新视野大学英语2综合训练15选10总结.doc

【综合训练15选10】【U10】Skillful熟练的，巧妙的occurred发生appropriate适当的，占用managed管理，负责satisfactory满意的，符合要求的conducted管理，引导threat威胁，恐吓attempted企图的hazard危险，冒险succeed成功，继任competitions比赛，竞争approached接近conflict冲突，矛盾applied应用，实施existed生存，存在Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war？ War is an ancient institution， which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish， but in the past human race managed to live with it. For the present， it is atomic bombs that cause the most serious danger， but bacteriological or chemical weapons may， before long， offer an even greater threat.It seems taht we will never succeed in getting rid of war. To do this， we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way， not as competitions of force.Attitudes must be changed so that victories arent achieved by the side which is most skillful in killing people， but according to agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits， but this is what must be attempted.Nuclear war must be avoid. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world， but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought， even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die， that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays can be solved though talks.【U9】genius天才，天赋hardship困难，苦难genuine真实的count计算，认为discouraged劝阻，气馁的converse交谈，相反的encourages鼓励pity怜悯，同情deserve应受，应得account解释，导致fulfill履行，实现contrary相反地acquire获得，取得while虽然，一会but 但是 Self-confidence gives us hope. It is a servant who gives its master light when he is in the dark. And it is encouragement when a person is discouraged. A person is a fool if he thinks that he is unable to carry out a difficult task while others do not find it difficult. It is neither genius nor extraordinary ability that gives us the power to deal with and overcome whatever hardship we meet. In truth it is the magic of self-trust that encourages us with bravery. Some people find most things impossible because they do not trust their own ability. Actually, they have the ability to make themselves successful, but it is a pity that they do not believe in themselves. People of this kind are more foolish than those who actually can not fulfill the work. This is on account of their ignorance. People who cant do a job are pardonable, but those who do not believe in themselves deserve no excuse. In short, success will not come to the door of a person who thinks he is not worthy enough to accept it. On the contrary , failure would be his life companion. This is why a person ought to believe in himself.【U8】powerfulrenderlimitemploymentdominantappointmentremovedcommunitysufferedconnectioneliminatedinteractionfustrateddisadvantageprovideEmployment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries began. It made many people dependent on paid jobs by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment .Eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage as men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community .Now,it becomes customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations limit more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffersd.As employment became the dominant form of work , young people and old people were not included.This is a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.【U7】stressretiredemandquitchallengeemploymentadvantagesentertainmentbenefitsfinancialadditionsuperficialconclusioncreativerelax Workaholism can be a serious problem. True workaholics(工作狂) would rather work than do anything else and they probably dont know how to relax. that is, they might not enjoy movies, sports, or other types of entertainment. Most of all, they hate to sit and do nothing. The lives of workaholics are usually stressful, and this tension and worry can cause health problems such as heart attacks or stomach ulcers. In addition, typical workaholics dont pay much attention to their families. They spend little time with their children, and their marriages may end in divorce.Is workaholism always dangerous? Perhaps not. There are, certainly, people who work well under stress. Some studies show that many workaholics have great energy and interest in life. Their work is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. For most workaholics, work and entertainment are the the same things. Their jobs provide them with a challenge. This keeps them busy and creative. Other people retire from work at age six-five. Workaholics, on the other hand, usually prefer not to quit working. They are still enthusiastic about work-and life-in their eighties and nineties.Why do workaholics enjoy their jobs so much? There are several advantages to work. Of course, it provides people with paychecks, and this is important. But it offers more than financial security. It provides people with self-confidence; they have a feeling of satisfaction when theyve produced a challenging piece of work.【U6】 extendinguntilsuicidedirectedsubstitutingspreadingintentionallyinformedcommunicatedunlesspointingconsciouslymeaningaccompanyingindicatingSome of the more obvious forms of nonverbal communication are gestures. Although we may think of them as mainly hand and arm movements, gestures can be communicated by other parts of the body as well. Emblems are one type of movements. Emblems do not need speech to communicate meaning. Putting the tip of an index finger on the tip of a thumb up with the remaining fingers pointing up and spreading out is an example of an emblem. This recognized sign for OK or success does not need any accompanying word to identify it. Emblems not only serve the substituting role in nonverbal communication but they also have direct translation. For example, a thumb-up sign means yes or go. A cupped hand behind the ear means I cant hear you. we dont walk around with our thumbs up or a hand cupped behind our ear. Unless we are sending a nonverbal message to someone. These messages are consciously sent and we must take responsibility for them. Nonverbal messages that have direct translation and exact meaning, which are directed at a specific receiver, and consciously sent, are emblems. Emblems are also different across cultures. In the United States, pointing your index finger at your temple with the thumb upright means shooting yourself in the head. In Japan, an emblem describing suicide is pushing a closed fist near your stomach to describe the plunge of a knife in your vital organs. 