小练习41s.doc

西充中学高2011级小练习40 (MODULE4 阅读)命题人 杨建波 审题 谢小洲 测试时间2013年05月（5月第10次）AYouve likely been told by your parents not to play with fire. Fire can be dangerous. However, some fires are very healthy and helpful to our plannet.Until the 20th century, almost all forests fires were naturally occurring fires, started by natural means, such as lightning strikes. These fires are a part of our ecosystem(生态系统). When forests fires occur naturally, they tend to move quickly through the forest. They burn the lower branches and clear the deadwood and weeds from the forest floor.For many years, the US government tried to prevent as many forest fires as possible. As a result, forests build up layers of deadwood and brush. This left forests at risk for much fiercer natural fires. The extra deadwood served as fuel. It also kept forests less healthy for trees and wildlife.Forest fires improve the forest as a habitat for large trees that prefer some open space. In addition, forest fires help seeds begin to grow. Some types of trees only let go of seeds when they are exposed (暴露) to great heat. These natural fires also remove sick plants and harmful insects from a forest ecosystem.In recent years forest-management techniques have changed. Scientists understand the importance of fire to the forest. Forest agencies have begun starting controlled fires. These help remove the growth that has build up over so many years. At the same time, people have increased their use of the forest for leisure(休闲的) purposes. Now most forest fires are caused by human carelessness. People Being careless with matches or cigarettes can start fires. Sometimes people leave their campfires unattended. These fires often cause more damage than natural fores because they upset the balance of nature. They also can destroy timber(木材) and harm the soil.Always be careful when you are camping or walking through the woods. Be careful with matches and make sure campfires have been put out properly. We will all see the benefits from these procautions in our forests and natural environments.1. What do we know about naturally occurring fires?A. They help cure sick plants. B. They are important to forests.C. They keep seeds from growing. D. They disturb the balance of nature.2. The US governments efforts in preventing forest fires in the past _. A. proved to be useful B. benefited wildlife a lot C. stopped natural fires from occurring D. affected the development of forests3. In the last few years, US forest agencies started to _. A. forbid people to camp in the forest B. understand the harm of foreat fires C. use fire to clear the forest floor D. be worried about forest fires4. The word “precaution” in the last paragraph probably means _. A. measures B. instructions C. disasters D. researchesBTeaching assistantHours: Part timeSalary : 11.12p/h A teaching assistant is needed to start on 3rd August 2013. He or she will provide the students and teachers with appropriate support in the classroom. Secondary school experience preferred. For further details please telephone Mrs. Caryl Lewis, Headteacher on 736524 or email her at cl .Lunchtime assistantHours: Part timeSalary: 9.28p/h Were looking for someone to assist with the lunchtime routine, take care of pre-school children at meantimes, and get the room ready for afternoon activities. Anybody interested in this position please call Joanne Walton on 734229 or email her at .Days per week: 5(Monday-Friday)Working hours: 10:30am-2pmFood section managerHours: Full timeSalary: Negotiable Marks and Spencer needs a food section manager to start immediately. The ideal candidate must have experience within the food business, excellent communication and organisational skills coupled with the ability to manage the staff. Duties will include responsibilities for opening and closing the store, and providing the customers with up-to-date knowledge of products and services, Benefits include staff discount card. You can contact Linda Hodgson by sending an email to .Shop assistantHours: Part timeSalary: Negotiable The ideal candidate must have excellent customer service skills, be friendly and outgoing and have an eye for detail. Previous experience is an advantage, however, full training will be provided. Able to work as a member of a team. Must be able to speak and understand English. You can apply for this position by emailing Sue Milroy at . Days per week: 5(Monday to Saturday with one day off during the week)5. If you want to work in a nursery, you should contact _. A. Linda Hodgson B. Caryl Lewis C. Joanne Walton D. Sue Milroy6. Marks and Spencer is looking for a person who _. A. has secondary school experience B. can manage the staff members C. can develop new products D. has an eye for detail7. Which of the following position will offer training classes? A. Food section manager. B. Lunchtime assistant C. Teaching assistant. D. Shop assistant.8. Which of the following qualities/skills is not necessary for the position of the