重庆市渝中区高考英语短文阅读类暑假选练（11）.doc

重庆市渝中区2016高考英语短文阅读类暑假选练（11）【陕西省2014五校联考】阅读下列四篇短文, 从每小题后所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。food picked up just a few seconds after being dropped is less likely to contain bacteria than if it is left for longer periods of time, according to the findings of research carried out at aston universitys school of life and health sciences. the findings suggest there may be some scientific basis to the “5 second rule” the belief about it being fine to eat food that has only had contact with the floor for five seconds or less. although people have long followed the 5 second rule, until now it was unclear whether it actually helped. the study, undertaken by final year biology students and led by anthony hilton, professor of microbiology at aston university, monitored the transfer of the common bacteria from a variety of indoor flooring types (carpet, cement floor etc.) to toast, pasta, a biscuit and a sticky sweet when contact was made from 3 to 30 seconds. the results showed that: time is a significant factor in the transfer of bacteria from a floor surface to a piece of food; and the type of flooring the food has been dropped on has an effect, with bacteria least likely to transfer from carpeted surfaces and most likely to transfer from cement flooring surfaces to moist(湿的) foods making contact for more than 5 seconds. professor hilton said: “consuming food dropped on the floor still carries an infection risk as it very much depends on which bacteria are present on the floor at the time.”the aston team also carried out a survey of the number of people who employ the 5 second rule. the survey showed that: 87% of people surveyed said they would eat food dropped on the floor, or already have done so. 55% of those who would eat or have eaten food dropped on the floor are women. 81% of the women who would eat food from the floor would follow the 5 second rule. professor hilton added, “our study showed that a surprisingly large majority of people are happy to consume dropped food, with women the most likely to do so. but they are also more likely to follow the 5 second rule.”57. according to the passage, which of the following is true?a. a toast dropped on the carpet is easier to be polluted than that dropped on the cement floor.b. a sticky chocolate dropped on the carpet is easier to be polluted than that dropped on the cement floor within 5 seconds. c. the food dropped on the carpet shares the same potential of being polluted with the food dropped on the cement floor.d. the food dropped on the cement floor is not as safe as food dropped on the carpet within 30 seconds.58. eating food dropped on the floor still carries an infection risk because it relies on _ at that time.a. the type of bacteria b. the carpet c. the cement floor d. the surface of table59. the passage is developed probably by _. a. time b. spacec. contrastd. example60. what is the main idea of this passage?a. the food which is dropped on the floor can be eaten safely.b. the bacteria have no negative effect on the safety of food.c. a research on the safety of food dropped on the floor is undertaken.d. people surveyed in the research are willing to accept the idea.【参考答案】57-60 dacc【2015高考复习】阅读理解“reconstituted” families are more and more common in the uk.steve and debbie got married in 2001 and had two children，lily and alex.unfortunately，steve and debbies marriage didnt work out and they got divorced in 2006.the children live with debbie.in 2008，debbie remarried.her new husband，martin，has three children from his previous marriage and they visit debbie，martin，lily and alex at weekends.in addition，debbie is pregnant with her third child.shes expecting a boy who will be a halfbrother to lily and alex and also to martins three other children.confused？debbies family arrangements might have seemed strange 30 years ago but nowadays this kind of “reconstituted” family is increasingly common in the uk.almost half of all marriages in britain end in divorce and over 40% of marriages are remarriages.more than 10% of all british children live with one birth parent and a stepparenta parent who isnt their biological mother or father.the traditional “nuclear” family of two parents and their children is not so traditional any more.what does all of this mean for parents in these “reconstituted” families？“there are difficulties and challenges，” says debbie.“different families have different routines and it can be difficult for children to move between their two families.birthdays and holidays can be tricky.where do the children go？who should they spend their time with？also，when my children are naughty it can be difficult for martin to tell_them_off.things that might be simple in a traditional family can be a bit more complicated.”and how about the children？martins eldest child，ella，is 12.“i like my two families，” she says.“i live with my mum but visit my dad quite often and im happy that my mum and dad get along ok.theyre not married any more but its good that they can still be friends.” of course divorce and separation are never easy but many families in the uk are finding ways to make family life work in new ways.【语篇解读】本文介绍了英国出现越来越多的重组家庭这一社会现象。