一般现在时复习教育信息.doc

本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：语法专项：时态总结 在初一阶段，我们学习了一般现在时，一般过去时和现在进行时。本期，我们就为同学们讲解一般现在时。一. 一般现在时 1. be动词的现在时 be动词的句型如下： 肯定句：主语be动词 否定句：主语be动词not 疑问句：Be动词主语？ 主语与be动词She is my classmate. 她是我的同学。We are classmates. 我们是同班同学。be动词的现在式有am，are，is三种，分别接在不同人称的主语之后。下面，我们用表格来表示：Mary is a student. 玛丽是一名学生。He is at school. 他在学校。be动词现在时的否定句be动词（现在时）否定句的结构，如下面例句，只要在be动词am，are，is的后面加not即可，其句型是：主语be动词notI am not a teacher. 我不是一个老师。肯定句：It is a book. 它是一本书。否定句：It is not a book. 它不是一本书。缩写式：It isnt a book.肯定句：You are a student. 你是一个学生。否定句：You are not a student. 你不是一个学生。缩写式：You arent a student.肯定句：I am a student. 我是一个学生。否定句：I am not a student. 我不是一个学生。缩写式：Im not a student. （Im读作aim）切记：be动词否定句的缩写方式is not的缩写是isnt，读作5iznt。are not的缩写是arent，读作a:nt。缩写记号，要放在被省略的字上方。I am 的否定句是I am not ，缩写为Im not ，am not不能缩写在一起。be动词现在时的疑问句Are you a nurse? 你是一位护士吗？Are you from China? 你来自中国吗？A：be动词现在时的一般疑问句be动词（现在时）疑问句的句型是把be动词调到主语前面，即“Be动词主语？”。肯定句：You are a student. 你是一个学生。疑问句：Are you a student? 你是一个学生吗？B：一般疑问句的回答方式a. 在回答由be动词构成的疑问句时，要用Yes或No，句型如下：是 Yes，主语be动词。否 No，主语be动词not。A：Are you a student? 你是一个学生吗？B：Yes, I am. 是的，我是。A：Is your book on the table? 你的书在桌子上吗？B：No, it isnt. 不，它不在。b. 在回答的句子中，主语必须是代词。A：Is John a student? 约翰是一个学生吗？B：Yes, he is. 是的，他是。A：Is Mary a nurse? 玛丽是一个护士吗？B：Yes, she is. 是的，她是。C. be动词现在时的特殊疑问句用What和Who等疑问词和be动词构成的问句称特殊疑问句。What用在问句“是什么？”，Who用在问句“是谁？”。What和Who的句型是：句型：What/ Who be动词主语？A: What is this? 这是什么？B: It is a table. 它是一张桌子。A: What are they? 他们是干什么的？B: They are workers. 他们是工人。A: Who is he? 他是谁？B: He is John. 他是约翰。 2. 一般动词的现在时除了be动词（am, are, is）、助动词、情态动词以外的动词全部称为一般动词。在一般动词的句型中，第三人称单数时的动词变化要特别注意。一般动词现在时的否定句和疑问句要加do/ does，这和be动词是不同的。一般现在时的句型如下： 肯定句：主语动词 主语（除第三人称单数外）动词否定句：主语do not (=dont) 动词主语（第三人称单数）does not（=doesnt）动词疑问句：Do 主语动词？Does 主语（第三人称单数）动词？主语与一般动词I play baseball every Sunday. 我每个星期日都打棒球。I like to swim on Saturday. 我喜欢周六游泳。A：主语为第一、二人称及所有复数形式时主语为第一人称I及第二人称you，以及复数时，一般动词仍保持原形。I go to school every day. 我每天去上学。You go to school every day. 你每天去上学。They go to school every day. 他们每天去上学。B：主语为第三人称单数时一般动词像play, like, go等是一般动词的现在式，当主语为第三人称单数，字尾要加-s，-es，形成plays, likes, goes。a. 词尾加-s（1）一般动词在词尾加-s，s在清辅音后读s，在浊辅音或元音后读z。help帮助helps helps make做makes meiksswim游泳swims swimz leave离开leaves li:vzknow知道knows play游戏plays pleiz（2）一般动词在词尾加-s，在t后读ts，在d后读dz。get得到gets gets ride骑，乘rides raidzb. 词尾加-es（1）以字母s/ x/ ch/ sh结尾的动词加-es，es读iz。guess猜测guesses 5gesiz fix固定fixes5fiksizteach教导teaches wash洗washes （2）以o结尾的动词也加es，读z。go走goes do做does c. 词尾去y为i，再加-es以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es，es读z。fly飞flies flaiz carry携带carries study学习studies C：have和has当主语为第三人称单数时，动词have须改为has，其意思可译为“有、吃、开（会）”。I dont have lessons on Saturday. 星期六我没有课。What do you have for dinner? 你晚餐要吃什么？She has brown hair. 她有一头褐色的头发。This room has five windows. 这房间有五扇窗户。2. 一般动词现在时的否定句I dont watch TV at home. 我在家不看电视。He doesnt study hard. 他不用功学习。一般动词现在时的肯定句和否定句，请参看下列表格： A：一般动词现在时否定句的结构是在动词的前面加do not或does not。（1）do not动词（主语为I，You及复数时，缩写为dont。）（2）does not动词（主语为第三人称单数时，缩写为doesnt。）