Literary Terms英美文学中的常用词语.docx

Literary TermsDefinitionExampleAge of Enlightement/ Age of Reason- (Late 17th century to end of the 18th century in Europe and America) purpose was to reformA philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. The principal goals of the Enlightenment were liberty, progress, reason, tolerance, fraternity, empirical data, and the scientific method. It was extremely skeptical of religion, as well as religious and governmental abuses of power.Robinson Crusoe; Jonathan SwiftAllegory寓言A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.Pilgrims ProgressAlliteration: 头韵双声The occurrence of the same letter at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected wordsKubla Khan; Ode to the West WindAnimism:万物有灵论The belief that natural objects, natural phenomena, and the universe itself possess souls. I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud; Ode on A Grecian UrnAnthropormorphism:拟人论 The attribution of human form or other characteristics to anything other than a human being.Kubla Khan; Ode to the West WindApostrophe 呼语A figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and was able to reply.Ode to The West Wind; Ode On A Grecian UrnAphorism格言警句A saying which communicates a truth in a short, memorable manner (Haste makes waste; Waste Not, Want Not; A Penny Saved is a Penny Earned)Of Studies; Of Marriage and Single LifeBlank Verse: Iambic pentameter without rhymeParadise LostByronic hero拜伦式英雄A character who is like the real-life character Lord Byron. A man who is proud, moody, cynical, defiant, vengeful, angry, and unstable, but capable of great affection and love (if only for a short time).形容人自大She walks in Beauty; Jane EyreCanto长诗中的篇A division of a long poem, typically found in Italian poetryOde to The West WindChivalry骑士制度The ideal qualifications of a knight, including courtesy, generosity, valor, and dexterity in arms.Canterbury TalesClimax: A decisive moment that is of maximum intensity or is a major turning point in a plot.Pride and Prejudice; Jane Eyre; Great ExpectationsConceitAn elaborate详细说明 figure of speech, usually a metaphor, which two farfetched objects or images of very different nature are comparedThe FleaCosmology:宇宙学 The study of the origin, fundamental structure, nature, and dynamics of the universeParadise LostCouplet: A two-line stanza. The two lines rhyme with one another.Any sonnetEconomy of LanguageTo elicit引出 strong emotion with very few words. To choose words with great emotional contentThe FleaEnjambment跨行连续When a sentence begins one line of poetry and finishes on the next line of poetry.Ode to the West WindEkphrasis？！The use of one form of art to describe another form of art (for example, using poetry to describe a Grecian urn).Ode on A Grecian UrnEpic Poem史诗A long narrative poemCanterbury Tales, Paradise Lost, The Iliad, The Odyssey, BeowulfFeminine rhyme: With feminine rhyme, the syllable thats doing the rhyming is the second-to-last syllable, and the ends of theKubla Khan; When A Man Hath No FreedomFiction: The form of any work that deals, with information or events that are imaginary and theoreticalthat is, invented by the authorPride and PrejudiceFirst-person narrator : The narrator is speaking about him/herself or sharing events that he/she is experiencing using “I. The narrator is a character in the book.Jane Eyre; Robinson CrusoeGothic:Combining the supernatural (usually horror) with love (Romanticism) (Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, Dracula, Frankenstein, etc.)Jane EyreHeroic couplet: Iambic pentameter五步抑扬格 verse that rhymes in couplets is known as heroic verse from its use in epic poetry in English.Any sonnetHyperbole: 夸张 Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literallyMy Luvs Like a Red, Red RoseIamb: 抑扬格A metrical foot with the stress on the second syllable. The rhythm is “da-DUM”.Most of the poems we have read this semesterIambic pentameter Tetrameter四步: Five iambs per line and each line has ten syllables. (5 feet)Most of the poems we have read this semesterImage: Particular words that create a visual representation of an ideas in our minds.Every work we have studiedIncantation咒语The chanting or uttering of words purporting to have magical power. Ode to The West WindIrony: A state of affairs or an event that seems deliberately contrary to what one expectsPride and PrejudiceLiminality: A threshold experience. Standing on the border between two places. A door frame is an example of a threshold.Robinson CrusoeMetaphor: 象征A comparison of two persons, ideas, places, or things without using the words “like” or “as”Kubla KhanMetaphysical poetry:形而上学，抽象 Poetry which deals with abstract or philosophical subjects such as love, religion, God, beauty, faith.The FleaMetaphysical: The fundamental notions by which