讲稿-如何写好英语作文.doc

讲稿-如何写好英语作文腾一中 寸斌It is my great honor to be asked here to share my teaching experience with you about how to help the students to gain a comparatively high marks in the writing in the Final Exam . As we all know , writing is an essential part in the examination. It is 25 scores in all , taking about 25-30 minutes to finish . The total English scores will be highly improved if the students can produce the writing well . The following are my experience and ideas of teaching how to promote a composition , hopefully will be of some value to you . once the students see the title ,they must be aware of the following :(for better understanding and communication, I d like to present it in Chinese . )一、2010-2012年的高考英语书面表达试题研究分析2012年高考英语课标卷书面表达分析2012年高考英语课标卷书面表达题：假定你是李华，从互联网上得知一个国际组织要在新加坡举行夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加，请你写一电子邮件申请参加。要点如下：1.自我介绍（包括英语能力）；2.参加意图（包括介绍中国，了解其他国家）；3.希望获得批准。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.结束语已为你写好。DearSir/Madam,_ ILiHua. Yours, LiHua2011年高考英语课标卷书面表达2011年高考英语课标卷书面表达题目：假定你是李华，正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程，遇到一些困难，希望得到学校辅导中心（Learning Center）的帮助。根据学校规定，你须书面预约，请按下列要点写一封信：1.本人简介；2.求助内容；3.约定时间；4.你的联系方式（Email:;Phone:12345678）注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.结束语以为你写好Dear sir/madam, _Looking forward to your early reply.Yours Li Hua 2010年高考英语课标卷书面表达题全国卷作文第二节 书面表达(满分25分) 假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。注意：词数100左右。*Dear Ms. Smith,_With best wishes,Li Hua试题分析 从以上试题中可以看出，近3年来的高考英语书面表达都选了应用文体裁，12年写申请信，11年写求助信，10年写邀请信。采用了指导性写作，通过图画，提纲，图表等方式来限定人称，时态，文体，内容，字数等，自由发挥的空间不大。 整体设计严密，科学规范，情景真实可信，贴近学生生活。着重考察学生运用语言的能力。 今年2013年是全国新课程卷推行第三年，我们云南省的第二年，在英语书面表达考查方面，和前两年一样，仍然是书信应用文，并在材料中给出了作文的开头和结尾，不涉及应用文格式的考查。试题虽对写作范围进行了界定，但仍具有一定的开放性，考生有一定的自由发挥空间，可充分展示自己的写作能力。二、2013年书面表达预测2013年试题预测 重视情景，体裁多元化，图画，图表，文体丰富，体裁贴近生活，贴近学生实际。有活动纪实，情况汇报，学校介绍，求职自荐等。 估计仍是提示性写作，应用文体裁。三、2013年高考英语书面表达复习备考策略及教学建议考情分析 作为一种主观性试题，英语作文的语言表达准确性和熟练程度会直接影响到作文的得分情况。有些考生写作分数不高多因为语言平淡、表达欠佳等情况，是由于词汇、短语、句型等匮乏或者掌握得不够熟练，使用不够灵活；考试时间分配不当，写作时间紧张，不够用；对于高级词汇和复杂句型结构不熟悉，达不到熟练运用的程度。遣词造句能力差，缺乏语言组织能力，写作技巧缺失，平时作文训练强度不够等。复习策略 一、审题 仔细审阅试题信息，确定格式style，文体type of writing、人称person、时态、要点key points及要求requirement 。二、要点全包括内容要点完整。语言基本无误。一指用词准确，能充分表达原意。二指语法规范，符合英语表达习惯。不生搬硬套，有英语味。要避免病句和Chinglish(汉语式英语)的表达，既糟蹋了英语，又曲解了汉语。如：1. Dont persuade him. He wont listen to you. ( )persuadetry to persuade sb2. Why did you against me at the meeting? ( ) why was you against me at the meeting ?3. He promised his daughter to go with him. ( )he promised to go with his daughter .He promised that he would go.没有复合宾语结构。4. Is the house belonged to you? ( ) Does the house belong to you?5. My father was only ten when the war was broken out. ( )删去was ,三、用词得当，表达规范 词汇是句子的灵魂，写好文章,选词很关键，如果用词贴切，表达规范，你的文章就会“出类拔萃”。如I want to have a girl pen friend, who has the same interest with mine.试比较I want to have a pen friend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar to mine.很明显，第二个句子中使用的高级词汇就提升了文章的档次。 四、巧妙使用连接词， 过渡词语transition。连接词是连接上下文的关键，它能使文章上下衔接自然紧凑，层次清晰分明，还可增加文章的连贯性、逻辑性和可读性。高分作文的共性就是有效并巧妙地运用连接词。 