B：be动词和一般动词否定句的比较（1）be动词的否定句She is a nurse. 她是一位护士。She is not a nurse. 她不是一位护士。（2）一般动词的否定句I go to school every day. 我每天去上学。I dont go to school every day. 我没有每天都去上学。She likes English. 她喜欢英语。She doesnt like English. 她不喜欢英语。3. 一般动词现在时的疑问句Do you go to school today? 你今天去上学吗？What time do you usually get up?你通常几点起床？一般动词现在时的疑问句和简略答语，请参看下列表格：A：一般疑问句的结构（1）一般疑问句是把do或does移到句首，即句型：Do/ Does主语原形动词？Do you have an examination in English? 你有一个英文考试吗？Does he walk to school? 他走路上学吗？说明：do和does用于一般动词的否定句和疑问句中，称为助动词。（2）have/ has在表示“所有”时，变为否定句时，可直接在have/ has后加not；变成疑问句时可直接把have/ has放在句首。当have/ has不表示“所有”意思时，只能借助助动词do/ does来改成否定句和疑问句。He has two books. 他有两本书。He has not (=hasnt=doesnt have) two books. （否定句）补充：have=have got拥有He has got two books. 他有两本书。I have not got any money. 我没有钱。（）Have you classes every day?（）Do you have classes every day?你每天都上学吗？He has a meeting every week. 他每周开一次会。Does he have a meeting every week?（疑问句）He doesnt have a meeting every week. （否定句）B：特殊疑问句的结构句型：疑问词一般疑问句？Where do you live? 你住在哪儿？Do you live here? 你住在这儿？How does he go to school? 他怎么上学？Does he go to school by bus? 他是坐公共汽车上学吗？When does Li Ming do his homework every day? 李明每天什么时候做作业？注意：特殊疑问句只须将疑问词放在句首，后面仍用倒装句语序。如果对主语提问，则是：“疑问词谓语其它成分？”Who looks after the baby? 主语 谓语 谁照看这个婴儿？C：be动词疑问句和一般动词疑问句的比较a. be动词的疑问句Are you a student? 你是学生吗？Is she a teacher? 她是老师吗？b. 一般动词的疑问句Do you live in Beijing? 你住在北京吗？Does he understand it? 他听懂了吗？D：疑问句的回答方式Do/ Does ?是 Yes, 主语do/ does.否 No, 主语do not/ does not.A: Do you live near our school? 你住在我们学校附近吗？B: Yes, I do. 是的，我是。A: Does he play baseball? 他打棒球吗？B: No, he doesnt. 不，他不打。A: Where does her father work? 她父亲在哪儿工作？ B: He works in an iron factory. 他在一家铁厂工作。说明：把肯定句改为一般疑问句的思考步骤先判断主语是第三人称单数或是其他情形。如果主语不是第三人称单数，就使用Do，然后在句尾加“？”。You play the piano. Do you play the piano?如果主语是第三人称单数，就使用Does。She plays the piano. Does she play the piano? 3. 一般现在时的基本用法 A：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态 常常和always（总是），usually（通常），often（经常），sometimes（有时），every day（每天），every week（每周）等表示时间的状语连用。She is often late. 她常常迟到。He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。Do you drive? 你开车吗？He teaches English. 他教英语。B：表示普遍真理和特征由于这种普遍真理是众所周知的客观事实，所以用一般现在时陈述，而且一般不用时间状语。The earth is round. 地球是圆的。Birds fly in the sky. 鸟儿在空中飞翔。The sun is bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大。C：有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时表示I want your help. 我需要你的帮助。I dont think you are right. 我以为你错了。Does it (your leg) hurt? （你的腿）疼吗？必背：表示心理状态和感情的动词wonder想知道 suppose猜想 love热爱like喜欢 prefer宁愿；较喜欢 forget忘记believe相信 hope希望 agree同意doubt怀疑 remember记住 know知道下面的一些系动词一般不用进行时，而用一般现在时，例如：look看上去 sound听起来 smell闻起来seem似乎 appear显得 belong to属于 equal等于但feel（感觉、觉得）例外，它常用于进行时。He is feeling better today. 今天他觉得好多了。D：在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Summer Palace.如果明天不下雨，我们去颐和园。When he gets to the village, he will write to me. 他到村里后就写信给我。E：表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作主要用于come, go, start, begin, leave, return, stop等瞬间动词，句中常有表示将来时间的状语。