广东省2015高考英语基础写作技能解析.doc

教学课题广东省高考英语基础写作专题一教学目标知识目标：1.了解广东省高考英语写作要求 2.熟练掌握基础写作中的调查报告 3. 熟练掌握人物地点描写 4.掌握提出建议体裁基础写作教学重点与难点掌握使用不同的词汇，句型描写1. 调查报告 词汇引入：1. as for how to至于怎样2. update the website更新网站3. 50% of the girls 50%的女生4. next in line接下来; 位居第二5. compared with同比起来6. communicate with与交流7. account for/take up占(多少比例)8. be in favor of. 支持/赞成9. as far as sb. is concerned就某人看来10. have a lot in common有很多共同点11. get along well with. 与相处融洽12. arouse their interest激发了他们的兴趣13. have a better understanding of更好地了解 14. put. in the second place把放在第二位15. rank the first place / rank first / be in the first place排在第一位 相关句式：1. Last week, we did a survey among 2, 600 students on “Who Is Your Idol”. 上周我们就“谁是你的偶像”在2, 600人中进行了调查。2. Recently our League Committee has carried out a survey, whose results are as follows. 最近我们团委进行了一次调查, 其结果如下。3. According to the survey, about half of the students will go to their classmates or friends when in trouble. 根据调查结果, 大约一半的学生有困难的时候会去找他们的同学或朋友。4. Different persons may have different choices on how to spend pocket money. 关于怎样用零花钱, 不同的人有不同的选择。5. A recent survey suggests that students are different from each other in learning styles. 最近的一项调查显示, 学生在学习方式上是各有差异的。6. As is shown in the survey, drunk driving may result in serious accidents. 正如调查所显示的那样, 酒后驾驶会导致严重事故。技巧点拨：1. 注意审题, 转换图表。撰写调查报告时, 通常需要结合图表, 观察、对比调查数据, 并把调查结果和数据转换为文字表达, 并按写作内容给出的要点按顺序进行写作 。2. 确定时态, 规范全文。引出报告结果或数据时，发表议论和个人观点, 通常用一般现在时。若出现具体的时间状语, 如last year,next year, recently等时, 应根据具体使用适当的时态。3. 变换表达, 丰富语汇。调查报告中多出现相同内容的描述或分析, 为避免重复, 建议使用不同语言和句式表达同类信息。(2010年广东)上周, 我们以“谁是你的偶像”为题, 在2600名考生中进行了一次调查(survey)。以下是调查数据：写作内容根据以上数据, 写一篇短文, 包括以下内容：1. 调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；2. 男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异；3. “父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异；4. 男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同；5. 你的偶像及理由。_例题导写1. 认真审题, 理清要点。第一点写作内容“调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象”是在表格以外的写作引入说明部分找到具体信息, 第二至四写作点中, 要求找出男女生数据的“差异”，写作时要一语中的, 第五点写作内容则让考生自由表达观点。2. 第五点写作内容, 给予考生很大的发挥空间,也是体现考生写作水平的很好机会。考生尽量避免使用“I like Jay Chow because he is handsome.”等语言简单、观点肤浅的句子，而应该运用高级语句, 争取高分, 如：My idol is Langlang because he is a person with strong determination. 或The person I admire most is Gou Jian because he is able to realize his dream with his courage and strong will.参考范文 Last week, we did a survey among 2, 600 students on “who is your idol”. The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, while 48% of the boys figure sports stars. As the data shows, “parents” ranks the second for the girls, but the fourth for the boys. However, the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life. 能力提高一、填空 请用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Recently, I _ (survey) my classmates about their views on the new English textbook. According to the survey, 80% of the students are quite satisfied with it, while 15% _ (dislike) it and 5% _ (have) no opinion. Students who _(like) it say the pictures with the texts are very attractive, which greatly arouse their interest in learning. Moreover, the book is very interesting, _(cover) many hot topics and _(provide) lots of cultural knowledge of the world. However, students who dislike it _(complain) there _(be) too many new words and difficult sentences, _(make) the texts difficult to understand. In conclusion, the new English textbook _ (help) most students improve their English enormously already. 