people understand the world. (Who are we?; Why do we exist?; Where do we come from?; Why were we put on Earth?)Ode on a Grecian UrnMeter: The meter of a poem is its rhythmical pattern. This pattern is determined by the number and types of stresses, or beats, in eacAny poemMetrical foot: A grouping of two syllables in a poem.Every poem we have studiedMood: Atmosphere which creates an emotional setting enveloping the readerEvery work we have studiedMotif: 主题A recurring复发 structure, contrast, and literary device that can help to develop and inform the texts major themes.Pride and PrejudiceNarrative Poem: A poem that tells a storyCanterbury Tales, Paradise LostNarrator: A person who narrates something, especially a character who recounts the events of a novel or narrative poem.Any work of fiction; Pride and Prejudice, Great Expectations, etc.Natural law: A system of law that is determined by nature, and so is universal. Classically, natural law refers to the use of reason to make laws.Gullivers TravelsNatural supernaturalism: The supernatural found in the natural world manifests in the common and everyday course of things.Kubla Khan; Ode to the West WindNovel: A long narrative, normally in prose, which describes fictional characters and events, usually in the form of a sequentiaPride and PrejudiceOde - An elaborate, lyric poem of some length which comes from the ancient Greek tradition. It is a a choral celebration, The tone usually includes excitement, pleasure, joy, and praise.Ode on a Grecian Urn; Ode to the West WindOmniscient narrator: 无所不知的A narrator who knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story.Pride and PrejudiceOntology: 本体论The philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality,Paradise LostPantheism泛神论Pantheism is the belief that God is found in everything (trees, rocks, foxes, etc.). Pantheists do not believe in a single Judeo-Christian God.Ode to the West WindPastoral: 牧师的A work of literature portraying an idealized version of country life.The LambPathetic Fallacy:谬论 A literary device wherein the author attributes human emotions and traits to nature or inanimate objects.She Walks in Beauty; Jane Eyre; Ode to the West WindPentameter: Five metric feet.Romeo and Juliet; Paradise Lost, Personification: Giving human abilities and attributes to non-human objects, animals, images or concepts.Kubla Khan; Ode to the West WindPoetic device: A tool which a poet can use to create rhythm, enhance a poems meaning, or intensify a mood or feeling.Kubla KhanProse: 散文Written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.Pride and PrejudiceProtagonist:主角 The leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text.Pride and PrejudiceQuatrain: 四行诗A four -line stanzaAny sonnetRealism: The quality or fact of representing a person, thing, or situation accurately or in a way that is true to life.Robinson Crusoe; Pride and PrejudiceRealistic Fiction: Stories that could have actually occurred in a believable setting; resembles real life; fictional character.Robinson Crusoe; Pride and PrejudiceRepetition: Words or phrases used more than one to make an image strongerWhen A Man Hath No FreedomRhetorical question: 修辞的提问A figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point, rather than to elicitThe Lamb; The TygerRhyme scheme: Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyming words in a poem. The rhyme scheme of a poem is indicated by using different letteAny rhyming poemRomanticismRomantics preferred the senses, feelings, emotions and imagination over reason; they rejected the Enlightenment and the scientific method; They emphasized a natural (pastoral) landscape; they believed in the supernatural in nature; they valued an artists creative power as godlike. It was popular in England in the late 19th centuryAny Romantic poemSatire: 讽刺The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to criticize peoples stupidity or vices, particularly in politicsGullivers TravelsScientific method: Method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis is formulatedFrancis BaconShakespearean sonnet: The Shakespearean sonnet is a type of lyric poem with a specific form:Sonnet 18Simile: A comparison using the words “lie” or “as”I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud; My Luvs Like a Red, Red RoseSoliloquy: 自言自语An act of speaking ones thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in aHamlet; Romeo and JulietSonnet: A fourteen line poem written in iambic pentameter with three quatrains and one couplet. The typical rhyme scheme is ABSonnet 18, Holy Sonnet 10, The FleaSupernatural:Something which is above or beyond what is natural or explainable by natural law (God, ghosts, werewolves, vampires, etc.)Kubla Khan; Jane Eyre; She Walks in BeautySymbol: An image of something that r