上海市11校2016届高三12月联考英语试卷(附答案).doc

2015-2016学年度第一学期十一校联考（附答案） II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A(16分)(A)Strange things happen when you travel The Johnson family expected to see some whales when they rented a boat to sail around the Australian coast. But they didnt expect a 30-foot humpback whale to leap out of the ocean onto their boat. Amazingly, no one was seriously hurt, not even (25) whale.If you think thats unbelievable, how about the story of Roger Lausier? Aged four, he had wandered away from his mother on Salem beach, Massachusetts and (26) (save) from drowning by a woman called Alice Blaise. After nine years, Roger was on the same beach when he saw a man fall overboard. Roger saved his life. The man turned out to be Alice Blaises husband.Some of the most unbelievable travel stories, it seems, are about a pet. Charlie, a cat who decided to take a nap inside the engine of his neighbours car and was found after (27) (drive) 160 miles away. Luckily for him, he was completely unhurt.What about the things people lose and find when they are travelling? Rings top the list. In Hawaii, Ken Da Vico, who is a professional diver, claims (28) (find) about fifteen wedding rings a year in the sea. He returns many of them to their owners. (29) a fish eats the ring, there is still hope. There are many reports (30) rings are found years later inside the stomachs of sharks, and other kinds of fish. (B)The Worlds Best RestaurantOne day, my colleague and I went to visit a factory in Marinjab. As we drove back along the long road, (31) of us were hungry and tired. Our only hope was of finding a small roadside caf to have some weak tea and a little sugar.Just then we came to a village made of small huts with flat roofs. Outside one of the many huts (32) (be) a sign, “ghahvehkhaneh” (caf) so we went in. It was cool inside, and the owner came in from the back and greeted us. “Good afternoon,” he said, (33) perfect English. “My name is Hosseini. We do not usually get any foreigners here. It will be a pleasure and an honour to prepare a meal for you.”A pale-faced lady appeared with a tablecloth, and some knives and forks, shortly followed by Mr Hosseini himself, (34) (carry) a couple of bowls of soup. (35) (make) with spinach and yoghurt, it was the most delicious soup I have ever eaten. Soon, the next courses arrived. We ate in silence, and finished with Turkish coffee. We asked Mr Hosseini how much it (36) (cost), and I can tell you it was astonishingly cheap. I told a lot of friends about the meal I had, but no one believed me. “How (37) you get such a meal in such a remote place?” an English engineer friend asked me.A few months (38) (late), I returned on exactly the same route with this engineer friend. We reached the village but there was no sign of the caf. It seemed (39) the building had never existed. We drove away disappointed. Naturally, my companion laughed at me. “You have a wonderful imagination,” he said. I dont have any explanation. I only know that I definitely had a meal in this village, in a caf (40) , ever since, I have called “the worlds best restaurant”. Section B(10分)A. allowedB. broadcastC. checkedD. complaintsE. degradeF. entertainG. fictionalH. figuresI. remoteJ. seriesK. unpleasantReality TV began in the early 1980s, when a Japanese television company made a programme, Endurance. Starting with thousands of contestants in the first show, the programme presenters made them do really difficult and 41 things in every episode (集). The presenters made fun of the contestants, too. Viewing 42 in Japan were enormous.In another reality TV programme, Survivor, sixteen people are taken to a(n) 43 island and made to stay there for more than a month. They have to find their own food or go hungry. The producers let the contestants take one luxury item each. Every three days, one contestant must leave the island and the last person wins 1 million.Its not just adults who take part in these shows. A television 44 in Britain in 2003, Thatll teach em, took 30 teenagers and put them in a(n) 45 Kings school, where they lived for one month and received 1950s-style tuition. The pupils were made to wear thick 1950s school uniforms (including a school hat) during the hot summer and they had to do a long run every day. “They made us have cold showers and we had to have our hands 46 every day to see if they were clean,” says one pupil. “We couldnt take anything from our modern lives into the school.” Although there was no prize money in this programme, the teenagers learned a lot from the experience.In 2004, there was a programme in Britain where contestants were not 47 to sleep for seven days to try to win 97,000 prize money. The winner was 19-year-old Clare Southern. However, this programme had many 48 from viewers.But where will it stop? Programmes like this are 49 all over the world. But there are people who think that these programmes 50 both the contestants and the viewers, and feel that contestants are often made to do dangerous things to make good television.III. Reading Comprehension Section A(15分)Think of three historical figures. What do you know about them? Where did you get your information from? The chances are that you either read it somewhere or someone who read it somewhere told you about it. Did you ever 51 who wrote down these facts? How can you be sure that they are 52 ? The thing is, many historical “facts” are not like what you know about them.Lets think about the 53 of America. Whats the first name that comes to mind? More than likely its Christopher Columbus. But is it the case? He had 54 to reach Asia and thats where he thought he was when he came to America. But there were many people there before him. The first ones were 55 the Native Americans, thousands of years before 1492. Even the Vikings had made a number of expeditions, with Leif Eriksson landing there in around 1000 A.D. Perhaps Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, was the discoverer of America. 