2. The result _ (show) that 75% of the students _(be) in favor of surfing the Internet for information last year. And the data also _(suggest) that the number _(continue) to rise next year.答案：1. have surveyed 2. dislike 3. have 4. Like 5. covering.6 providing 7.complaining 8.are 9. making 10. helps 1. shows 2. are 3. suggests 4. will continue写作内容 根据以上数据，写一篇调查报告, 内容包括：1. 调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象;2. 愿意网上购物的人占调查人数的百分比；3.人们愿意在网上购物的主要原因；4. 人们不愿意在网上购物的主要原因；5. 本次调查的结论。参考范文 Last month, our company carried out a survey about shopping on line among 1000 interviewees younger than 35 years old. 64% of those interviewed are willing to shop on line, mainly because they think the Internet makes it convenient for them to buy what they need although they are staying at home.Besides, they believe that goods on line are cheaper, with a variety of brands to choose from. The rest of the interviewees dont want to shop on line, claiming that goods on sale on the Internet might be fake and that they are worried about being cheated out of money. In conclusion, only by guarding against the disadvantages of on-line shopping will more and more people choose the shop on line.精华点评 考生写作时必须排除不必要信息的干扰, 因写作内容中并没有要求写“不愿意网上购物的人所占百分比为32%”这一信息点, 所以不必把表格内容全部翻译。此外, 写作时尽量使用与写作内容相对应的英语翻译, 使文章表达更切题。 例如, 写作内容中出现“主要原因”和“结论”这些重要的写作线索, 考生应该尽量使用与之相应的语句进行翻译, 如“.for the main reason that.; .mainly because; In conclusion; Finally, we arrive at the conclusion that.”, 使阅卷老师对写作信息一目了然，以获取高分。2. 提倡建议1. cover topics like. 涵盖的主题有2. arouse ones interest 激发某人的兴趣3. get involved in 参与，涉及4. be well-received 广受欢迎5. make some suggestions 提一些建议6. protect our environment 保护我们的环境7. the environmental pollution 环境污染8. be of great benefit to. 对大有好处9. get well-prepared (for)(为)做好充分的准备10. take responsibility to do sth. 有责任做某事11. the coming speech contest 即将到来的演讲比赛12. leave a deep impression on 给留下深刻的印象13. take my suggestion into consideration 考虑我的建议14. have the chance to do sth. 有机会做某事15. help students improve their English 帮助学生提高英语水平相关句型1. The main reason is that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for other activities.其主要原因是父母的压力使他们几乎没有时间参加其他活动。2. The reason why Im late is that I missed the bus. 我迟到的原因是没赶上公共汽车。3. I like it very much mainly for two reasons.我喜欢它, 主要有两个原因。4. In my opinion, there are three reasons for this.在我看来, 有三个原因。5. My views are based on the following reasons. 我的观点是基于以下理由。6. The reasons for this are as follows.其理由如下。7. So I suggest that you take your friends advice. 因此, 我建议你接受你朋友的建议。8. Here I have some suggestions.这里我有几条建议。9. It would be better if you could share more of the housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking. 如果你能分担更多的家务, 如扫地、洗衣、做饭, 那就更好了。技巧点拨：1. 在建议倡议的写作中, 应开门见山指出写作目的, 陈述建议或倡议的内容。如：I am writing to give suggestions about. (建议信)或In order to., I am going to make the following suggestions (倡议书)2. 建议倡议类型的作文都有相关的一些固定句型, 考生需要熟练掌握使用这些句型和相关的语法。比如, 在句中使用到advise, suggest或advice, suggestion等表示建议的词时, 要考虑到虚拟语气的使用典型案例：广州某电视台打算开办一个面向中学生观众的英语节目, 新聘任了来自英国的John作为节目编辑助理。现在, John就节目内容向广大中学生征求意见。写作内容假如你是学生李华, 建议开办“广州全接触” (All-round Guangzhou)节目。请根据以下节目设想给John写信：_例题导写 确定文体。建议信属于应用文信件类的范畴, 写作的时候一般使用将来时或者一般现在时。建议信在于给对方合理并且能够接受的建议, 考生应该注意使用一些委婉的语气。信息重组。我们可以把题中信息整合成以下5个汉语句子：1. 节目包括广州的历史、教育、著名景点、饮食、名人。2. 建议每周六、日举办，方便学生周末观看。3. 建议邀请中学生参加节目, 激发学生的收看兴趣。4. 这个可以使中学生更多地了解广州文化, 还有助于提高中学生的英语水平, 这样他们就能向外国游客介绍广州。