初高中英语过渡 语音知识.doc

张家界市一中初高中英语衔接教材之语音篇第一章 语音知识【语音学习要点：】1. 字母：语言书写形式的最小单位。英语中有26个字母，其中元音字母有a, e, i（y）, o, u。2. 音素：字母(组合)的语音形式。英语中有48个音素。3. 音标：音素的书写符号。国际音标共有48个，其中元音20个，辅音28个。4. 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap-ple, stu-dent, tea-cher, un-der-stand。5. 开音节：1) 相对开音节：以辅音字母加不发音的e结尾的音节【（辅音+）元音+辅音+不发音的e】。如name, bike, home.2) 绝对开音节：以元音字母结尾的音节【辅音+元音】。如：he, go, hi.6. 闭音节： 单个元音字母后面有辅音字母组成（r w y 除外），且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。1) 元音+辅音2) 元音+辅音+辅音7. 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。一、 音标：英语的音标共有48个，分为元音和辅音:元音分类表单元音短元音 e 长元音i: u: : : : 双 元 音e a a e 辅音分类表成对辅音清辅音p t k f s ts tr t 浊辅音b d g v z dz dr d 其它辅音h m n l r w j Front vowels：i: 发音字母:ee ea e ie ei 1. be me we he she eat beat please teacher tea meal see feel free tree three piece receive2.New wordsbreeze /bri:z/ n.微风 tease/ti:z/ v 逗弄 weave/wi:v/ v.编织 feed/fi:d/v. 吃草fleece/fli:s/n.羊毛 asleep/sli:p/ad.入睡 toss/ts/ v.摇摆3. See the breeze teasing the tree, Weaving the leaves or shaking them free, Toss the fleece of sheep, that keep On peacefully feeding, half asleep. 发音字母: i y e1. sit fit big pick give miss ill fill think rich which many twenty happy dictionary decide delicious2.New words tick/tk/v.（钟表）滴答 glide/glad/ v.消逝 weeds/wi:dz/ n.杂草 slip/slp/ v.滑过，溜过 swiftly/swftl / ad.快，迅速3. “Tick”the clock says, “tick,tick,tick!” What you have to do, do quick;Time is gliding fast away.For motherland let us do our bit. e 发音字母: ea e a ie1.get yet wet neck bed beg ten tell best next head bread sweater breakfast heavy pleasure many any friend 2.New wordssection/sekn/n.部分 fellow/fel/ n.伙伴 connect/knekt/ v.连 accept/ksept/v.接受3. Good better, best, Never let it rest; Till good is better, And better best. 发音字母: a1. cap map fat had hat mad lack back catch man ran bank act fact hand 2.New words rattle/rtl/ v.（车辆）疾驰时发出的轮子的响声 crackle/krkl/n.噼啪声 sparks/sp:ks/n.火花 clang/kl/v.叮当声3. I met a little boy Jack Who came from a northen land. I couldnt speak his language, But I took him by the hand.Back vowels: 发音字母: ar a1. art hard arm march party after army market fast last chance class glass2. New wordstwinkle/twkl/v.闪烁 wonder/wnd/v.对感到好奇 diamond/damnd/n.钻石 harbour/h:b/n.港口 starry/st:r/a.多星的 barge/b: d/n.大平底船3. Twinkle, twinkle, little starHow I wonder what you are!Up above the world so high,Like a diamond in the sky;Twinkle, twinkle, little starHow I wonder what you are! 发音字母: o a1. top shop lock god hot rock cost long lost body copy sorry soft want what wash watch2. New words froggy-boggy/frgbg/n.青蛙（儿语） rock/rk/n.岩石 shock/k/n.震惊，吓了一跳 pond/pnd/n.池塘 plop/plp/n.扑通一声（入水声）3. froggy-boggy sat on a rock; froggy-boggy had a great shock! froggy-boggy fell off the top; into the pond he fell with a plop.: 发音字母: al ar au aw or our oor 1. talk wall hall always warm quarter daughter autumn saw law short horse for forty sport door floor store four your door floor 2. New wordscrawl/kr:l/v.爬 soar/s:/v.高飞 broad/br:d/a.魁梧的（指体格）3. Good morning to all who walk Good morning to all who crawl Good morning to all who soar Or swim, Good morning I call To broad and small,to short and tall. Good morning, good morning to all. 发音字母: oo ou u o1. foot good wood cook look book took should could would push bush pull full put woman wolf2. New words noon/nu:n/n. 中午 pool/pu:l/n.池子 cool/ku:l/a.凉快 wood/wd/n.森林 crooked/krkid/a. 弯曲的 cuckoo/kku:/n.布谷鸟4. At noon I took a bookAnd sat by the pool in the wood,And put my foot in the pool.Oh, how cool!u: 发音字母: oo o ou u 1. do lose shoe who food fool too tooth choose soon group you duty music rule truth blue true 2. New wordsdroop/dru:p/v.