56 , unlike Columbus before him, he was the first fifteen-century explorer to realize where he was, or rather, where he definitely wasnt. So, maybe the word “re-discover” is more 57 when it comes to Columbus, if history is to give him any credit at all.Everyone believes such historical “facts” because, like you, they got them from what they thought was a 58 source. But how can such things be written down in the first place? One of the reasons must be that history is seldom “cut and dried”. The events are often complicated and 59 . Another reason is that such “facts” always 60 a grain of truth. Columbus was not the first person to travel to America, but he was the first fifteen-century explorer to go there. His “re-discovery” was, from a historical point of view, extremely 61 for Europe since his voyages opened up large-scale commerce between Europe and America.History has 62 been written by the winners. If the conquered peoples had written the history of the discovery of the New World, it would most probably have been very different, but not necessarily objective: the point of view of the conquered can be just as 63 as the point of view of the conqueror. But that is not the 64 story. The writing of history depends not only on the “side” the writer is on, but also on the culture and attitudes of the era it is written in.History is always 65 . So, remember: when you read history, take it with a pinch of salt.51. A. go overB. make upC. see toD. think about 52. A. completeB. funnyC. strangeD. true53. A. conquerB. developmentC. discoveryD. foundation54. A. gone onB. set outC. turned outD. taken on55. A. certainlyB. historicallyC. necessarilyD. unbelievably56. A. In additionB. After allC. To sum upD. For example57. A. accurateB. commonC. harmoniousD. familiar58. A. politicalB. secretC. reliableD. thorough59. A. messyB. clearC. properD. evil60. A. exhibitB. overlookC. abandonD. contain 61. A. pointlessB. significantC. troublesomeD. purposeful62. A. traditionallyB. exceptionallyC. marvelouslyD. unconsciously63. A. impersonalB. changeableC. prejudicedD. thoughtful64. A. realB. wholeC. famousD. false65. A. inevitableB. importantC. unexpectedD. subjective Section B (24分) (A)Home to 8.2 million people, 36 percent of whom were born outside the United States, New York, known as the Big Apple, is the biggest city in America. Nearly twenty times bigger than the capital, Washington DC, you might expect New York to be twenty times more dangerous. Actually, its safer. Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100,000 people than 193 other US cities. Its also healthier than it used to be. For example, the smoking rate has gone down from 21.5 percent a few years ago, to 16.9 percent today.New Yorkers should be delighted, shouldnt they? In fact, many feel that New York is losing its identity. It used to be the city that never sleeps. These days its the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple. If you decided to have a picnic in Central Park, youd need to be carefulif you decided to feed the birds with your sandwich, you could be arrested. Its banned. In many countries a mobile phone going off in the cinema is annoying. In New York its illegal. So is putting your bag on an empty seat in the subway. If you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldnt it? Er no. You cant smoke in public in New York City. In fact, you cant smoke outdoors on the street or in parks either. The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, says, “Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray.” He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray.But not all of New Yorks inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugarry, seventy-two, said, “The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws, America would be a better place to live.” The new laws have helped turn the city into one of the healthiestand most pleasant places to live in Americavery different from its old image of a dirty and dangerous city. Its pavements are almost litter-free, its bars clean and its streets among Americas safest. Not putting your bag on subway seats might be a small price to pay.66. The author writes Paragraph 1 in order to tell the reader that New York is _. A. bigger than Washington D.C.B. the city with most immigrantsC. safer and healthierD. the most populated city in the U.S.67. Which of the following is forbidden by law in New York? A. Eating sandwich in the Central Park.B. Putting a bag on an empty subway seat. C. Turning on the sound of the mobile phone.D. Smoking at home.68. What does Graydon Carter imply? A. Some of New Yorks new laws are not reasonable. B. A gun is much easier to get than an ashtray. C. The police had no right to take away his ashtray. D. There should be a law to keep guns away from people.69. What is the authors attitude towards New Yorks new laws? A. Supportive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Uninterested(B)With the price of DNA sequencing falling, and the increasing smartness of handheld electronics and point-of-care diagnostics, the prospect of personalised medicine fine-tuned to a patients genetic make-up no longer seems a far-off dream. Health apps are already giving the public unprecedented opportunities to monitor and manage their own fitness; in the future, were promised, technology and genomics (基因组学) will combine to change the patients experience.As major projects like UK