5. 我肯定这个节目一定会收到中学生的欢迎词语翻译 翻译或完成下列词或短语。难句翻译： 翻译下列每组句子并合并成一句。句1：(1) (这个节目将于)每周六、日(播放)。(1) It would be better to broadcast it on weekends. / I suggest that the program be broadcast on weekends. / It is a good idea to broadcast it on weekends.(2)方便学生周末观看。(2)We students can have the chance to watch it. /It will be convenient for us students to watch it.合并：It would be better to broadcast it on weekends so that we students can have the chance to watch it.(因果关系, 可以使用so. that.句型)句2： (3) (你也可以)邀请中学生参加节目。(3)You can also invite some middle school students to get involved in / take part in the program.(4) (这个节目可以)提高学生的收看兴趣。(4) It will surely arouse /spark /stimulate other students interest in it.合并： You can also invite some middle school students to get involved in / take part in the program, which will surely arouse / spark / stimulate other students interest in it.(补充说明关系, 可以使用which非限制性定语从句)句3：(5)(这个节目帮助)中学生可以更多地了解广州文化。(5) This program can get them to know more about the culture of Guangzhou.(6) (中学生可以)向外国游客介绍广州。(6) The students can introduce Guangzhou to foreign visitors. (7) (这个节目)有助于提高中学生的英语水平。(7) This program helps students improve their English.合并： Not only will this program help students improve their English, but also get them to know more about the culture of Guangzhou so as to introduce Guangzhou to foreign visitors.(第5个句子和第7个句子是并列关系, 因此我们可以用not only.but also.这组连词把它们连接起来, 并且注意统一主语,第6句是作者提出建议的原因, 可以用so as to 引导出目的状语。)参考范文 Dear John，I know youre going to set up an English program for middle school students. So Im writing to suggest a program “All-round Guangzhou”. This program will cover topics like the history, education, famous scenic spots, food and famous people of Guangzhou. It would be better to broadcast it on weekends so that we students can have the chance to watch it.Besides, you can also invite some middle school students to get involved in the program, which will surely arouse other students interest in it. Not only will this program help students improve their English, but also get them to know more about the culture of Guangzhou so as to introduce Guangzhou to foreign visitors. I am sure it will be well-received by the middle school students. I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration. Sincerely yours, Li Hua 连句成篇。考生把句子合并成篇章的时候, 需要注意建议信常用的一些句型结构。如在建议信开头表示来信的目的, 如：You have asked me for my advice on.and I will try to make suggestions./ Thanks for trusting me. /Regarding., Id like to make some suggestions等句型。在表示建议的时候, 考生可以使用I feel that it would be beneficial if./ I would like to suggest that.等句型。另外, 考生若是使用虚拟语气的句子If I were you, I would., 也会让文章增色不少。写作内容1. 说明回信的意图；2. 向小明提出建议；3. 预祝小明比赛成功。Dear Xiaoming，_Yours，Li Hua参考范文Dear Xiaoming, You have told me that you are very nervous about the coming speech contest and I will try to make some suggestions which I hope can help you. In my opinion, you should get well prepared before the speech contest by practicing before a mirror.Besides, you had better use a brief and concise language in your speech so that you can leave a deep impression on the judges. When you are giving the speech, remember to keep smile and even if you forget your words, dont be panic and just continue your speech, because no one will notice it. Wish you success in the speech! Yours， Li Hua精华点评：建议信的写作关键在于作者给出建议的语气委婉而中肯, 使对方容易接受。很多考生习惯使用祈使句或者You should的句型表示建议, 这样比较生硬，因此考生转换不同的句型使语言丰富, 如范文中使用了you should., you had better., remember to do等句型。