下垂，低垂 croon/kru:n/v.低唱gloom/glu:m/n.阴暗处 troop/tru:p/v.列队前进central vowels 发音字母: u o ou oo 1. up cup gun fun such come does some one other dozen colour cover none money honey double trouble southern blood flood2. New words mutter/mt/n.火车开时发出的声音 grumble/grmbl/n. 火车开过时发出的声音 thunder/nd/n. 雷鸣 tunnel/tnl/n.地道，隧道 rumble/rmbl/n.隆隆响声3.There is a mutter and grumble in the ground When thundering comes the rain; Then into the tunnel it rumbles on And another comes thundering again.: 发音字母:ir ur ear er or1. first sir bird third birth shirt word worst early year heard search her term church fur hurt nurse2. New wordsworm/w:m/n.虫，蚯蚓 squirm/skw:m/n.蠕动 earth/:/n.泥，土 murmur/m:m/n.低声 chip/t:p/n. 鸟叫声3. Worms squirm in the earthWhen first is heardThe murmur and chipOf the early bird. 发音字母: er or o a e ur ure1. ago among above agree ahead asleep assist attack fever teacher worker doctor actor forgettogether tomorrow today welcome policeman student children open different Saturday picture2.New words butter/bt/n.黄油 sugar/ug/n.糖 flour/fla/n. 面粉 beat/bi:t/v.打，搅拌 bake/bek/v.烤，烘 oven/vn/n.烤炉3.Butter and sugar and eggs and flour,Beat them again for half an hour,Bake the cake for an hour or more,But you never must open the oven door.Diphthongs e 发音字母: a ay ai ei ey ea1. date made take same change pay day way wait rain paint eight weight they grey great break2.New words labour/leb/n.劳动力 sake/sek/n.原因 spade/sped/n.铲 parade/pred/v.游行 shake/ek/v.摇晃 case/kes/n.情况，案列3. Rain, rain, go away,Come again another day,Little Johnny wants to play. 发音字母: o ow oa1. go so no hope old cold told sold wrote below known low show row soap boat coat though2. New wordsrose/rz/n.玫瑰花 closed/klzd/a.关闭的 frozen/frzn/a.冰冻的golden/gldn/a.金色的 glow/gl/v.发光3. Show me where those roses grow,Closed and cold as frozen snow,Or slowly opening wide, and showing,How their golden hearts are glowing.a 发音字母: i y igh1. wide life size kind find while try fly type why high fight light might tie die lie eye buy2. New words pike/pak/n. 矛头 mike/mak/n.话筒 tide/tad/n. 潮 iron/an/n.铁 strike/strak/v. 罢工，打，击 invite/ nvat/v.邀请wind/wand/ my string/str/收下放风筝用的线guide/gad/ you down for the night 把你收起来过夜3. Fly kite, high in the sky,Bright in the shining light;Then Ill wind my string, and try to guideYou nicely down for the nigh.a 发音字母: ou ow1. now out mouth south sound about around house loud cow brown town down tower power 2. New wordscow/ka/n.奶牛 bow/ba/v.鞠躬 brown/bran/a.棕色的 gown/gan/n.长袍 plough/pla/v.耕地3. Cow, cow, Friendly and brown, Let down your milk, For the hungry town. 发音字母:oy oi1. boy toy joy destroyed voice noise soil choice coin join boil 2. New words spoil/spl/v. 损坏 loyal/ll/a. 忠诚的 oyster/st/n. 牡蛎 toil/tl/n.辛苦3. Oh joy, oh joy,A child with his toy, Shouting at the top of his voice, Making such a terrible noise, Oh joy,oh joy 发音字母: eer ear ere1. beer deer ear tear dear fear cheer near hear clear really idea here merely 2. New wordssphere/sf/n. 领域 superior/sju:pr/a.优越的sincere/sns/a.真诚的 mysterious/mstrs/a.神秘的e 发音字母:ear air are ere eir1. air chair pair hair fair bear pear tear wear dare care share spare there where their theirs2. New wordsmare/me/n.母马 mayor/me/n.市长 bear/be/n.熊 fair/fe/n.市场，集市 square/skwe/n.广场3. On a mare goes the mayor,To the fair at the square,Prepared to buy a little bear,That will sit on his fair chair. 发音字母: ure1. sure pure cure poor tour2. New wordsfurious/fjrs/a.激烈的 tourist/trst/n.旅游者 rural/rrl/a.农村的curious/kjrs/a.好奇的 fury/fjr/n.狂怒 obscure/bskj/a.