的适当形式填空11she distinguished herself by her kindness and bravery as well as a distinguished novelist.(distinguish)12i bought this apartment for its convenience，for it is very convenient for the bus stations and it has a lot of conveniences.(convenient)13in western countries，the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck，but actually there isnt any association between them.(associate)14this product is well received in the market.therefore，the producers are trying their best to increase its production.(produce)15he is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution.you should get on with him cautiously.(caution)16we didnt expect that he would come when it was already 11 oclock at night.but the unexpected visitor didnt seem to see our coldness towards him.(expectation)17if you want to know whether the method is practical or not，you should put it into practice，that is to say，you should practice it before you make a conclusion.(practice)18unhappily，the man said，“the abrupt change of schedule gave me lots of trouble and we had to end our journey abruptly.” (abrupt).短语运用a用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空19he sets about working like nothing has gone on him.20had he worked harder，he would have got through the exams.21the beggar dived into his pocket and took out several coins.22he has achieved what he set out to do three years ago.23the college has decided on a lecture series and business english majors must be present.24in the act of bending down，he slipped and hurt his back.b用方框内所给短语填空25the teacher was angry with tom because he looked out of the window now and then.26the machine is out of order.i have to have it repaired.27bring some money with you in case you want to buy something.经典句式28once talking with him，youll find him an easygoing man.一旦与他交谈，你就会发现他是一个随和的人。29leave your key with a neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day.留一把钥匙给邻居，以免有一天你把自己锁在门外。30bring the flowers into a warm room and theyll soon open.把这些花搬进一间暖房，它们很快就会开花。31jack seems to have known the truth.he knows much about it.jack似乎已经知道真相了。他了解很多。32they are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。1 distinguish v.区分；辨别；分清(recognize the difference between)；成为的特征(be characteristic)；使有别于应试指导distinguished作为高级词汇替换famousdistinguish.from.使别于的特征distinguish between.and.区分和be distinguished for因而出名be distinguished as辨别为；称之为distinguishing adj有区别的it is necessary to distinguish the policies of two successive governments.分清前后两届政府的政策很有必要。research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing between areas of light and dark.研究表明婴儿通过辨别光亮和黑暗的区域来学会看东西。夯实基础(1)用distinguish的适当形式填空distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school.attending the ceremony of the 50th anniversary this morning are our alumni from home and abroad.the bird has no distinguishing features.(2)he was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school.distinguished for his knowledge of economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)2 claim n.& vt.要求；主张；声称；认领make a claim for/on/to要求claim to do./that.声称claim ones attention值得注意he claimed that it was all a trick against him.他声称这一切都是一个针对他的诡计。he repeated his claim that the people there backed his action.他再次声称，那里的人民支持他的行动。夯实基础(1)语法填空the scientist claimed to have invented(invent) a new kind of car.the victims in the accident made a claim for damages.(2)she claims that she is related to the queen.she claims to be related to the queen.(用含有不定式的简单句改写句子)3 bear vt.承受；忍耐；运送；生(孩子)多词一义bear，stand，tolerate，put up withbear doing/to do.忍受干bear sb./sb.s doing.容忍某人做bear sb.to do.忍受某人做keep/bear sth.in mind牢记they will have to bear the misery of living in constant fear of war.他们不得不忍受长期生活在战争恐惧中的痛苦。she bore him a daughter，suzanna.她给他生了个女儿，苏珊娜。特别提醒(1)bear表示“容忍，忍耐”时多与can/could连用，且多用于否定句和疑问句中。(2)bear的过去分词形式，作“生育，生产”讲时用borne；作“出生”或“出身”时用born。夯实基础语法填空(1)mary has borne him six sons and the eldest son was born in 1970.(bear)(2)he cant bear being laughed/to be laughed (laugh) at.4 call up给打电话(ring up)；征召入伍(draft)；使回忆起(recall)应试指导“call副词”类语境词义辨析call for需要call at拜访某地call on拜访某人call on sb.to do.号召某人做call off取消call out大声地说；召唤某人call in叫某人进来 call back回电话；再打电话when im in pittsburgh，i call him up.我每到匹兹堡，都给他打电话。youngsters coming up to university were being called up.快上大学的青年人受到征召。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)the picnic was called off because of the rain.(2)lets stop off and call on tim and his family.