在最后祝愿对方成功的时候, 可以用简明扼要的句型, 如wish you good luck / wish you success / may you succeed, 使文章长短句结合得当。3. 人物地点描写A. 怎样写人物简介（一）人物简介的写作步骤；1）age, sex, birth-place, background2）appearance ,character3）education4）big events in his or her life ( in order of time )5）evaluation(二) 语法，句法高分tipsA. 概况 （尽量用同位语结构，使文章简洁，通顺) 如；1) Born in Poland on Nov. 7 ,1867, Madam Curie is a great scientist.2) Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12th, 1809. 3) Born in a poor clerks family, Charles Dickens, a great novelist, had little schooling.4) Sun Showier, a world champion in diving, is a boy of 14 from Guangdong. B外貌,性格 (巧用with做定语) 如；1) He is near-sighted /far-sighted guy with a pair of glasses on his nose. 2) She is good-looking /ordinary-looking/funny-looking with long beautiful hair.3) He is a tall and thin guy with thick eyebrows, looking very handsome.4) Born in Germany, Einstein is a great scientist with an extraordinary imagination. 常用描写人物的形容词:determined (有毅力的)competent 有能力的warm - hearted热心肠的easy - going温和宽容的energetic(精力充沛)generous(慷慨的)intelligent（精明的）ambitious(雄心的)forgetful(健忘的)honest (诚实的)humorous（幽默的）independent (独立的)diligent（勤奋的）cautious (谨慎的)talkative（多话的)healthy（健康的）attractive（有吸引力的）patient (耐心的)strict (严格的)modest(谦虚的)considerate(考虑周到的)outstanding (杰出的)optimistic(乐观的)enthusiastic（热情的）absent - minded心不在焉bad - tempered 脾气不好pessimistic(悲观的)C. 教育经历 (注意尽量用非谓语动词, 使文章精炼) 如；1）Majored in Science, he graduated from a famous University in the north and after 4 years, he went abroad for further studies.2）Graduated from the department of English of Zhongshan University, she went on further education and received a doctors degree.D生平 (尽量用复合句倒装,非限定定语从句等，润色文章)如；1）Not only is he interested in science, but also he has a gift for music.2）He set a new world record of swimming, which won a gold medal for China Team.3）So hard does he work that he devotes almost all his lifetime to our human cause.4）With great determination and perseverance, he took 37 years to finish the book, which makes a great contribution to China.E评估 （注意运用一些动词,形容词等短语，词组）如；1）Leifeng set us a good example ,so all the people spoke highly of him and all respected him .2）He is one of the greatest novelists in China and will be always remembered as an outstanding man.3）We sing high praise for his brave stories, and his heroic story will spread all of China.4）Lishizhen makes great contributions to Medical literature.（三）实例分析 1.请根据以下提示，用英语给“中国日报”写一篇简讯介绍我国著名的跨栏运动员-刘翔，内容要点如下：刘翔中国第一个男子奥运田径冠军(track champion)籍贯：生日上海；1983最值得骄傲的事1）雅典奥运会平世界纪录2）2006年瑞士洛桑田径超级大奖赛冠军（a super grand prix in Lausanne, Switzerland），打破沉睡13年之久英国运动员保持的世界纪录下一个目标2008北京奥运会夺冠，为国争光注意：1）要有标题。2）介绍必须包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条译成英语。 写作要求只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。 评分标准句子结构的准确性，信息内容的完整性和连贯性。_2. 根据下列提示，写一篇介绍我国著名的水稻专家袁隆平的文章。1袁隆平, 1937年9月7日出生在重庆的一个贫困农民家庭。21953年毕业于西南农学院，毕业后被分配到湘西农校任教。31964年开始从事水稻研究。1981年荣获我国第一个国家发明特等奖，被国际上誉为“杂交水稻之父”。4生活简朴，不计名利。 注意：1）要有标题。2）介绍须包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条译成英语。写作要求只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。 评分标准句子结构的准确性，信息内容的完整性和连贯性。 _范文参考1介绍刘翔Liuxiang-Our Pride Born in 1983, Shanghai, Liuxiang is Chinas first male Olympic track champion. To our pride, Liuxiang set the world record of Olympics Games in Athens. Whats more, in 2006, he broke the world record and got the cham