信息检索作业.doc

2. “肉鸡”是通过漏洞完全被黑客控制的计算机,即具有最高管理权限的远程电脑。简单的说就是受黑客控制的远程电脑。“肉鸡”可以是win、Unix/Linux等各种系统；“肉鸡”可以是一家公司的服务器，一家网站的服务器，甚至是美国白宫或军方的电脑，而要登陆肉鸡，必须知道3个参数：远程电脑的IP、用户3. A Message to GarciaIn all this Cuban business there is one man stands out on the horizon of my memory like Mars at perihelion. When war broke out between Spain & the United States, it was very necessary to communicate quickly with the leader of the Insurgents. Garcia was somewhere in the mountain vastness of Cuba- no one knew where. No mail nor telegraph message could reach him. The President must secure his cooperation, and quickly.What to do!Some one said to the President, Theres a fellow by the name of Rowan will find Garcia for you, if anybody can.Rowan was sent for and given a letter to be delivered to Garcia. How the fellow by the name of Rowan took the letter, sealed it up in an oil-skin pouch, strapped it over his heart, in four days landed by night off the coast of Cuba from an open boat, disappeared into the jungle, & in three weeks came out on the other side of the Island, having traversed a hostile country on foot, and delivered his letter to Garcia, are things I have no special desire now to tell in detail.The point I wish to make is this: McKinley gave Rowan a letter to be delivered to Garcia; Rowan took the letter and did not ask, Where is he at? By the Eternal! there is a man whose form should be cast in deathless bronze and the statue placed in every college of the land. It is not book-learning young men need, nor instruction about this and that, but a stiffening of the vertebrae which will cause them to be loyal to a trust, to act promptly, concentrate their energies: do the thing- Carry a message to Garcia!General Garcia is dead now, but there are other Garcias.No man, who has endeavored to carry out an enterprise where many hands were needed, but has been well nigh appalled at times by the imbecility of the average man- the inability or unwillingness to concentrate on a thing and do it. Slip-shod assistance, foolish inattention, dowdy indifference, & half-hearted work seem the rule; and no man succeeds, unless by hook or crook, or threat, he forces or bribes other men to assist him; or mayhap, God in His goodness performs a miracle, & sends him an Angel of Light for an assistant. You, reader, put this matter to a test: You are sitting now in your office- six clerks are within call. Summon any one and make this request: Please look in the encyclopedia and make a brief memorandum for me concerning the life of Correggio.Will the clerk quietly say, Yes, sir, and go do the task?On your life, he will not. He will look at you out of a fishy eye and ask one or more of the following questions:Who was he?Which encyclopedia?Where is the encyclopedia?Was I hired for that?Dont you mean Bismarck?Whats the matter with Charlie doing it?Is he dead?Is there any hurry?Shant I bring you the book and let you look it up yourself?What do you want to know for?And I will lay you ten to one that after you have answered the questions, and explained how to find the information, and why you want it, the clerk will go off and get one of the other clerks to help him try to find Garcia- and then come back and tell you there is no such man. Of course I may lose my bet, but according to the Law of Average, I will not.Now if you are wise you will not bother to explain to your assistant that Correggio is indexed under the Cs, not in the Ks, but you will smile sweetly and say, Never mind, and go look it up