常用的过渡词语主要有：表示罗列增加：First, second, third, First, then / next, after that / next, finallyFor one thing for another,On (the) one handon the other hand, Besides / whats more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, Especially / In particular,表示时间顺序：at first，in the beginning, to begin with, now, at present, recently ,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, , later, next, finally, immediately , soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till , notuntil, before, after, when, while, as during,表示解释说明：for example, for instance ,in addition, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually表示转折关系：(transition) on the contrary,but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列关系：appositionnot only but also,or, and, also, too, as well as, both and, either or, neithernor表示因果关系：cause and effect Since，thanks to，because, because of, , now that, as, due to, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, sothat, suchthat表示条件关：condition if, as (so) long as, on condition that, unless表示让步关系：（concession）as, though , although, however, even if, even though, whether or, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)表示举例：such as,for example, for instance, take for example表示比较：be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)just like, just as,表示目的：for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,表示强调：emphasize ,actually, in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,表示总结归纳：conclusion on the whole,in a word, in short, in brief, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion五、用较高级较复杂的语法结构你的文章就会使人赏心悦目，自然会成为一个得分点；当然各类从句的使用也能给你的文章增色，令读者眼前一亮。 可尝试用以下方法：1、改变句式1）并列句。希望写长句子，最保险的方法就是在两个句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。I like jogging. It is fun and enjoyable . I like jogging and it is fun and enjoyable.I like jogging, for it is fun and enjoyable . I like jogging; it is fun and enjoyable .2）转折批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式比较容易让人接受。所以,我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点次要的话，二者之间用个转折词就行了。The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.,3）一句多译 一句话可以用不同的句型来表达，感叹句，复合句，祈使句，强调句，有时还可以用非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装句等来表达，这样文章就生动形象具体了。例如：1、直到他摘下墨镜，我才认出他来。正常语序：I did not recognize him until he took off his dark glasses.倒装语序：Not until he took off his dark glasses did I recognize him.强调句：It was not until he took off his dark glassed that I recognized him.2、无论是谁违反了校规，都要被惩罚。定从：Anyone /Those who breaks the school rules will be punished.名词从句：Whoever breaks the school rules will be punished.状语从句：Whoever breaks the school rules , he will be punished.No matter who breaks the school rules , he will be punished3、大片森林被砍倒了，许多动植物面临灭绝的危险。分词状语：Large forest has been cut down, leaving the plants and animals in great danger of dying out .独立主格结构：Large forest (cut) down, the plants and animals are now in great danger of dying out .原因状语：Because large forest has been cut down, the plants and animals are in great danger of dying out .结果状语：Large forest has been cut down, therefore the plants and animals are in great danger of dying out .标点符号：Large forest has been cut down; The plants and animals are in great danger of dying out.定从句+表从句： The reason why the plants and animals are in great danger of dying out is that large forest has been cut down.4）意译，当遇到一些未学过的句子时，学生要会意译，即用最熟悉最有把握的词汇句型表达比较复杂比较难的句子。