The train leaves at seven and arrives in New York at three tomorrow morning.火车7点出发，将于明天凌晨3点到达纽约。Next week they leave for Shanghai. 下周他们动身去上海。Our holidays begin in a week. 一周后，我们的假期开始。The plane takes off at two this afternoon. 飞机将于今天下午两点起飞。【模拟试题】（答题时间：80分钟）一. Write these verbs - +s or es. 将下列动词变为单三形式。 1. (read) she reads 2. (think) he _ 3. (fly) it _ 4. (dance) he _ 5. (have) she _ 6. (finish) it _二. Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use these verbs: 用所给动词描述图中的人物。 eat go live play play sleep 1. He plays the piano. 2. They _ in a very big house. 3. _ a lot of fruit. 4. _ tennis. 5. _ to the cinema a lot. 6. _ eight hours a night.三. complete the sentences. Use these verbs: 用所给动词完成句子。boil close cost cost like like meet open speak teach wash 1. Margaret speaks four languages. 2. In Britain the banks usually _ at 9:30 in the morning. 3. The City Museum _ at 5 oclock in the evening. 4. Tina is a teacher. She _ mathematics to young children. 5. My job is very interesting. I _ a lot of people. 6. Peter _ his hair twice a week. 7. Food is expensive. It _ a lot of money. 8. Shoes are expensive. They _ a lot of money. 9. Water _ at 100 degrees Celsius. 10. Julia and I are good friends. I _ her and she _ me.四. Write sentences from these words. Put the verb in the right form (arrive or arrives etc.)连词成句，将动词变为适当形式。 1. (always/ early/ Sue/ arrive) Sue always arrives early. 2. (basketball/ I/ play/ often) I _ 3. (work/ Margaret/ hard/ usually) _ 4. (Jenny/ always/ nice clothes/ wear) _ 5. (dinner/ we/ have/ always/ at 7:30) _ 6. (television/ Tim/ watch/ never) _ 7. (like/ chocolate/ children/ usually) _ 8. (Julia/ parties/ enjoy/ always) _五. Write sentences about yourself. Use always/ never/ often/ sometimes/ usually.用always/ never/ often/ sometimes/ usually写句子描述自己。 1. (watch television) I never watch television./ I usually watch television in the evening. (etc.) 2. (read in bed) I _ 3. (get up before 7 oclock) _ 4. (go to work/ school by bus) _ 5. (drink coffee) _六. Write the negative. 写否定句。 1. I play the piano very well. I dont play the piano very well. 2. Jane plays the piano very well. Jane _ 3. They know my phone number. _ 4. We work very hard. _ 5. He has a bath every day. _ 6. You do the same thing every day. _七. Study the information and write sentences with like 根据所给信息用like造句。 1. Bill and Rose like classical music.Carol _I _ classical music. 2. Bill and Rose _Carol _I _ 3. _八. Write about yourself. Use: I never or I often or I dont very often. 用所给句型写出关于自己的句子。 1. (watch TV) I dont watch TV very often. (OR I never OR I often ) 2. (go to the theatre) _ 3. (ride a bicycle) _ 4. (eat in restaurants) _ 5. (travel by train) _九. Complete the sentences. All of them are negative. Use dont/ doesnt + one of these verbs: 用dont/ doesnt和所给动词完成否定句。cost go know read see use wear 1. I buy a newspaper every day but sometimes I dont read it. 2. Paul has a car but he _ it very often. 3. They like films but they _ to the cinema very often. 