高考英语 语法高考定语从句讲解.ppt

高考英语定语从句讲解课件 1 1983 thedoctor isleavingforafricanextmonth thenurseistalkingtohimwhomthenurseistalkingc thenursistalkingtod whothenurseistalking2 1985 hedidn tknowwhichroom a theylivedb theylivedinc didtheylived didtheylivein3 1992 inthedarkstreet therewasn tasingleperson shecouldturnforhelp a thatb whoc fromwhomd towhom 一 介词加关系代词 注意1 含介词的引导词 其介词可放在引导词whom which前或在从句原来的位置上 介词不提前 其在从句中作宾语的引导词who whom that which可省 但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开 如lookafter bemadeof takepartin lookforwardto等 例 thebabies who whom thenurseslookafterlookstrongandhappy 2 where at in to whichwhen at in on during whichwhy forwhich例 thisistheschoolwhere atwhichiusedtoteach theystoodatthewindow fromwheretheycouldseewhatwashappeninginthestreet whosebook thebookofwhich ofwhichthebook 二 在下列情况下只用that 不用which 先行词是all everything nothing anything little much theone等不定代词时thereisnothing that icando imeantheonethatwasbroughtyesterday 先行词被all any every no some little much等词修饰时ihavereadallthebooks that yougaveme youmaytakehomeanyofthesebooksthatyoulike 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时thisisthefirstcomposition that hehaswritteninenglish thisisthebestnovel that ihaveeverread 先行词被theonly thevery 正是 恰是 thesame thelast修饰时thewhitefloweristheonlyone that ireallylike thisistheverybook that iwanttofind thelastplace that wevisitedwasthehospital thisisthesamewatchthatilostyesterday 当先行词有两个或两个以上时 既有人又有物 定语从句用that引导 that既可指人也可指物 hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited that不能引导非限制性定语从句 that不能置于介词之后 介词后指物用which 指人用whom 关系代词作定语从句中系动词的表语时 或先行在主句中作表语whatgreatchanges itisnotthecity that itwastenyearsago 2 mostof which whom引导的定语从句属非限定性定语从句 从句前应有逗号与主句分开 除most外 还有many some any all none several few both half themajority anumber theyoungest three 数词 infrontof inthemiddleof atthebackof atthebottomof onthetopof atthefootof which等 例 heworksinamiddleschool infrontofwhichthereisariver 1 无关系代词that 只有whichwhowhom 三 在非限制性定语从句中 在非限制性定语从句中的as which 1 thesame as such as so as as as等结构中 只用asthisisnotsuchabookasiexpected iliveinthesamebuildingashe livesin hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift asmanychildrenascamehereweremyfather spupils 2 as的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如 1 ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述2 asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样3 asiswellknown众所周知4 aswasexpected正如预料的那样5 ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样6 asweallcansee正如我们都会看到的那样 3 as替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末 而which只能放句末 themandiedlastnight whichisalie 四 定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致 例如 1 herearesuchsentencesasareoftenusedbythestudents as指代sentences 谓语动词用are 2 i whoamapartymember shouldworkhardforourcountry who指代i 谓语用am 3 hewasoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedforit who指代thestudents 他是被表扬的学生之一 4 hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedforit who指theonlyone 他是唯一被表扬的学生 五 易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句1 定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系 的 而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容 与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词 如fact news belief truth reply等 that在定语从句中作成分 可用which或who whom代替 而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分 只起连接作用 试比较 weallhaveheardthenewsthatourteamwon 同位语从句 that从句表示news的内容 that在从句中不作任何成分 wedon tbelievethenewsthat whichhetoldusyesterday 定语从句 that作told的宾语 2 定语从句与状语从句 试比较 heleftthekeywherehehadbeenanhourbefore where引导地点状语从句 相当于intheplacewhere helefttheplacewherehelivedformanyyears where引导定语从句 修饰theplace heissuchagoodteacherasallofusloveandrespect as引导定语从句 heissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim that引导结果状语从句 such that 如此 以致 3 定语从句与主语从句 试比较 asisknowntousall paperwasfirstmadeinchina as引导定语从句 指代整个主句内容 可置于句首 itisknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinchina it做形式主语 代替that引导的主语从句 4 定语从句与强调结构 试比较 itisthehousewhereimettheyoungman where引导定语从句 修饰house where在定语从句中作地点状语 itwasinthehousethatimettheyoungman 本句为强调结构 可还原为imettheyoungmaninthehouse 1 itistheyoungman lookedfor caughtthemurderer a that whob that theyc they thatdthey which 2 isthisfactory wevisitedlastyear a wherebinwhichctheonedatwhich 3 thebook thecover isbroken isnotmine a ofitbforcwhosedofwhich 4 thisismrsmith ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou a whobwhomc thatd x 5 who hasseenthetvfilmdoesn tadmireit a thatbwhocwhichdas分析 先行词是who 到是指人 可为了避免重复 不用who 而用能指代人的that 答案是a 7 thisisthelasttime ishallgiveyoualesson a whenbthatcwhichdinwhich分析 答案是b 这里的time不指时间 而是次数 且先行词time被thelast所修饰 所以用that引导 8 idon tliketheway youlaughather a thatbonwhichcwhichdas 9 haveplentyofmoneywillhelptheirfriend a thosewhob hewhoc thatwhod youwho 10 ishallneverforgetthoseyears ilivedinthefarm youvisitedlastweek a when whereb which whichc when whichd which where 6 youcanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleihavehad thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound a treatb totreatctreatingdtreated注 havetrouble difficult doingsth 六 定语从句可缩略为短语 1 缩略为分词短语有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词 who which 例如 iknowthemen whoare sittinginthatcar ime2 theboyshelpedthepeople thatwere hurtintheaccident ib 3 theproblem whichis botheringeverybodyisthelackofmoney ib 4 thebook thathasbeen giventohimisanenglishnovel nec 语小说 有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略 而需变动词为这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语 且在缩略时要考虑现在分词的时态和词态特征 例如 5 themanwhoownsthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking themanowningthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking 6 bill whohadtakenchemistryinhighschool offeredtohelphim bill havingtakenchemistryinhighschool offeredtohelphim 7 now however thefurniturewhichtheyarecarryingdowntothetruckfeelsveryheavy now however thefurniturebeingcarrieddowntothetruckfeelsveryheavy 2 缩略为形容词短语若定词从句为主体表结构 且表语由形容短词充当 可直接略去作主词的关系代词和连系动词 从而使定词从句缩略为形容词短语作后置定语 例如 themen whowere responsiblefortheadministrationoftheschoolrefusedtoconsiderthematter 2 wesaidgoodbyetomrs long whowas stillbusyatherchores 3 thepuppy whichwas tooexcitedtobecalmed barkedfuriously 3 缩略为名词短语由名词短语作表语的非限制性定语从句略去作主语的关系代词和连系动词便成为名词短语作同位语 例如 1 thecompanycommander whowas captainmadison assembledhismenandannouncedtheirmission 连长 墨迪逊上尉 把战士们集合起来宣布他们的战斗任务 2 youshouldhaveatalkwithmr worth whois theadvisertostudents 你应该和沃斯先生 学生顾问谈一谈 3 wefinallyreachedrio whichwas theendorourjourney 4 缩略为介词短语若定语从句为主系表句型 且表语为介语短语 可略去主语关系代词和连系动词 使之缩略为介词短语作后置定语 此外 若定语从句中含 有 动词 has have had 用介词with without取替定语从句中主语关系代词和 有 动词 使定语从句缩略为介词with without短语作后置定语