【U5】specifyappointmentdefinecampaignquitappliedretireclaimedkickcarried outbantake inforbidembraceinterview Job seekers are discovering that smoking can endanger their careers. Newspaper classified advertisements frequently specify that employers are looking for nonsmokers only. One of the first questions asked of the person who applicants for the job at Vanguard Electronic Tool in Redmond, Washington, is Do you smoke? If the answer is yes, the interview is over. That is perfectly legal. On the other hand, federal laws forbid an employer to discriminate on the basis of race, sex, religion, or marital status.Many smokers may secretly welcome the companys campaign against smoking., says Robert Rosner, executive director of the Seattle-based Smoking Policy Institute, a consulting firm that advises companies on how to formulate smoking policies. The fact is most smokers want to quit. Many of them embrace the new corporate activism as an incentive to give up tobacco once and for all. At Rhode Islands Newport Daily News, it was the smokers who voted to ban smoking from the workplaces.More and more companies have carried out restrictions on smoking.These companies are attempting to help their employees kick the habit. BMC Software, a Texas company that prohibits smoking on the job, has sent employees to anti-smoking hypnosis sessions. The five sessions cost employees $30, but if they stay off cigarettes for four months, the money will be refunded.【U4】acquiresignaledobtainrecognitionfulfillconflictscompareencountersmatchclosedeniedavailablegrantedappropriateadmitted One of the more important communicative tasks may confront a traveler. That is the recognition of when a speaker has said no. That is, one needs to be able to recognize that a respondent has refused or denied what the speaker has demanded, solicited, or offered. Equally, one needs to acquire the appropriate manner in which to respond in the negative when offered, solicited, or demanded something.It is granted that it is sometimes difficult to recognize a refusal in ones mother tongue where the answer might beunclear. However, in many encounters the meaning can be made clear. This is possible if one knows how to read the appropriate signals. A first task for the visitor abroad is to discover which forms are used to fulfill this function. If we compare form and function across cultures, it soon becomes clear that one form may be used to mean different things in another culture than in ones own. For example, in Turkish no is signaled by moving ones head backwards while rolling ones eyes upwards. However, to an American this movement is close to the signal used for saying yes. Further, in still other cultures, head shaking may have nothing to do with affirmation or negation. In parts of India, rolling the head slowly from side to side means something like Yes, go on, Im listening. Thus, as one goes from culture to culture, form and function may not match. If a foreigner wants to communicate appropriately, he must develop the competence of sending and receiving “no” messages.【U3】promiseperformedcommitmentassociatedreligionsreflectedindicationconsideredaccomplishedannouncingpurposerevealingintentiondatinginnocent A wedding is celebrated with some kind of ceremony almost everywhere in the world. The ceremony is different among different nations and different religions . But whatever form a marriage ceremony might take, it serves the important purpose of announcing to the community that a man and a woman have been joined in marriage. The wedding ceremony in the West may be a religious one performed by a clergyman, or a civil ceremony led by a civil official, such as a mayor or a judge. Or it may only be a couples declaration before witnesses of their intention to marry. Some young people nowadays choose their own marriage ceremony. Many of the customs associated with wedding ceremonies developed from wedding customs of the earliest times and came from many lands. The wearing of a bridal veil may have come from a superstition dating back to early Greek and Roman times. The veil is also believed to have been worn as a(n) intention of the brides status. She would wear it to show that she was innocent and pure. The wedding ring is the most widely used symbol of marriage today, as it has been for centuries. The word “wedding” comes from the old English word “wed”, which means “promise”. During Anglo-Saxon times a(n) promise to marry was made certain when the bridegroom-to-be gave his sweetheart a ring. The ring, a circle with no beginning or end, was considered a symbol of eternity, The third finger of the left hand was chosen as the ring finger because of the mistaken belief that a vein or nerve runs from the finger to the heart.【U2】competedchallengesmatchedconscienceallowedconvictiondisagreedathletedisturbedamateurdisgustedreligiouswedalmysteriousmodel Every sport has its great legends: soccer has Pele, basketball has Michael Jordan. Is there one athlete who people consider to be the best ever? Many would say that person is boxer Muhammad Ali, known to his many fans as the greatest.At the age of twelve, he began boxing; by the time he reached high school, he was a successful amateur(业余) boxer. After winning six state and two national boxing championships, he competed in the 1960 Olympic, where he won a gold medal. After the Olympic ,his success as a boxer continued.The man who called himself the greatest still faced many challenges, though. After winning his Olympic gold medal, he returned home to the United States. He was not allowed to stay in certain hotels or eat in certain restaurants because of the color of his skin. Ali was disgusted(反感) with racism in the U.S., so he threw his Olympic medal into a river.Ali surprised the world again in 1966, not for his boxing skills, but with his strong religious beliefs as a Muslim. He disagreed with the U.S. war in Vietnam and refused to join the army, which all young men in the U.S. had to do at the same time. As a result, Alis heavyweight title was taken away, and he faced great toubles with the law. After some time ,Alis won wide support from the public and from his countrys leders , who said that they admired him for acting according to his strong, moral conviction. No