h+情态动词.doc

1.ha int.哈(笑声)2. habit n.习惯，习性3. hair n.头发4.haircut n.(男子)理发5.half adj.&n.半，一半，半个6. hall n.大厅，会堂，礼堂；过道7. ham n.火腿8. hamburger n.汉堡包9.hammer n.锤子，锣锤10.hand n.手；指针v.递；给；交付，交上；交进11. handbag n.女用皮包，手提包12. handful n.(一)把；少数，少量13. handkerchief n.手帕14. handle n.柄，把手v.处理15. handsome adj.英俊的16. handtruck n.手推运货车17. handwriting n.书法18. handy adj.便利的，顺手的19. hang(hanged,hanged) v.处(人)绞刑；上吊20. hang(hung,hung) v.悬挂，吊着；把吊起21. happen vi.(偶然)发生22. happily adv.幸福地，快乐地23. happiness n.幸福，愉快24. happy adj.幸福的；快乐的，高兴的25. harbour(美harbor) n.港口26. hard adv.努力地；使劲；猛烈地adj.硬的；困难的；艰难的27. hardly adv.几乎不28. hardship n.困难29. hardworking adj.努力工作的30. harm n.&v.伤害；损伤31. harmful adj.有害的；致伤的32. harmless adj.无害的；不致伤的33. harvest n.&vt.收割，收获(物)34. has v.动词have的第三人称单数现在式35. hat n.帽子(一般指有边的)；礼帽36. hatch v.(鸟、鸡)孵蛋37. hate vt.&n.恨。讨厌38. have(had,had) vt.有；吃；喝；进行；经受39. hawk n.鹰40. hay n.作饲料用的干草41. he pron.他42. head n.头；头脑(像)；才智；首脑；源头；标题adj.头部的；主要的；首席的v.率领；加标题；用头顶；出发；(船等)驶向43. headache n.头疼44. headline n.(报刊的)大字标题45. headmaster n.(英)中小学校长46. headmistress n.女校长47. headteacher n.中小学班主任48. health n.健康，卫生49. healthy adj.健康的；健壮的50. heap n.堆v.堆起来51. hear(heard,heard) v.听见；听说，得知52. hearing n.听力53. heart n.心；心脏；纸牌中的红桃54. heat n.热vt.把加热55. heaven n.天，天空56. heavy adj.重的57.heavily adv.重地，大量地58. heel n.脚后跟59. height n.高，高度60. helicopter n.直升飞机61hello int.喂；你好(表示打招呼，问候或唤起注意)62. helmet n.头盔63. help n.&vt.帮助，帮忙64. helpful adj.有帮助的，有益的65. hen n.母鸡66. her pron.她(宾格)，她的67. herb n.草药68. here adv.这里，在这里；向这里69. hero n.英雄，勇士，男主角70. heroine n.女英雄，女主角71 hers pron.她的(名词性物主代词)72. herself pron.她自己73. hey int.嘿74hi int.你好(表示打招呼、问候或唤起注意)75. hibernate vi.冬眠76. hibernation n.冬眠77. hide(hid,hidden) v.把藏起来，隐藏78. hideandseek捉迷藏79. high adj.高的；高度的adv.高地80. hill n.小山；丘陵；土堆；斜坡81. hillside n.(小山)山腰，山坡82. hilly adj.丘陵的；多小山的83. him pron.他(宾格)84. himself pron.他自己85. hire vt.租用86. his pron.他的87. history n.历史，历史学88. hit(hit,hit) n.&vt.打，撞，击中89. hive n.蜂房；蜂箱90. hobby n.业余爱好，嗜好91. hold(held,held) vt.拿；抱；握住；举行；进行92 hole n.洞，坑93. holiday n.假日；假期94. holy adj.神圣的95. home n.家adv.到家；回家96. homeland n.祖国97. hometown n.故乡98. homework n.家庭作业99. honest adj.诚实的，正直的100. honey n.蜂蜜101. HongKongn.香港102 honour(美honor) n.荣誉，光荣vt.尊敬，给予荣誉103. hook n.&v.钩子；衔接，连接104. hooray int.好哇！(欢呼声)105. hope n.&v.希望hopeful adj.有希望的；有前途的106 hopeless adj.没有希望的；不可救药的107.horrible adj.令人恐惧的；恐怖的108. horse n.马109. hospital n.医院110 host n.主人；节目主持人v.做主人招待111. hostess n.女主人112. hot adj.热的113 hotdog n.热狗(红肠面包)114. hotel n.旅馆，饭店，宾馆115. hour n.小时116. house n.房子；住宅117. housewife n.家庭主妇118 housework n.家务劳动119 how adv.怎样，如何；多少；多么120 however adv.可是conj.然而，可是，尽管如此121.howl vi.嚎叫，嚎哭122 huge adj.巨大的，庞大的123. human adj.人的，人类的124. humanbeing人125. humorous adj.富于幽默的126. humour(humor) n.幽默，幽默感127. hundred num.百128. hunger n.饥饿129 hungry adj.(饥)饿的130. hunt vt.寻找；狩猎，猎取131 hunter n.猎人132. hurricane n.飓风，十二级风133 hurry vi.赶快；急忙134.hurt(hurt,hurt) vt.伤害，受伤；伤人感情135. husband n.丈夫136. hydrogen n.氢.99情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。情态动词有can (could), may (might), shall (should, will (would), must, have to,dare (dared), need (needed), ought to,used to等。 一、 can, could1) 表示能力can 表现在，could 表过去Richard can speak Chinese fluently.Mozart could play the piano at the age of three. 此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。Ill not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用was/were able to，不能用Can。意思相当于managed to do sth=succeeded in doing sth.He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2) 表示请求和允许。-Can I go now?- Yes, you can. / No, you cant.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。- Could I come to see you tomorrow?- Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. )3) 表示客观可能性,不表示具体某时是否会发生，而用来说明人或事物的特征，一般用于肯定句。Teachers can make mistakes.有时会Accidents can happen on such rainy days.This hall can hold 500 people at least.事物特征4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true?You cant be serious!.二、 may, might1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room?- No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。Can I help you?2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May + 主语+动词原形May you succeed!3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1John is absent. He may/might be ill.2Your mother may /might not know the truth.Can 表示理论上的可能性，may 表示实际发生的可能性。Could 和might 意思差别很小，might 比could 语气更不肯定。I can take a bus to go to school, but I may walk tomorrow.The new cant be true. 不可能The news may not be true. 可能不三、will, would1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示意志、允诺或决心。 I will never do that again. She asked if I would to with them.3)用于表示总是，will 用于现在，would用于过去，used to do 强调过去怎样现在不了。 Rosa will always be late for school. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. There used to be a park here.4) 表注定会 will 可表示规律性的注定会People will die without air or water.You will regret forever if you lose this chance.5) 表示估计和猜想 will 表示对现在的推测，would 表示对过去的推测也可表示对现在的推测，比will 更委婉。That will be Tim coming home now. 现在到家的大概是蒂姆。It would be about ten oclock when she left home. 四、must, have to1) 表示必须、必要。You must come in time.在回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）.- Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must.- No, you dont have to / you neednt.2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。1 The play isnt interesting, I really must go now.2 I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2 Your mother must be waiting for you now.4) 表偏要，硬要 用于疑问句或条件句If you must go,at least wait until the storm is over.Must you make so much noise?