yourself.And this incapacity for independent action, this moral stupidity, this infirmity of the will, this unwillingness to cheerfully catch hold and lift, are the things that put pure Socialism so far into the future. If men will not act for themselves, what will they do when the benefit of their effort is for all? A first-mate with knotted club seems necessary; and the dread of getting the bounce Saturday night, holds many a worker to his place.Advertise for a stenographer, and nine out of ten who apply, can neither spell nor punctuate- and do not think it necessary to.Can such a one write a letter to Garcia?You see that bookkeeper, said the foreman to me in a large factory.Yes, what about him?Well hes a fine accountant, but if Id send him up town on an errand, he might accomplish the errand all right, and on the other hand, might stop at four saloons on the way, and when he got to Main Street, would forget what he had been sent for.Can such a man be entrusted to carry a message to Garcia?We have recently been hearing much maudlin sympathy expressed for the downtrodden denizen of the sweat-shop and the homeless wanderer searching for honest employment, & with it all often go many hard words for the men in power.Nothing is said about the employer who grows old before his time in a vain attempt to get frowsy neer-do-wells to do intelligent work; and his long patient striving with help that does nothing but loaf when his back is turned. In every store and factory there is a constant weeding-out process going on. The employer is constantly sending away help that have shown their incapacity to further the interests of the business, and others are being taken on. No matter how good times are, this sorting continues, only if times are hard and work is scarce, the sorting is done finer- but out and forever out, the incompetent and unworthy go.It is the survival of the fittest. Self-interest prompts every employer to keep the best- those who can carry a message to Garcia.I know one man of really brilliant parts who has not the ability to manage a business of his own, and yet who is absolutely worthless to any one else, because he carries with him constantly the insane suspicion that his employer is oppressing, or intending to oppress him. He cannot give orders; and he will not receive them. Should a message be given him to take to Garcia, his answer would probably be, Take it yourself.Tonight this man walks the streets looking for work, the wind whistling through his threadbare coat. No one who knows him dare employ him, for he is a regular fire-brand of discontent. He is impervious to reason, and the only thing that can impress him is the toe of a thick-soled No. 9 boot.Of course I know that one so morally deformed is no less to be pitied than a physical cripple; but in our pitying, let us drop a tear, too, for the men who are striving to carry on a great enterprise, whose working hours are not limited by the whistle, and whose hair is fast turning white through the struggle to hold in line dowdy indifference, slip-shod imbecility, and the heartless ingratitude, which, but for their enterprise, would be both hungry & homeless.Have I put the matter too strongly? Possibly I have; but when all the world has gone a-slumming I wish to speak a word of sympathy for the man who succeeds- the man who, against great odds has directed the efforts of others, and having succeeded, finds theres nothing in it: nothing but bare board and clothes.I have carried a dinner pail & worked for days wages, and I have also been an employer of labor, and I know there is something to be said on both sides. There is no excellence, per se, in poverty; rags are no recommendation; & all employers are not rapacious and high-handed, any more than all poor men are virtuous.My heart goes out to the man who does his work when the boss is away, as well as when he is at home. And the man who, when given a letter for Garcia, quietly take the missive, without asking any idiotic questions, and with no lurking intention of chucking it into the nearest sewer, or of doing aught else but deliver it, never gets laid off, nor has to go on a strike for higher wages. Civilization is one long anxious search for just such individuals. Anything such a man asks shall be granted; his kind is so rare that no employer can afford to let him go. He is wanted in every city, town and village- in every office, shop, store and factory. The world cries out for such: he is needed, & needed badly- the man who can carry a message to Garcia.THE END-By Elbert Hubbard4. In all this Cuban business there is one man stands out on the horizon of my memory like Mars at perihelion. When war broke out between Spain & the United States, it was very necessary to communicate quickly with the leader of the Insurgents. Garcia was somewhere in the mountain vastness of Cuba- no one knew where. No mail nor telegraph message could reach him. The President must secure his cooperation, and quickly.What to do!Some one said to the President, Theres a fellow by the name of Rowan will find Garcia for you, if anybody can.Rowan was sent for and given a letter to be delivered to Garcia. How the fellow by the name of Rowan took the letter, sealed it up in an oil-skin pouch, strapped it over his heart, in four days landed by night off the coast of Cuba from an open boat, disappeared into the jungle, & in three weeks came out on the other side of the Island, having traversed a hostile country on foot, and delivered his letter to Garcia, are things I have no special desire now to tell in detail.报文送给加西亚通过Elbert哈伯德在这一切事上,古巴业务里有一个人站在地平线上的记忆像火星在近日点。当战争爆发,西班牙和美国之间,这是非常必要的沟通与领导迅速的反叛分子。加西亚是山的广袤的古巴没有人知道。不再邮寄或电报讯息可以找到他。总统必须保证他的合作,并迅速。要做什么!有些人对总统说,“有一个名叫罗文的将会找到加西亚对于你来说,如果有人能。”罗文来,交给他一封信送给加西亚。如何名叫罗文的接过信,封它为oil-skin袋,在他的心中,绑在夜间降落在4天的古巴的从一个打开的船,消失在丛林里,和在三周的时间来岛的另一边,有一个敌对国家的罗霄山脉上,把信送给加西亚的人,我没有特别的欲望去告诉细节。文摘：当美西战争爆发后，美国必须立即跟西班牙的反抗军首领加西亚取得联系。加西亚在古巴丛林的山里，没有人知道确切的地点，无法带信给他。美国总统必须尽快地获得他的合作。这是有人对总统说有一个名叫罗文的人，有办法找到加西亚，也只有他才能找得到。他们把罗文找来，交给他一封写给加西亚的信。关于那个“名叫罗文的人”，如何拿了信，把它装进一个油布制的袋里，封好，吊在胸口，划着一艘小船，四天之后的一个夜里在古巴上岸，消逝于丛林中，接着在三个星期后，从古巴岛的那一边出来，已徒步走过一个危机四伏的国家，把那封信交给了加西亚这些细节都不是重点，重点是：麦金利总统把一封写给加西亚的信交给了罗文，而罗文接过信之后，并没有问“他在什么地方？”。5. 赵颖6. 第33卷第4期北京交通大学学报Vol.33No.32009年8月JOURNALOFBEIJINGJIAOTONGUNIVERSITY。Jun.2009文章编号:167320291(2009)0320060204铁路网建设规划信息查询方案及改进赵影1,李忠2(1.北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044;2.铁道部经济规划研究院,北京100038)摘要:铁路路网信息复杂.传统的纸介质查询工作量大,信息更新不及时,不能进行实时检索.实现路网信息的电子化、实时化、特征化查询对于铁路规划和决策部门具有重要意义.本文结合全国铁路网及建设规划信息系统软件的结合,建立全国铁路网技术指标数据库、库的设计方案,并成功实现对全国铁路网及建设规划信息的图形和数据的实时查询.