4. Amanda is married but she _ a ring. 5. I _ much about politics. Im not interested in it. 6. Its not an expensive hotel. It _ much to stay there. 7. Brian lives near us but we _ him very often.十. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. 把所给动词变成适当形式。 1. Margaret speaks four languages English, French, German and Spanish. (speak) 2. I dont like my job. Its very boring. (like) 3. Wheres Martin? Im sorry. I _. (know) 4. Sue is a very quiet person. She _ very much. (talk) 5. Jim _ a lot of tea. Its his favourite drink. (drink) 6. Its not true! I _ it! (believe) 7. Thats a very beautiful picture. I _ it very much. (like) 8. Mark is a vegetarian. He _ meat. (eat)十一. Write questions with Do ? and Does ? 用Do和Does提问。 1. I like chocolate. And you? Do you like chocolate? 2. I play tennis. And you? _you _ 3. Tom plays tennis. And Ann? _ Ann _ 4. You live near here. And your friends? _ 5. You speak English. And your brother? _ 6. I do exercises every morning. And you? _ 7. Sue often goes away. And Paul? _ 8. I want to be famous. And you? _ 9. You work hard. And Linda? _十二. Write questions. Use the words in brackets () + do/ does. Put the words in the right order.用括号里的词连成问题，注意助动词do/ does. 1. (where/ live/ your parents?) Where do your parents live? 2. (you/ early/ always/ get up?) Do you always get up early? 3. (how often/ TV/ you/ watch?) _ 4. (you/ want/ what/ for dinner?) _ 5. (like/ you/ football?) _ 6. (your brother/ like/ football?) _ 7. (what/ you/ do/ in the evenings?) _ 8. (your sister/ work/ where?) _ 9. (to the cinema/ often/ you/ go?) _ 10. (what/ mean/ this word?) _ 11. (often/ snow/ it/ here?) _ 12. (go/ usually/ to bed/ what time/ you?) _ 13. (how much/ to phone New York/ it/ cost?) _ 14. (you/ for breakfast/ have/ usually/ what?) _十三. Complete the questions. Use these verbs: 用下列动词完成问题。 do do enjoy go like start teach work十四. Write short answers (Yes, he does. / No, I dont. etc). 写出简略回答。 1. Do you watch TV a lot ? No, I dont. OR Yes, I do. 2. Do you live in a big city ? _ 3. Do you often ride a bicycle? _ 4. Does it rain a lot where you live? _ 5. Do you play the piano? _【试题答案】一. 2. thinks 3. flies 4. dances 5. has 6. finishes二. 2. live 3. She eats 4. They play 5. They go 6. He sleeps三. 2. open 3. closes 4. teaches 5. meet 6. washes 7. costs 8. cost 9. boils 10. like likes四. 2. I often play basketball.3. Margaret usually works hard. 4. Jenny always wears nice clothes.5. We always have dinner at 7:30. 6. Tim never watches television.7. Children usually like chocolate.8. Julia always enjoys parties.五. Example answers: 2. I usually read in bed. 3. I often get up before 7 oclock. 4. I never go to work by bus. 5. I usually drink two cups of coffee in the morning.六. 2. Jane doesnt play the piano very well. 3. They dont know my phone number. 4. We dont work very hard. 5. He doesnt have a bath every day. 6. You dont do the same thing every day.七. 1. Carol doesnt like classical music.I like (or I dont like) classical music. 2. Bill and Rose dont like boxing. Carol l