北京林业大学语言学期末试题连带答案.doc

I. 多项选择：每题2分，共30分。1. AC 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. A6. A 7. B 8. A 9. BCD 10. ACD11. BCD 12. ABC 13. A 14. C 15. ABelow are some questions and statements with missing words, each followed by four possible answers or fillers marked A, B, C and D. In some cases, only one choice is correct while in others more than one should be chosen. Choose all the correct ones. (30 points, 2 points each)1. The design features of language include _.A. arbitrariness B. originality C. creativityD. distinguishability2. A linguistic study is _ if it describes and analyses facts observed.A. prescriptive B. synchronic C. diachronic D. descriptive3. The sounds that are produced with no obstruction of the airstream at the vocal tract are known as _.A. consonants B. places of articulation C. vowels D. manners of articulation 4. g is a _.A. voiced bilabial stop B. voiceless bilabial fricativeC. voiceless labiodental fricative D. voiced velar stop5. ? is a _.A. high back rounded vowel B. high back unrounded vowel C. high middle vowel D. high back vowel6. Which of the following is a broad transcription of the word rap?A. rp B. ? C. ?p? D. ?p?7. The basic unit of phonological analysis is the _.A. allophone B. phoneme C. sound D. minimal pair8. Look at the following examples: i) the man went to the theater ii) *man to the theater went the It shows the importance of _ in producing the acceptable utterance in a language.A. word order B. substitutability C. co-occurrence D. constituents9. Which of the following are instances of Case?A. Animate B. Accusative C. Nominative D. Dative10. Which of the following are related to Noam Chomsky?A. Generative Grammar. B. Functional Grammar.C. Extended Standard Theory. D. The Minimalist Program.11. Which of the following are related to M A K Halliday?A. Transformational Grammar. B. Functional Grammar.C. Systemic Linguistics. D. Theme and Rheme.12. Which of the following are areas of sociolinguistics?A. Variations. B. Language planning C. Register. D. “Garden Path” sentences.13. How to Do Things with Words was written by _.A. John Austin B. William James C. H. P. GriceD. Stephen Levinson14. The Cooperative Principle was formulated by _.A. John Austin B. William James C. H. P. GriceD. Stephen Levinson15. Which of the following contains a simile?A. O, my luve is like a red, red roseB. All the worlds a stageC. And all the men and women merely playersD. Death lays his icy hand on kingsII. Define the following terms. (20 points, 5 points each)1. displacement: it means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.2. the main principles of IPA: There should be a separate letter for each distinctive sound, and the same symbol should be used for that sound in any language in which it appears. The alphabet was to consist of as many Roman alphabet letters as possible, using new letters and diacritics only when absolutely necessary.3. transformational rules: in Chomskys early theory of grammar, the rules that change the deep structure generated by the phrase structure component into surface structures.4. conversational implicature: a type of implied meaning, which is deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context, under the guidance of the Cooperative Principle (CP) and its maxims.III. Answer TWO of the following questions. (50 points, 25 points each)1. Use examples from English and Chinese to discuss the concept of the syllable.2. Discuss the Binding Theory in Generative Grammar.3. Wolfram & Fasold (1974) gave the following comment on the concept of standard language:If his reaction to the form (not the content) of the utterance is neutral and he can devote full attention to the meaning, then the form is standard for him. If his attention is diverted from the meaning of the utterance because it sounds snooty, then the utterance is super-standard. If his attention is diverted from the message because the utterance sounds like poor English, then the form is substandard.Discuss how the following utterances comply with their ideas of standard, super-standard and substandard language.Am I not? He aint got none. May I leave now?Most everyone says that. It is I. It was pretty awful. Lay down, Fido! He wanted to know whom we met. Between you and I, I seen him. Are you absolutely sure? Who did you mention it to?4. Semantics concentrates on the meaning that comes from linguistic knowledge, while pragmatics concentrates on those aspects of meaning that cannot be predicted by linguistic knowledge alone and takes into account our knowledge about the physical and social world.Discuss whether semantic paraphrasing or pragmatic paraphrasing is involved in the following conversations.(1)Mike: What happened to that bowl of cream?Annie: Cats drink cream.(2)Mike: Thats an interesting hat.Annie: What do you mean by that?(3)Parent: Where are your shoes, young man?Child: Under my bed.Parent: When I asked where your shoes were, I wanted you to put them on.(4)Dave: What did Macbeth mean when he said that life was a tale told by an idiot?Sarah: I guess he thought that life didnt make any sense.(5)Steve: Listen to this. “No animal bird or reptile shall be kept in the Flat or any other part of the building without the prior written consent of the Lessor which (if given) shall be deemed to be by way of licence revocable at will.”Jane: That just means tenants cant have pets without the landlords written permission and that even if he does give permission, he can take it back any time he wants to.5. Analyze the style of the