(3)these pictures call up memories of those beautiful days when they stayed in hainan during the summer holiday.5 hang on不挂断；稍等(hold on)；紧紧握住(hold tightly)；坚持，不放弃(continue doing，not give up)应试指导(1)hang on在交际用语中的考查(2)“hang副词”类语境词义辨析hang out逗留；闲荡hang ones head(因羞愧)低下头hang back退缩；踌躇不前hang up (on sb.)挂断(某人的)电话get/have the hang of sth.学会做某事的技巧hang on a minute；im nearly ready.稍等一下，我马上就好。the president has been trying hard to hang on to power.总统一直在设法抓住权力不放。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)i saw him step forward for a moment but then hang back，nervously.(2)he said hed call again，and hung up on me.(3)whats the sense of having a public open space where you cant eat，drink or even simply hang out for a while?(4)jack almost fell off the cliff，but managed to hang on until help came.1 follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞着你的头脑。“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”为常见句型。该结构中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。quit smoking，or you may ruin your health.要戒烟，否则你会毁了自己的健康。one more effort，and youll succeed.再努力一下，你会成功。夯实基础(1)语法填空give me a chance，and ill give you a wonderful surprise.seize the chance，or/otherwise you wont have one any more.(2)lend her a hand，and she will be grateful to you.if you lend her a hand，she will be grateful to you.(用含有条件句的复合句改写句子)2单元语法语法填空(1)would you like some fried(fry) chips?(2)there are lots of fallen(fall) leaves on the ground.(3)he looked at me with an interested look.obviously he was interested.(interest)(4)i wonder if this is the computer you want to have repaired(repair)(5)the first text books written(write) for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.高考题组.阅读填空(2013新课标全国)business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.the word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.most businesses seek to make a profit(利润)that is，they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 commonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72 business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning，direction，and control of the operations of a business. 73 one is the establishment(制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production；sales；the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies；and accounting. 74 the third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管) and guidance by the management in authority. 75 acontrol includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.bin this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.cexamples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.dhowever，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.ethe second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.fin the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.gplanning in business management has three main aspects.答案71.d72.c73.g74.e75.a.写作常用句翻译1我们是敷衍了事还是采取实际措施来保护它呢？(practical)(2013江苏书面表达)should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to protect it?2然而，它们也造成了一些问题，如空气污染和交通堵塞。(jam)(2011江西写作)however，they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.3然而，当事情超出我的能力，我会向我的同学或老师寻求帮助。(competence)(2011安徽书面表达)however，when it is something beyond my competence，i turn to my classmates or teachers for help.模拟题组.语法填空1color blind people often find it difficult to distinguish between blue and green.2why did bob cry?he couldnt bear being made(make) fun of like that before the whole class.3some newspapers seized on the results as proof that global warming wasnt really happening.4the line is busy.would you like to hang on?ok.5have you got through?no.i had the wrong number.6one talk with the student，i believe，and you will find tom is very outgoing.7hard as my brother studied，he wasnt qualified enough for a good university.8“its such a nice place.” mother said as she sat at the table reserved(reserve) for customers.9many buildings in the city need repairing，but the oneto be repaired(repair) first is the library.10i havent seen sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond recognition(recognize).单句改错1it was hard to distinguish one twin about another.aboutfrom2ralph tapped me on my shoulder.mythe3the boy told his parents that he would go to school but in the truth he didnt.去掉truth前的the4it was late in 2008 that he set out shooting the film.outabout或shootingto shoot5someone called me on at midnight，only to find he dialled the wrong number.onup6hang on the strap；the bus is about to start.on后加上to7i dont think ill need any money but ill bring some for case.forin8you have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of the shape.去掉the9everyone has periods in their lives that everything seems very hard.thatwhen10every time when i call on him，he is out.