含糊的 ConsonantsThe stop consonants/p,b/1./p/ pick park peace pool pay put pull top shop hope /b/bit big bell but bike book bill bark bought web rob /p-b/对比 pea-be park-bark rip-rib cup-cub2.New wordsskip/skp/v. 跳（绳） rope/rp/n.绳 plenty/plent/a. 很多的 blouse/blaz/n.女衬衣 trip/trp/v. 绊倒 hop/hp/v. 跳3. Skip, skip,Jump the rope;Plenty of people trip;But we hop and play,And jump all day,So skip, skip, skip!/t, d/1./t/ tea tip tell tap top took tool turn take time town taught/d/ deep dip dark dog hid food good paid die read date /t-d/对比 bet-bed late-laid set-sad sight-side feet-feed2.New words daffy-down-dilly/df dandl/n.花名 dance/d:ns/v.跳舞 dewy/dju: /a.带露水的 dawn/d:n/n.黎明3.Feet, take me east, Feet, take me west; Feet, take home again, To tea and let me rest./k, g/1./k/ key king kept cat can cost could come kind cold seek/g/ go get got gas god gun pig beg dog guide girl gate/k-g/对比 pig-pick bag-back dog-dock log-lock 2.New wordsbouquet/bke /n.花束 dig/dg/v.挖掘 disgraceful/dsgresfl/a.丢人 beg pardon/begp:dn/对不起 maam/mm/n.夫人3.Where are you going, big pig, big pig? Im going to dig in the garden. In the garden to dig! Disgraceful pig! Beg pardon, maam, beg pardon.The friction consonants1./f, v/1./f/ feet fit felt fat farm fond form few fun leaf half left/v/ vast vote very voice view leave live seven have love/f-v/对比 leave-leaf save-safe live-life vast-fast2.New words puff/pf/v. 吹，喷 fluff/flf/n.绒毛 feather/fe/n.羽毛 violet/valt/n.紫罗兰 valley/vl/n.山谷 hill/hl/n.小山3. Puff,puff,And fly, feather, fly;Puff, puff,Thats enough-Its far, far off in the sky./, /1./ theme thin thing thank thought third / / the this they that those than breathe/- /对比breath-breathe worth-worthy north-northern 2.New words thread/red/n.线 thick/k/a.粗 thin/n/a.细 thimble/mbl/n.顶针 faithful/feful/a.忠实的 mirth/m:/n.欢乐3. My thread is too thick! My thread is too thin! So this is the thing well do; We both will ask Mother To give us another, And with it a thimble tool!/s, z/1./s/ seat sit sat soft side this cost pass rest gas house rice/z/ zoo zero lose his as has was rise rose boys /s-z/ 对比 loose-lose race-raise ass（驴）-as2.New words slid/sld/v. 滑过 hiss/hs/v.嘶嘶作响 strike/strak/v. 打击 miss/ms/v.错过，未打中 sway/swe/v.摇摆 swift/swft/a.迅速 slither/sl/v. 滑动 doze/dz/v.打盹儿3. Did you see the snake as it slid through the grass? Yes, yes, we saw it pass. Did you see it suddenly stop and hiss and strike? Yes, we saw it miss, And strike once more, And the grasses sway, As swift and silent it slithered away./ , /1./ / sheep ship shall sharp shock short shame wish push / decision treasure garage measure pleasure2.New words bowl/bl/n. 碗 hash/h/n.回锅肉丁 treasure/tre/n.财富 cherry/ter/n.樱桃 azure/a.碧蓝的 cheeks/ti:ks/n.两颊/h/ 1. he hill hit help hat half hard hot hall hurry huge home high 2. New wordshook/huk/n. 钩 vehicle/vi:kl/n.交通工具 heir/e/n. 继承人 hail/hel/v.招呼3. Heigh-ho, here we go,Half way down the hillHeigh-ho, here we got!He may come who will./r/1. read red rest rat room rude run rain right wrong round 2. New wordsride/rad/v. 骑 bride/brad/n.新娘 ribbon/rbn/ n.缎带 frill/frl/n.花边Ray-Rice/reras/人名3. Lets ride to the bride!What shall we carry?Ribbons and frillsFor her dress when shell marry.The affricate consonants/t, d/1./ t/ cheap chest chat choose church choice chair reach/d/ jeep judge edge join June bridge joke large2. New wordschuck/tk/v.（母鸡等）咯咯的叫 hatch/h t/v.孵出 batch/bt/n.一批，一窝 cheep/ ti:p/v.吱吱的叫 chick/ tk/n,小鸡 hedge/hed/n.围篱3. Chuck！Chuck！Chuck！ Ive hatched a little duck, And such a batch of cheeping chicks, Chuck！Chuck！Chuck！/ tr , dr/1. /tr/ tree treat true try trick train /dr/ dry drink dream drive drop drown 2. New wordsdroop/dru:p/v.