不锈钢部件的化学钝化处理的标准技术规范.doc

不锈钢部件的化学钝化处理的标准技术规范(中英文对照1. Scope1.范围1.1 This specification covers several different types of chemical passivation treatments for stainless steel parts. It includes recommendations and precautions for descaling, cleaning, and passivation of stainless steel parts. It includes several alternative tests, with acceptance criteria, for confirmation of effectiveness of such treatments for stainless steel parts.1.1本技术规范适用于几种不同类型不锈钢部件的化学钝化处理。本技术规范包括:不锈钢部件除垢、清洁、钝化的建议和防护;本技术规范包括了几种可供选择的有验收标准的不锈钢部件处理效果确认的检测。1.2 Practices for the mechanical and chemical treatments of stainless steel surfaces are discussed more thoroughly in Practice A 380.1.2 不锈钢表面物理和化学处理的作业在作业A380里有更详尽的论述。1.3 Several alternative chemical treatments are defined for passivation of stainless steel parts. Appendix X1 gives some nonmandatory information and provides some general guidelines regarding the selection of passivation treatment appropriate to particular grades of stainless steel. It makes no recommendations regarding the suitability of any grade, treatment, or acceptance criteria for any particular application or class of applications.1.3 几种可供选择的不锈钢部件化学钝化处理在此有详细规定。附录X1提供了一些适用于特殊等级不锈钢钝化处理选择的非强制性的技术资料并提供了总的指导方针。关于特殊的应用或应用种类的等级、处理和验收标准的适宜性,它没有作出建议。1.4 The tests in this specification are intended to confirm the effectiveness of passivation, particularly with regard to the removal of free iron and other exogenous matter. These tests include the following practices:1.4 本技术规范之中的检测意在证实钝化的效果,尤其是关于游离铁和其它外生物质(杂质的去除问题。这些检测包括下列的作业:1.4.1 Practice AWater Immersion Test,1.4.2 Practice BHigh Humidity Test,1.4.3 Practice CSalt Spray Test,1.4.4 Practice DCopper Sulfate Test,1.4.5 Practice EPotassium FerricyanideNitric Acid Test, and1.4.6 Practice FFree Iron Test.1.4.1 作业A水浸检测1.4.2 作业B高湿检测1.4.3 作业C盐雾检测1.4.4 作业D硫酸铜检测1.4.5 作业E铁氰化钾-硝酸检测1.4.6 作业F游离铁检测1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 以用磅/寸单位表示的数值作为标准,在括号内给出的国际单位制的单位仅供参考。1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 14 through 18 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 下列预防性的告诫仅属于检测方法部分,本技术规范的第14节至18节:如有安全问题,此标准不意在处理所有涉及到使用的安全问题。使用前,确立适当的安全措施、卫生的作业和确定管理限制的适用性责任在于标准的使用者。2. Referenced Documents2. 参考的文献2.1 ASTM Standards: 22.1 ASTM(美国材料实验协会标准:A 380 Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Depassivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems.A380 不锈钢部件、设备和系统的清洗、除垢、钝化的作业。B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog ApparatusB117 操作喷盐(雾设备的作业B 254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on Stainless SteelB254 电镀不锈钢的准备作业和电镀不锈钢的作业。2.2 Federal Specification:32.2 联邦的技术规范QQ-P-35C Passivation Treatments for Corrosion-Resistant SteelsQQ-P-35-C抗蚀钢(不锈钢钝化处理3. Terminology3. 术语3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This StandardIt is necessary to define which of the several commonly used definitions of the term passivation will be used in this specification. (See Discussion.3.1 本标准的术语定义在本技术规范将经常使用到的几个术语“钝化”的定义有必要作出规定。(见论述3.1.1 DiscussionStainless steels are autopassivating in the sense that the protective passive film is formed spontaneously on exposure to air or moisture. The presence of exogenous surface contamination, including dirt, grease, free iron from contact with steel tooling, and so forth, may interfere with the formation of the passive film. The cleaning of these contaminants from the stainless steel surface will facilitate the spontaneous passivation by allowing the oxygen uniform access to the surface. The passive film may be augmented by chemical treatments that provide an oxidizing environment for the stainless steel surface.3.1.1 论述在某种意义上说,在暴露到空气和湿气的情况下,保护性的钝化膜自动生成是不锈钢在自动钝化。