软件开发的实际,基于VB和Mapinfo地理信息系统及Access数据库规划项目的技术、经济和贷款指标数据库、相关图形关键词:铁路路网;Mapinfo;信息查询;方案中图分类号:U212.1;TP391文献标志码:AAWaytoQueryConstructionandPlanningInformationofRailwayNetsandFurtherImproveProposalZHAOYing1,LIZhong2(1.SchoolofCivilEngineering,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing100044,China;2.EconomicandPlanningResearchInstituteofMinistryofRailways,Beijing100038China)Abstract:Theinformationofrailwaynetiscomplicate.Thetraditionmethodtoquerytherailwayinformationissoslowlyanddifficult,informationupdatedisnotintime.Itissoimportanttofindanewwaytoquerytherailwayinformationbyusingthecomputer.Basedonthesoftware“TheConstructionandTheplanningInforma2tionofChinaRailwayNet”,ThispaperillustrateshowtodevelopthissystembyusingVB、MapinfoandAc2cess.Andrealizedtoquerytherailwaysinformationintime.Intheendthepaperputforwardsomeproposalsabouthowtofurtherimprovethesystem.Keywords:railwaynet;mapinfo;informationquery;way随着国内外GIS技术的逐渐成熟和数据采集技铁路路网现状是铁路制订中长期发展战略规划术的快速发展,铁路、公路、航空等交通领域将成为及铁路建设项目进行立项、可研等决策的重要参考我国发展GIS的重点领域.相关部门已着手进行交依据,是在实际工作中经常使用和参考的重要信息.通地理信息系统的开发,并进行了一些有益的尝试.实现对铁路路网现状信息快速和准确的查询,对于它使交通主管部门对交通基础设施的管理变得直观提高工作效率和工作质量具有重要意义.目前,对基和简单,通过直接对地图实体进行查询,可以获得线础信息的查询方式主要是依靠手工在纸介质上查路的空间位置和走向、技术标准、交通流量等多方位询,查询方式落后,效率低下,相关的纸质参考资料的信息.GIS系统和技术将成为交通各部门日常信也无法进行实时更新.息处理不可缺少的新工具,它将彻底改变传统的信为了充分利用信息化技术,使规划和管理部门息处理方式,使交通规划、建设、管理和运营变得直能够改变传统的手工查询方式,本文作者应用VB、观和高效,可以说它是交通进入数字化时代的标志.收稿日期:2008205222;修回日期:2009205218作者简介:赵影(1970),女,辽宁锦州人,讲师,硕士.emial:.第3期赵影等:铁路网建设规划信息查询方案及改进Mapinfo,GIS与Access数据库,开发了“全国铁路网及建设规划信息系统”应用软件.该系统比较成功地实现了对全国铁路网及建设规划信息的电子查询.1系统设计方案111系统查询的基本功能要求铁路路网信息查询系统应该具备以下要求1.1)能够将铁路路网图形和相关技术数据整合到一个平台内,规划和管理人员可以从一个平台上同时调用图形信息和技术指标信息.2)缩小、平移、漫化的方式进行组织.从系统级开始,将系统需要达到的目标和任务逐步分解,不断降低其抽象程度,直到易于理解、开发和使用的具体功能模块.3)数据层设计.系统数据结构的设计是根据系统功能设计的要求,按照图形信息数据和铁路技术指标信息数据进行分类,并以此为依据设计系统功能的底层数据库,从而实现系统功能对底层数据的灵活调用.整个系统所涉及的数据可分为图形数据和数值数据两大类,两种数据的设计方案如下:图形数据设计.游和减裁功能3)对路网图形信息和技术指标信息可以实现自.由的编辑、修改和更新功能.4)对路网干线、通道、区域及相关区段的图形和技术指标具备组合查询功能.112系统的总体结构设计我们结合目前较为成熟的系统设计开发思路2,将系统在整体上划分为3层:界面层、功能层和数据层.其中界面层是系统功能的组织者和用户使用系统的通道;功能层是实现系统内的各项具体功能;数据层是为系统完成各项具体功能提供数据支持.系统总体结构图设计如图1所示.图1系统总体结构图Fig.1Structureofthesystem1)界面层的设计.系统将界面划分为3个区域:基本区、导航区和执行区,见图2.其中基本区是显示系统的核心架构;导航区是显示当前功能的树状列表,引导用户理解和执行功能;执行区是显示功能的执行结果,显示用户希望看到的信息.图2用户界面Fig.2Userinterface2)功能层设计.功能设计层是从用户的角度出发,功能按层次为了实现对铁路线路走向示意图的显示,结合铁路路网信息的实际情况,将铁路路网按照车站和路网划分为两种图形信息,并分别显示在不同的图层内.由于各种线路均以区段为基本单位进行组织,所以各种示意图也均以区段为基本单位进行显示,示意图除了显示各个区段本身的走向以外,也是显示其他类型(包括路网、干线、通道和项目等)示意图的基础.数值数据设计.在系统开发中共涉及3大类数值数据:第1类是既有线的技术指标数据,第2类是规划项目的经济指标和技术指标数据,第3类是铁路贷款项目的贷款指标数据.由于技术数据分为既有线和建设项目(规划项目与贷款项目的技术数据是一致的,通过项目名称建立联系)两种,所以系统中共有4张表与技术数据相关,即:与既有线技术数据对应的既有线区段属性表和既有线区段技术数据表,与规划项目和贷款项目对应的项目区段属性表和项目区段技术数据表.系统采用两张表来存储既有线技术数据.第1张表为区段属性表,记录某一区段与该区段所属的省别、通道、干线和项目的关系;第2张表为区段技术数据表,记录某一区段的技术数据.由于经济指标是针对规划项目与贷款项目的,并且规划项目与贷款项目是一致的.因此以一张表来存储经济指标数据:项目经济数据表,该表通过项目名称与上面的项目区段属性表建立联系,从而与项目区段技术数据建立联系.由于贷款指标只是针对贷款项目的,并以项目为最小单位.因此,以一张表来存储贷款指标数据:项目贷款数据表.同时,由于贷款项目的类型分为正贷款项目、已贷款项目和拟贷款项目,因此建立贷款项目属性表来反映这种区别.如上所述的实体2联系图如图3所示.北京交通大学学报第33卷62和全国路网贷款信息管理.主要按干线名称、按项目名称对全国路网中各大干线、各个规划项目及各个铁路贷款项目的示意图、经济指标、技术指标及贷款指标进行查询、显示和维护.图5为全国铁路网现状信息查询界面3.图5全国铁路网现状信息查询界面Fig.5QueryinterfaceoftherailwaynetofChina2)各路局路网信息管理功能1各路局路网信息管理包括对3项子信息的管理:各路局路网现状信息管理、各路局路网规划信息管理和各路局路网贷款信息管理.主要按路局对全国路网中各大干线、各个规划项目及各个铁路贷款项目的示意图、经济指标、技术指标及贷款指标进行查询、显示和维护.图6为北京铁路局现状信息查询界面4.图6北京铁路局现状信息查询界面Fig16QueryinterfaceoftherailwaynetofBeijingrailwaybureau3)各省路网信息管理功能.各省路网信息管理包括对3项子信息的管理:各省路网现状信息管理、各省路网规划信息管理和各省路网贷款信息管理.主要按省别对全国路网中各大干线、各个规划项目及各个铁路贷款项目的示意图、经济指标、技术指标及贷款指标进行查询、显图3系统实体2联系图Fig.3Datasheetrelation113系统的模块设计系统的模块设计是根据目前铁路管理部门在实际工作中的具体需要确定的,模块的设计既要满足最终用户的具体需要,也要使最终用户易于理解.我们结合功能设计思想,将全国铁路路网及规划信息系统的主要功能分为以下模块,见图4.图4系统主要模块示意图Fig.4Mainmoduleofthesystem2系统实现的主要功能1)全国铁路网信息管理功能.全国铁路网信息管理包括对3项子信息的管理:全国路网现状信息管理、全国路网规划信息管理第3期赵影等:铁路网建设规划信息查询方案及改进图7辽宁省路网现状信息查询界面示和维护.图7为辽宁省路网现状信息查询界面.Fig.7Queryinterfaceoftherailwaynetofliaoningprovince4)八纵八横通道信息管理功能1八纵八横通道信息管理包括对3项子信息的管理:八纵八横通道现状信息管理、八纵八横通道规划信息管理和八纵八横通道贷款信息管理.主要按通道名称对各条通道的现状、规划、贷款信息示意图及经济指标、技术指标、贷款指标进行查询、显示和维护.图8为京哈通道信息查询示意图.图8京哈通道现状信息查询界面F