如：“众所周知，他是英语竞赛的冠军。”但是又不会写冠军一词， 就可以这样表述。As everyone knows , he is the winner of the English contest. 又如：学生在指定位置就坐。Students take their seats where they are supposed to . Students must sit according to the given location . 5）短语优先原则， 改变句子的开头方式,不是一味地都是人称代词I ,she ,we ,he开头,可以把状语置于句首,或用分词作状语等。 To begin with, under no circumstance, by no means , after all , in brief, to be frank , etc. 六、避免逐字逐句的翻译， 注意别遗忘了要点。逐字逐句的翻译可造成文章缺乏新鲜感，表达生硬。简单办法就是让学生把文章的要点顺序重新安排即可。注意别遗忘了要点，写完一点，划掉一点。七、文章的结尾也很重要，好的结尾可以加深读者的印象，深化主题 如2007 年浙江高考作文的结尾：Practice makes perfect. To learn English well requires a lot of practice. Therefore, I like my English classes to be taught completely in English.这样的结尾使读者感到意犹未尽，眼前为之一亮。 俗话说，“兵不在多而在于精”。“养兵千日，用兵一时”。抓好训练，就能在考场上夺高分。 注意作文训练时间安排写作理想时间是30分钟，最少不能少于25分钟，要有一定的时间限制。2013年高考英语书面表达复习重难点突破要提高英语写作水平，需要两方面的训练：一是语言基础方面的训练，要有扎实的造句、翻译等基本功，即用词法、句法等知识造出正确无误的句子；二是写作知识和能力方面的训练以掌握写作方面的基本方法和技巧。1、多做句型练习，把单词的记忆串联到句型的记忆和运用中。2、阅读优秀范文好的范文，文笔流畅，语言规范，精彩的课文段落要背诵。3、在学习，阅读时注意收集积累好词、好句，短语、做好笔记。4、一箭双雕的训练。作文写好后，让学生先互相批改，找出并改正文中错处。教师也要挑选恰当的学生习作，当堂改正，用projector 呈现出来。 5、熟悉英语写作的体裁与格式，根据不同的体裁和模板进行有目的的写作训练。6、用英语写日记用英语记日记，等于天天在练笔，无疑是提高英语写作的行之有效的好办法。语言素材积累多了，体裁格式记住了，经常练习不断提高，到考场上时就会得心应手，水到渠成。总之，谋篇布局，表达规范贴切，准确使用语法、词汇和句型，过渡自然，层次分明，行文连贯，要点全面，多种句式的应用，卷面整洁，书写清秀美观，都能给文章增彩添分。附：英文写作的常用几种模板; 1书信书信感谢信，求职信，留言条，信息咨询信，求助信，推荐信，交友信，自荐信，建议信，投诉信，邀请信第一段写信的目的第二段具体内容，要点，第三段结束段，表示感谢，期待答复，祝福等Dear sir/ madam ,I am writing this letter for the purpose of_Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Yours trulyLi Hua遵循套语的基本模式，使表达规范得体。Kindly favor us with an early reply. 请早日赐复。Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated. 如能及时回复，将不胜感谢。We are expecting your prompt reply. 急盼回复。Please have the kindness to answer this letter quickly. 请早日回信。Kindly let us have your reply at your earliest convenience. 请在您方便时尽早赐函。We would appreciate it if you could respond right away. 如能即刻回复，将不胜感谢。实战演练-高考实例 陕西卷 书面表达（满分30分）假定你是李华。你们学校和一所美国中学签署了教师交流协议。在过去的一年里，你们的英文老师是来自这所中学的Sue Wood。不久前她返回美国任教。请你根据写作要点和要求给Sue写封电子邮件。写作要点：1.对她表达感谢之意;2.介绍她离开后你自己及班里发生的事情;3.希望了解她的近况。要求：1.短文须写在答题卡的指定区域。2.短文词数不少于100（不含已写好的部分）。3.内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。4.书写须清晰、工整。5.邮件中不能体现本人真实信息。2书面通知和口头通知书面通知的模板第一段通知对象，内容第二段具体要求，注意事项第三段提醒，结束。 January 6, 2013NOTICEDear （通知对象 ），通知对象，内容 will be held in our school at 3:00 Pm具体要求，注意事项 About in the fifth floor in Room 809 .Take your notebook with you . We will have a discussion about .Everyone is welcome to join in it .通知单位 Students Union口头通知模板Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention ?交代通知的事由，人物，时间，地点，注意事项。 表示感谢， Please be there on time . Dont forget the time and place . That is all , thank you !3 单位介绍第一段面积，人口，历史，交通第二段自然风景第三段社会经济状况第四段小结My lies . it has an area of . the population of is . And to my pride, the history of my is years . you can come to my by land ,by air or by water, which is very convenient .At the same time , my is very beautiful with many . Besides, there are a quite a lot of there .People in my are friendly and . to our great delight, agriculture and industry in my both develop very quickly. Peoples living conditions are greatly improved with the help of . .In a word, my city is a beautiful and lively place to live and explore .4 记叙文记叙文的六要素: 时间，地点，人物，事件，原因，结果。