5why did steve and debbie get separated?athey couldnt support the children.bthey couldnt get along well.cthey were both out of work.dthey had serious economic problems.解析考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“unfortunately，steve and debbies marriage didnt work out and they got divorced in 2006.”可知，steve和debbie由于感情破裂而无法维系婚姻，并非因为经济问题或双双失业，更不是因为养不起孩子。答案b6we can learn from the text that a “nuclear” family _.ahas two birth parents and their childrenbhas two birth parents and only one childcis traditional but complicatedddoesnt have any children解析考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“the traditional nuclear family of two parents and their children is not so traditional any more.”可知答案为a项。答案a7what do the underlined words “tell them off” in paragraph 4 most probably mean?amake them annoyed bsend them to schoolclet out their secrets dtalk angrily to them解析考查词义猜测。根据画线部分前面的“when my children are naughty”和第四段的最后一句“things that might be simple in a traditional family can be a bit more complicated.”并结合生活常识可推知，由于martin是孩子的继父，所以不能够对他们大声呵斥。tell sb.off意为“责骂、斥责某人”。答案d8whats the text mainly about?athe difference between “marriage” and “remarriage”bmore and more people get divorced in the uk.c“reconstituted” families are becoming more and more in the uk.dthe marriage situation is becoming severe. 解析考查主旨大意。根据文章首句和全文内容可知，本文意在介绍英国出现越来越多的重组家庭这一社会现象，故答案为c项。答案c阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项。harvard university named historian drew gilpin faust as its first female president on sunday, ending a lengthy and secretive search to find a successor（接任者）to lawrence summers .the seven-member harvard corporation elected faust, a noted scholar on history of the american south and dean of harvards radcliffe institute for advanced study, as the universitys 28th president.“this is a great day, and a historic day for harvard,” james r. houghton, chairman of the presidential search committee, said in a statement. “drew faust is an inspiring and accomplished leader, a superb scholar, a dedicated（献身的) teacher, and a wonderful human being.”her selection is noteworthy given the heated debates over summers comments that genetic differences between the sexes might help explain the lack of women in top science jobs.faust has been dean of radcliffe since 2001, two years after the former womens college was combined into the university as a research center with a mission to study gender issues(性别问题).some professors have quietly groused that the 371-year-old university is appointing a fifth president who is not a scientist. no scientist has had the top job since james bryant conant retired in 1953; its last four have come from the fields of classics, law, literature and economics.1,3,5faust is the first harvard president who did not receive a degree from the university since charles chauncy, a graduate of cambridge university, who died in office in 1762. she attended the university of pennsylvania. “teaching staff turned to her constantly,” said sheldon hackney, a former president of the university of pennsylvania and historian who worked closely with faust. “shes very clear. she has a sense of humor, but shes very strong-minded. you come to trust in her because shes so solid.” 1. which might be the best title for the passage? a. harvard named its 1st female president. b. history of harvard university changed. c. debates on female equality ended. d. drew gilpin faust, a famous woman historian. 2. which is not true about drew gilpin faust?a. she is the 28th president of harvard university.b. she is a famous scholar from the american south.c. she isnt a graduate from harvard university.d. she was head of radcliffe institute for advanced study.3. lawrence summers held the view that .a. women cannot achieve as much as men in management b. women cannot hold important positions in society c. women can match men in science jobs d. few women make top scientists owing to genes 4. the underlined word “groused” in the 6th paragraph means . a. approved b. commented c. complained d. indicated 5. this passage probably appears in a .a. biography b. personal letter c. research paper d. newspaper report 【参考答案】15、abdcd 【四川省凉山州2014第二次诊断性测试】阅读下面五篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are a major cause of climate change, andnow a new study has confirmed that atmospheric co2 is also affecting the ocean chemistry andpotentially harming sea life. montana state university scientist robert dore has been researching the water in the pacificocean for almost two decades. weve been going to the same spot in the pacific ocean, and wetry and characterize long-term change in the open ocean environment. and one of the key thingsthat we measure is cox levels. and weve been able to record this increasing quantity ofatmospheric co, into the ocean. scientists expected that as atmospheric co2 increased, more and一more of the carbon dioxide would be absorbed into the ocean, affecting the chemical balance ofthe sea water, with a potentially harmful impact on shellfish and coral in particular. as carbon dioxide dissolves in the water, or seawater in this case, it forms a weak acid,carbonic acid, dore explains. and therefore, as the concentration of co2 in the atmosphere goesup and that exchanges with the surface seawater, it drives the ph down, and makes it moreacidic. the seawater samples dow and his colleagues have analyzed confirm what the theory predicts.the effect was particular striking at about 250 meters down, and again at 500 meters. dore andhis colleagues came up with two possible explanations. it could be that surface water picked upco2 and then moved to those depths. or there could be a biological explanation. its important to realize that the oceans are really becoming acidic. and it can havenegative impacts on a whole variety of sea life from fish to coral. its potentially catastrophic. 