低垂，下垂 dove/dv/n.鸽子 croon/kru:n/v.低声歌唱 gloom/glu:m/阴暗处/ts, dz/1./ts/ beats seats sheets lets gets fits bits hats cats /dz/ reads beds adds birds cards guards gods words2. New words gift/gft/n.礼物 raft/r:ft/n.木筏 shift/ ft/v.更换（方向） tide/tad/n.潮水3. Gifts, gifts, gifts!Rafts of gifts!Gifts from you and me.The wind shifts.The tide lifts.The nasal consonants/m/ 1. meet mix men man must may my mouth team tom warm2. New wordsmotor/mt/n.机动车 hum/hm/v发嗡嗡声，哼哼声 make room 让路3. My motor is humming,Im coming, Im coming,Make room, make room! Not a minute to wait, Im late, Im late, Make room, make room, make room!/n/1. need next not north new nurse night noise note near 2. New wordsnail/nel/n.钉子 needle/ni:dl/n.针 nasty/n:st/a.讨厌的 noun/nan/n.名词3. Now run in the rainAnd now in the sunAgain an again-Oh, isnt it fun!/ /1. sing ring king thing song hang 2. New wordsding-dong/dd/n. 叮当声 ting-a-ling/t l/n. 丁丁声 bell/bel/n.铃3. Ding-dong! Ting-a-ling!What do you bring?Songs for singing, bells for ringing,These things I bring.The lateral consonants/l/1. leave let led lamp large lock look love learn line meal milk bell call pull built help child2. New wordslight/lat/v.点亮 lift/lft/v.举起，打开 latch/l t/n.门闩 lady/led/n.女士，小姐3. Light the lampAnd lift the latchAnd look at the lovely lady!Is she little? Or is she tall?Oh, lets not tellFor after allShes only a lovely lady./w/1. week wait went want water wood work wide wound2. New wordswaddle/wdl/v. 摇摆而行 swsh/sw/v.沙沙作响 quack/kwk/v.（鸭子）叫3. We waddle a way from the water, And now we will waddle back; Then swish, swish, we are swimming again, Quack! Quack! Quack!/j/1. yes yet yard you youth young year yellow 2. New wordsorchard/: td/n.果 yield/ji:ld/n.果实(收成) beyond/bi:jnd/ad.在远处corn/k:n/n.玉米 yard/j:d/n.院子 yawn/j:n/n.哈欠yap/jp/v.（狗）狂叫 yelp/jelp/v.（狗）叫3. When the orchard-yield will be gathered soon,And the fields beyond are yellow with corn,The dog in our yard awakes with a yawn,And yaps and yelps at the yellow moon.附：新旧英语国际音标对照表Vowels元音新i:e:u:旧i:ie:u:u:新:eaae旧:eiaiiuauiuConsonants辅音无变化pbtdkgfvszmnlrhwjtdtrdrtsdz二、读音规则1. 重读闭音节：重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音节结尾的而且是重读音节的音节。 重读闭音节三要素：1） 必须是重读音节；2） 最后只有一个辅音字母；3） 元音字母发短元音注意：重读闭音节变形时要双写. 如:sit-sitting begin-beginning2. 非重读音节 banana，student，today，after，i orange，secret，evening，very，Monday。3、特殊读音1）音的连读：在一个短语或句子中，如果相邻俩词的关系密切，而前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如：not at all； half an hour； after all； This is a tube； There is an English book on that desk. 。 2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。爆破音并不是完全失去，仍然形成阻碍，把气流堵在里面，但不爆破，直接发出相邻的辅音。例如：good girl，good student，good job，expression，school，extreme。3）音的同化：音的同化也是一种连读的现象，两个词之间非常平滑的过渡，导致一个音受临音影响而变化。主要是以下三种方式：（1） 辅音d与j相邻时，被同化为d：Would you do it?（2） 辅音t与j相邻时，被同化为t： last year; Glad to meet you！（3） 辅音s与j相邻时, 被同化为：this year ; Miss you. 4) 音的浊化（1）s 后面的清辅音要浊化。如：discussion：k 浊化成 g ；stand：t 浊化成d；expression： p浊化成b（2）美音中：美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事，习惯清音浊化，尤其是t在单词的中间一定会浊化成d。如：writer听起来和 rider 的发音几乎没有区别；letterladder ； out of4、重音1)单词重音 双音节词 一般在第一个音节重读。letter，sorry。 有 a-，be-，de-，re-，res-，in-，im-，en-，em-，es-，ex-，con-，com-，dis-，mis-，pre-，per-，pro-，trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。about，believe，address，decide，report，condemn，respect，compare，inform，discuss，impress，mistake，enforce，prepare，employ，permit，escape，produce，exclaim，translate。 有 de-，in-，re-，con-，pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。record，record; insult，insult; conduct，conduct; present，present; content，content。 有些复合词和带有前缀 re-，e