五、 shall1) shall 用于第一三人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?Shall I/he/they come in?2) shall 用于第二、三人称，或规定、协议、法律条文中表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告)He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)Everybody shall be seated until all the papers are collected.六、 should, ought to1)表示义务或责任 should, ought to意思是“应该” 二者可通用You ought to/should take care of the baby.2) 表示推测 译为 按理说应该 should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测，把握性强)。 He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)3) 表说话人的惊讶、愤怒失望等情感 译为竟然 、怎么会Im surprised that he should have been admitted into a key university.How should I know?七、 dare, need1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。1 How dare you say Im unfair?2 He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?3 If we dared not go there that day， we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。1You neednt come so early.2. - Need I finish the work today?- Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesnt dare (to) answer.3. He needs to finish his homework today.八、 情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）1. can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。 You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. （虚拟语气） He cant have been to that town.（不可能）. Can he have got the book?（推测）2. may / might +不定式完成式（have done）表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可 能性比may小。 He may not have finished the work . If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.3. must +不定式完成式（have done）用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，cant代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。 You must have seen the film Titanic. He must have been to Shanghai.4. should +不定式完成式（have done）用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。He should have finished the work by now。表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式（have done）互换。 You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didnt.) She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.5. neednt +不定式完成式（have done）表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.I. Correct mistakes in the following sentences.1. Dont play with the dog, for it must be dangerous at times.2. You would have done better, but you didnt try your best.3. If I had known more about giving first aid, I should have helped him.4. It should have been raining heavily when he got back home for he was wet all over.5. Do you believe drinking a glass of wine every day need reduce the danger of heart disease?.6. You cant return the dictionary now. You can keep it till next week if you like.7. Dare you to tell your parents your school records?8. If you may go, at least wait till the rain stops.9. She mustnt have been to your home. She doesnt know your address.10. Its hard to say what kind of person he is. Sometimes he is very friendly; at other times he may be very cold.II. Fill in the blanks with proper words.1. Although Susan is usually easy-going, she be sometimes quite annoying.2. Dont interrupt me, Kevin. You force me to tell you the truth right now?3. Daddy, can you buy me a new iPad when you go to a key middle school? You get one if you are admitted to a key middle school.4. It it unfair that so nice a person like Jenny lose her job.5. Drivers drive after drinking.6. You buy the TV guide for next week. I have already bought a copy.7. The room is in a terrible mess it have been cleaned.8. Children above 8 years of age in our country be left at home without going to school, or their parents will be charged.9. You have the book as soon as I finish reading it.10. Is there a ticket to Guang Zhou the day after tomorrow? There be. Ill check on the computer and find it out.11. The teacher have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose.12. Some women have made a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.13. On Sundays when I was a child, my father and I get up early and go fishing. 14. The theater rules state that no child be allowed in unless accompanied by a adult.15. When can I come for my photos? I need them urgently. They be ready by 2:00 p.m., I think.III. 语法填空 2015济宁一模Rene Laennec was a French doctor who learned to tap on peoples chests to find out illness from an Austrian doctor 61(name)Leopold AuenbruggerAs a boy，Leopold used to tap wine containers in his fathers inn to see how much wine they heldA full one made a different sound 62 an empty oneWhen he became a doctor，he tapped peoples chests to see how much liquid was in their lungsLaennec did 63 same and learned to tell by tapping carefully on a chest 64 it was diseased or not. But he was even more interested in diseases of the heart，and he wished that he could hear heartbeats 65 (clear)In those days，a doctor would place his head on a patients chest to listen，but if the patient was extremely fat it was 66(possible)to hear any heartbeat at allOne day when Laennec was walking in the park，he saw some girls 67(play)with a see-saw(跷跷板)One of them scratched the end of the board while the others placed their ears against the other endOn walking up，the doctor 68(ask)why the sounds travelled along the wood“The sounds are magnified(放大)，girls，er”Suddenly he turned and rushed back to the hospitalQuickly taking