35. what can be the best title of the passage? a. sea life facing danger b. scientist researching seawater c. oceans becoming more acidic d. climate change affecting seawater 36. with the increase of atmospheric c02， a. more corals will appear in the sea b. the surface water is becoming warmer c. the chemical balance of the seawater is affected d. the ph of the ocean out here has been increasing 37. which of the following shows the process of the impact of atmospheric c02 on sea life? a. sea life is endangered. b. c02 goes into the surface water. c. the ocean chemistry is affected. d. c02 levels in the atmosphere go up e. c02 decreases the ph and makes the seawater more acidic. a. abcde b. dbcea c. aebed d. edcba 38. scientist robert dore came to the conclusion based on a. his research and analysis b. the expectation of other scientists c. some former theory d. a major cause of climate change【参考答案】35、a 3638、cba 完型填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从以下题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。it is inevitable(不可避免的) for us to meet failure and success in everyday life. most of us are eager for success and scared of failure. however，no one is always successful 1._ also no one is always a failure. then 2._ to deal with failure and success in our life?on the one hand，“failure is the mother of success. ”if we sum 3._ experiences and lessons after failure，maybe success will come. nevertheless，if we lose heart and give up former efforts，we will not succeed. 4._a word，the key to success is our hard struggle. on the other hand，success may cause failure，too. generally speaking，success often adds confidence and satisfaction，5._failure is accompanied by misery and sadness. but supposing 6._ become selfsatisfied once we succeed and stop struggling. then its sure that failure will come. we should take 7._ right attitude towards failure and success.to sum up，there is not an absolute limit between success and failure.8._ is important is our struggle and attitude.(四)1. and考查并列连词。此空连接两个句子，且表示并列关系，故填and。2. how考查疑问副词。那么，怎样对待生活中的失败与成功呢？3. up考查副词。sum up 总结。4. in考查介词。in a word 总体来说。5. while考查并列连词。此空连接两个句子，表示两种情况的对比，故填while “而”。6. we考查代词。该空在宾语从句中作主语，根据once引导的状语从句中的主语we可判断填we。7. a考查冠词。take a right attitude towards failure and success 对失败与成功持一种端正的态度。8. what考查名词性从句的引导词。该空引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，故填what，首字母要大写。语法填空。阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。long ago, in a far-away place, an old tribal chief found himself terminally ill. so he called three most promising young villagers to his bedside and said, “as i1(leave)you soon, i hope you can do one more thing for me. young men, you three are all2(usual)strong and resourceful, so id like you to strive to climb that high mountain we have always been worshipping3a sacred place. try to reach the top and then turn back to tell me about your findings. three days later, the first young man returned smartly dressed and said4(smile), “lord, ive been to the mountaintop5i saw flowers of all sorts, spring water and singing birds. thats a real nice place. ”the old tribal chief replied with a smile, “son, ive been there before. its not the mountaintop6the foot of the mountain. you can leave now. ”a week later, the second young man also returned. “lord, ive been to the mountaintop7a forest of tall pine trees and vultures circling in the air. thats a really nice place. ”“what a pity! ”said the chief. “son, youve been halfway up the mountain rather than to the summit. now you can leave. ”a month later, the third young man showed up in rags, his hair off-colored but his eyes clear and bright. “lord, i succeeded in reaching the summit. there was nothing there but the highland wind and the blue sky8(hang)over the land. ”“so you saw nothing at all? not even9butterfly? ”“no, lord, nothing. all you can see is yourself. you just feel how insignificant you are in this infinite universe10standing at the top! ”“son, youve reached the real mountaintop. congratulations! you will be undoubtedly made our new tribal chief! ”【文章大意】一个部落的酋长即将病逝, 他让三个年轻人去山顶, 把看到的景色告诉自己。三个年轻人回来之后, 给出了不同的答案, 只有第三个人的答案让老酋长满意, 并将酋长之位让给了他。因为睿智的老酋长知道, 只有第三个人才是在坚定的意志的指引下执着攀登的人。在坎坷的路途中, 他经历磨难, 却也磨砺了自己。1. 【解析】am leaving / will leave。考查时态。由soon可知, “i”即将离开, 应用一般将来时, 或用现在进行时表将来。2. 【解析】unusually。考查副词。修饰形容词(strong)应用副词。3. 【解析】as。考查介词。把那座高山视为圣地。as意为“作为”。4. 【解析】smilingly。考查副词。修饰动词(said), 应用副词。5. 【解析】where。考查关系副词。where引导定语从句, 修饰mountaintop。从句中缺少地点状语, 应用where引导。6. 【解析】but。考查并列连词。句意: 那不是山顶, 而是山脚。not . . . but. . . 不是而是。7. 【解析】with。考查介词。with=having。8. 【解析】hanging。考查非谓语动词。hang和sky之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词作定语。9. 【解析】a。考查冠词。butterfly是可数名词, 此处是泛指蝴蝶, 应用不定冠词修饰。10. 【解析】while。考查连词。句意: 当你站在山顶的时候, 你只能感觉到在无穷的宇宙中, 你是多么渺小! wh