governments 100,000 Genomes Project gear up to provide the fundamental medical science this future will need, what differences will this new era of personalised healthcare delivera medicine for our ills, or a Pandoras Box?And are weand our health servicesready for it?70. All of the following are very likely to be invited to the debate advertised above EXCEPT _. A. doctorsB. biologistsC. engineersD. accountants71. What is the topic of the debate? A. The reason why reading our genes wont be as expensive as it is now. B. The changes that personlised healthcare may bring about. C. How health apps will become in the future. D. How society responds to technology development.72. Which of the following statements is true according the advertisement? A. Reading peoples genes will soon be as easy as taking a beach holiday. B. Handheld electronics play a very important part in the development of medicine. C. Its not certain whether this new era of healthcare will do us good or not. D. Scientists and health services are well prepared for the changes that may happen. (C)In 1851, Auguste Comte, the French philosopher and father of sociology, coined the new word altruism as part of a drive to create a non-religious religion based on scientific principles.He defined it as “intentional action for the welfare of others that involves at least the possibility of either no benefit or a loss to the actor”. At that time, studies of animal behavior and phrenology (颅相学) led him to locate egotistical (自我本位的) instincts at the back of the brain, altruistic ones at the front.Today, we have a far more sophisticated knowledge of the neurological (神经学的) and biochemical factors that underpin kind behavior. And this science forms the bases of two books aimed at general readersbut also at those who, despite the research, still doubt the existence of altruism.However, the books may end up providing more information for the naysayers. Take The Altruistic Brain by neuroscientist Donald Pfaff. On solid scientific ground, he builds a five-step theory of how altruism occurs, which depends on an idea that is unconvincing and may achieve the opposite result. Pfaff argues that to act altruistically you should first visualize the receiver of your good will, then mentally transform their image into your own, “from angle to angle and curve to curve”. Does it really work?At the core of evolutionary biologist David Sloan Wilsons Does Altruism Exist? is another contentious (有争议的) idea: altruism has evolved as the result of group selection. But Wilson argues his corner masterfully, providing a clever reply to the belief that natural selection occurs only at the level of the selfish gene: “Selfishness beats altruism within groups. Altruistic groups beat selfish groups,” he says.In other words, we cooperate when doing so gives our team the advantage. That doesnt sound very selfless either.Wilson acknowledges this, but argues that thoughts and feelings are less important than actions. According to evolutionary theory, pure altruists do exist, but it doesnt matter why people choose to help otherstheir reasons may be difficult even for themselves to understand. What matters is that humans can coordinate their activities in just the right way to achieve common goals. Other animals do this too, but we are masters. “Teamwork is the signature adaptation of our species,” he says.Pfaff goes further, insisting that our brain biology “urges us to be kind”. He believes this knowledge alone will inspire individuals to be more altruistic. His desire to create a better world is admirable and some of his ideas are interesting, but Wilsons analysis is clearer.While it is in our nature to be altruistic, Wilson says, we also have a healthy regard for self-interest and a resistance to being pushed around. Which one comes to the fore depends on the environment in which we find ourselves. Ethics, he says, cannot be taught at individual level, but are “a property of the whole system”.73. Which of the following can be considered an altruistic behaviour according to Comtes definition? A. A person offers to donate his liver to another who needs one. B. A clerk returns the umbrella to his colleague which he has kept for a long time . C. A student volunteers to work in the orphanage to collect data for his research. D. A police officer spots a car parking in the no-parking area, finding a child in the trunk.74. The word “naysayers” (in paragraph 4) most probably means _. A. people who take a positive attitudeB. people who doubts something C. people who have no say in an areaD. people who are experts in an area75. What does Donald Pfaff think people should do in order to altruistically? A. Draw a picture of the person they are going to help. B. Transform the receiver into a kind person. C. Visualize what they are going to do in mind first. D. Imagine they themselves are to be helped.76. Which of the following statements is David Sloan most likely to agree with in his book? A. Being kind is not something people are born with. B. People in groups are less likely to be selfish. C. People may well act selflessly because of where they are. D. Most people know clearly why they are ready to help others. 77. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Figuring out what makes us behave selflessly is a tricky business. B. Unlike Donald Pfaffs book, David Sloans book aims at professional readers. C. Comtes definition of altruism proves to be impractical in modern times. D. Both Donald Pfaff and David Sloan lay emphasis on team work. SectionD(8分) Ellie is a psychologist, and a good one at that. Smile in a certain way, and she knows precisely what your smile means. She listens to what you say, processes eve