外生的表面污染,包括:尘土、油脂、来自钢铁加工的游离铁等等,可以影响到钝化膜的生成。通过允许氧气均衡地接触到不锈钢表面,不锈钢表面污染的清洗将会有助于自动钝化。通过为不锈钢表面提供一个氧化环境的化学处理,钝化膜可以得到增强。3.1.1.1 In this specification, passivation, unless otherwise specified, is defined as the chemical treatment of a stainless steel with a mild oxidant, such as a nitric acid solution, for the purpose of the removal of free iron or other foreign matter, but which is generally not effective in removal of heat tint or oxide scale on stainless steel. In the case of stainless steels with additions of sulfur for the purpose of improved machinability, passivation may also include the removal of sulfides from the surface of the metal for the purpose of maximizing corrosion resistance.3.1.1.1 在本技术规范中,除非另有规定,“钝化”被定义为:为了消除游离铁和其它杂质,用温和的氧化剂对不锈钢进行化学处理,例如硝酸溶液,但是“钝化”对于消除不锈钢回火颜色和氧化膜(皮通常是无效的。为了增强良好的切削加工性的情况下,对于带有硫磺的不锈钢,为了令抗腐性最优化,钝化也可包括金属表面硫化物的去除作业。3.1.1.2 The formation of the protective passive film on a stainless steel, also called passivation in a more general context, will occurspontaneously in air or other oxygencontaining environment when the stainless steel surface is free of oxide scale and exogenous matter.3.1.1.2不锈钢保护性钝化膜的生成,在更通常的情况下叫作“钝化”,当不锈钢表面无氧化膜和外生物质(杂质时,它在空气中或者其它含氧环境下会自然发生。3.1.1.3 Chemical treatments, such as sodium dichromate solutions, may facilitate the more rapid formation of the passive film on a stainless steel surface already free of scale or foreign matter. Such treatments, also sometimes called passivation in common usage, are designated as post-cleaning treatments in this specification in order to distinguish them from chemical treatments capable of removing free iron from stainless steels.3.1.1.3 化学处理,例如重铬酸钠溶液,可以促进无氧化膜和杂质不锈钢表面的钝化膜更快速度的生成。在通常使用时,这样一种处理,有时称为“钝化”,为了区分这种处理和能清除不锈钢游离铁的化学处理,在本技术规范中被称作“后清洗处理”。3.1.1.4 The chemical treatments capable of removing heat tint or oxide scale from stainless steel and capable of dissolving the stainless steel itself, typically called pickling, are substantially more aggressive than treatments used for passivation, as defined in 3.1.1.1. The surface of stainless steel that has been pickled is free of scale, free iron, and exogenous foreign matter, and does not require a separate treatment for passivation as defined in 3.1.1.1. The passivation process defined in 3.1.1.2 will occur without further chemical treatment but may be augmented and improved by the post-cleaning treatments defined in 3.1.1.3.3.1.1.4 能清除不锈钢回火颜色和氧化膜并能溶解不锈钢自身的化学处理,通常地叫作“浸酸”,实质上它比用作钝化的处理更具侵蚀性(正如3.1.1.1说明一样。已浸酸的不锈钢表面无氧化膜、游离铁和外生杂质,不需要另外的钝化处理(正如3.1.1.1说明一样。在没有进一步的化学处理情况下,钝化过程(在3.1.1.1说明将会出现,但钝化作用将会被“后清洗处理”(在3.1.1.3说明提高增强。3.1.1.5 Electrochemical treatments, including electropickling and electropolishing capable of removing heat tint or oxide scale from stainless steel and capable of dissolving the stainless steel itself, aresubstantially more aggressive than treatments used for passivation, as defined in 3.1.1.1. The surface of stainless steel resulting from these treatments is free of scale, free iron, and exogenous foreign matter, and does not require a separate treatment for passivation as defined in 3.1.1.1. The passivation process defined in 3.1.1.2 will occur without further chemical treatment, but may be augmented and improved by the post-cleaning treatments defined in 3.1.1.3. Statements regarding chemical treatments, unless otherwise specified, are taken to include electrochemical treatments. 3.1.1.5 电化学处理， 包括能去除不锈钢回火颜色和氧化膜并能溶解不锈钢 自身的电凿和电磨，实质上比钝化处理（在 3.1.1.1 说明）更具侵蚀性的。由这 些处理产生的不锈钢表面没有氧化膜、游离铁和外生杂质，也不需另外钝化处