时态应以过去式为主。用好过渡性词语。 第一段交代事由第二段出发，到达第三段活动经过，具体内容，细节描述，活动结束第四段收获、感想()叙述的人称：(1)第一人称叙述(Firstperson narrator)：把文章中的事情以“我”的所见所闻来告诉读者，给读者一种亲切自然的感觉，如同亲身经历一样，直接抒发作者的思想情感，从而引起读者的共鸣。 (2)第三人称叙述(Thirdperson narrator)：写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件，以客观的写作方法，能够充分反映事件中各人的感受及见解，以全知的视角来叙述。 (二)叙述的内容： 一篇记叙文应注意交代清楚事情的始末及细节，即何时、何地、何事、何人及何因(when，where，what，who and whyhow)，做到有条有理，使读者易于明白。 1事件：为了引起读者的注意，可以从一些纠纷或交叉事件中展开，直到高潮出现，再将问题解决。 2人物：集中主要人物的描写，记叙人物遇到的事情及人物有什么影响。3时态：一般多采用一般过去时。 (三)叙述的方法： 一般叙述的线索可分为以下几种： (1)以时间为线索，按时间的顺序来展开。 (2)以地点为线索，以地点的转移为顺序来展开。 (3)以事件发展的过程为线索，或以人物出现的先后次序来展开。 实战演练-高考实例 北京作文 情景作文(20分)假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华，利用上周末的时间帮助祖父母安排了去北戴河的旅行。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，叙述你从准备到送行的全过程。 注意：1周记的开头已为你写好。 2词数不少于80。Last weekend, I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe. _5 议论文第一段论点第二段论据 论证第三段结论模板一：There is a heated debate over . it is widely/commonly accepted that . In contrast, others . Those who hold the first opinion suggest that . In their point of view, . However , others think . They argue that . Consider one after another , I stand on the side of . First of all, . furthermore, . thirdly, . therefore . 模板二： Different people have different views /ideas/about . many people hold the view that . However, others strongly support that . some may declare/claim that . they stick to such idea due to the reason that . In contrast, the objectors think . They argue that . First . Second . Last but noT least . As far as I am concerned, I agree to . In a word , . 必备句型：1. opinions vary form person to person. /from individual to individual . 2. others hold/argue the view that .3. what is important is that what matters is that 4. when it comes to failure, different people hold different opinion about it . 5. as far as I am concerned, I prefer.6. there is no denying that / there is no doubt that ./ there is no denying the fact that no one can deny the fact that . it is obvious that .7. it is universally acknowledged that 8. in conclusion, I think In short/ in brief/ all in all,/in a word ,9. it can be said that 10. from what has been said above, we can safely draw a conclusion that .实战演练-高考实例1安徽 高考作文第二节书面表达（满分25分）假如你将参加某英语杂志社开展的一次征文活动，征文的内容要求你在电视、手机(cell)和网络三考中，放弃其中一个并陈述理由。请你以“Which would you give the TV, cell, or”为题，写一篇英语短文。注意：1.字数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。For Reference only 1). The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from(carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A.2). Although it is commonly (widely / generally) held (felt / accepted / agreed) that ,it is unlikely to be true that 3). It is true that (True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,), but this is not to say (it is unlikely /it doesnt follow / it doesnt mean / it wont be the case) that4). There is absolutely (in fact) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept / resist / reject) that5) . The danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that 2 正文 1. The increase (change / failure /success) in is due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that2. Why are (is / do / did) ? For one thing, For another, 3. The increase (change / failure / s