shop assistant? A. Friendliness. B. Teamwork. C. Organizational skills D. Language skills. CIn a recent news report, Atlantas city officials announced plans to carry out a long-standing teen curfew( 宵禁). “I want everyone in the City of Atlanta, espeacially our young people, to enjoy the summer months,” Mayor Kasim Reed said in the statement. “At the same time, it is vital that we keep everyone safe.”But Mike Males, a researcher with the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, said, “Theres almost no question that the laws arent effective in either reducing crime or preventing harm to youg people.”Curfews have been around for a long time. By the mid-1990s, the US Conference of Mayors found 70 percent of nearly 350 cities surveyed had some sort of nighttime curfew. The vast majority of cities considered the curfew effective.Males is one of the leading researchers in the effectiveness of teen curfews. In a widely referenced 1998 paper on the effect of curfews in California, Males and co-author Dan Macallair found curfews “had no obvious effect on youth crime” based on an analysis(分析) of cities carrying out the laws. Males research is supported by a popular survey of studies on curfews published in 2003 by criminal justice researcher kenneth Adams, who also found scant evidence that the laws accomplished(实现) what most people believed they did. But a more recent attempt to measure the effectiveness of curfews comes from University of California at Berkley economist Patrick Kline. With cuefews, Kline said the punishments for curfew-breakers result in a reduction in youth crime of up to 10 percent. Klines paper has been picked up across the country by curfew advocates(提倡), but Males said the study has clear shorcomings. For example, Kline does not compare cities that have curfews with similar cities without curfews to see whether crime is reduced generally. While Males and other researchers agree that curfews do not lower youth crime, they also admit their conclusion rest on just a few studies.9. What may Mike Males agree with? A. Teen curfews help reduce crime. B. Curfew-breakers should be punished. C. teen curfews arent as effective as expected. D. More studies should be carried out on teen curfews.10. The underlined word “scant” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _. A. direct B. clear C. little D. good11. According to the text, Males findings about teen curfews _. A. were published in 2003 B. were based on limited studies C. came after Klines D. received wide recognition12. The text is mainly about _. A. how to lower youth crime B. whether teen curfews are effective C. the importance of curfews D. recent studies about teen curfews Richard Wagner was a German musician who lived in the mid-19th century. He gained fame by writing operas, a form of performance combining singing, music on instruments, and drama.Wagners life and work have been very controversial(引起争议的). While he wrote excellent music, many people think his operas are too dark and serious, lacking the fun in most operas written before his time.Wagner, on the other hand, thought the opera of his time was too simple. He wanted to make opera a serious form of art that combined drama and music to tell deep stories that would have a strong effect on the audience.Some people thought Wagners new kind of music was too different from the operas they were used to hearing. Wagner agreed with them. In fact, he didnt call his works “operas” at all, but used a German word that means “musical festival” or “musical play”.While many people today do not like Wagners operas, they cannot deny that Wagner has had a lot of influence on opera as a form of art. Wagner invented the tradition of turning off the lights before actors playing. He also was the first person to make the whole audience sit down for an entire play. Today, almost all operas are performed in this manner.Wagner as a man was even more controversial than Wagner as a writer of music. He hated Jewish (犹太) people, cheated his friends in business deals, and made many peple angry lots of things we would today think of as evil. Some would say he was a good musician, while others hold that he was a bad musician. But it would be difficult to say he was not an important person in music and in the world.9. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage? A. Richard Wagner is not worth talking about. B. Richard Wagner was an evil man. C. Richard Wagner wrote operas. D. Richard Wagner bears different comments.10. Which of the following uses the word “deep” in the same sense as used at the end of paragraph 3 ? A. The ocean is very deep. B. He has a very deep and encouraging voice. C. It is not easy to tell the meaning of this poem, because the poet is very deep. D. We had the deep problem settled last week.11. Which of the following is not a way in which Wagners works were different from normal operas before his time? A. Wagner called his works “Musical Festival”. B. Wagner combi