去掉when.写作句式升级训练the task is difficult，but it is worth doing.the task is challenging，but rewarding.(用相应的高级词汇改写句子).阅读理解smaller than most of the other kids in the sixth grade，joey looked for challenges that no other kids had even thought of.teachers shook their heads in disbelief at the things joey tried，just because he couldnt resist the temptation，once he thought of it.one day，mrs.mercer asked joey to take a load of textbooks to mr.mannings room at the other end of the hall.this was still the beginning of the school year，when teachers thought joey was the dependable student they looked for at the start of each school year.“here，joey，i have an idea of how you can get all these textbooks down to the other end of the hall in just one trip，” mrs.mercer said.she took the overhead projector of its cart and set the projector on the counter while she wheeled out the two level cart beneath it.mrs.mercer felt pleased with herself and her idea of efficiency as she directed joey to make stacks of textbooks on the top of the cart as well as on the lower level of the cart underneath.“there you go，joey.thank you.be sure to bring back the cart，” mrs.mercer said.joey was always curious about how things work and often asked himself，“i wonder what would happen if.？”he was fascinated with how the cart wheeled down the hall.he believed the hallway was the longest straightaway he had ever seen，but it was a major challenge to get that overhead projector cart to go straight.most of the trip down the hallway，he had to continually adjust the direction of his push to keep the cart going reasonably straight.by the end of the long hallway，however，joey had figured out how to adjust the wheels and the metal hardware on each wheel to achieve a straight course.he had to be careful to do it quietly，though，because every teacher had the classroom door open and students would look up from their seats to see joey going by with the cart loaded with books.“youre the man，joey.thank you，” mr.manning said as he quickly unloaded the books from the cart and eased the empty cart toward joey for him to return to mrs.mercers room.joey pushed the cart out of the room and into the hallway.he was surprised at how much lighter the cart was without the load of books.he was thinking about how much easier the trip back would be down the hallway.“smooth sailing！” joey said to himself and then the idea came to him.“i wonder what would happen if.？”without further thought，joey set the cart in a straight position，took a few steps back，got a running start and dove onto the cart in a prone superman position.“whoosh！” the cart went down the hall with joey stretched out on top.laughter poured out of each open classroom door as students looked up from their work to see joey gliding by on the overhead projector cart.as joey sailed by classrooms，heads popped out from classroom doors in his wake.from then on，teachers at jefferson middle school continued to smile and shake their heads in disbelief at the things joey tried，but they always asked someone else to run their errands.1at the beginning of each school year，joey .awas asked to help his teachersbwanted to try everything strangecwould make his teachers unhappydwould meet challenges from other kids答案a解析细节理解题。由第二段第二句“this was still the beginning of the school year，when teachers thought joey was the dependable student they looked for at the start of each school year.”可知，每个学期初老师们都会想到让joey来帮忙。2mrs.mercer was pleased probably because .ajoey tried his best to do well in classbjoey did everything as she told himcthe overhead projector cart was easy to operatedshe got the right idea of sending all the books答案d解析细节理解题。由第三段第三句“mrs.mercer felt pleased with herself and her idea of efficiency.”等信息可知，mrs.mercer为自己想出一个好办法而感到高兴。3from “i wonder what would happen if.？” in the passage，we can know that joey .awas a naughty boy at schoolbasked his teacher many questionscliked to challenge anything newddidnt understand some puzzles sometimes答案c解析细节理解题。“i wonder what would happen if.？”的重复出现说明了joey好奇心强，喜欢尝试任何新事物。4what mr.manning said to joey shows that .ahe was thankful for joeys good jobbjoey was the one he was looking forche was very happy to see joey againdhe was proud that joey could push the cart答案a解析细节理解题。由第五段中mr.manning所说的“youre the man，joey.thank you”以及上下文可知mr.manning对joey所做的工作表示感谢。.阅读填空scholarship newsletterwelcome back！i hope everyone had a great summer and you are looking forward to your senior year.every month you will receive the scholarship newsletter. 5 scholarships will be announced in the newsletter