基础综合英语(研究生)Unit1.ppt

Unit1Education main Warm up Brainstorming Listthewordsrelatedtoeducation Warm up Tips freshmansophomorejuniorstudentseniorstudentundergraduatestudentgraduatestudent postgraduatestudentmaster sdegreebachelor sdegreedoctorstudent doctorcandidatepostdoctorstudentalumni alumnusprofessorteachingfellowtutor mentor director supervisordeandepartmentpresidentfaculty Warm up Brainstorming Listthewordsrelatedtoeducation Warm up Tips takethecoursedropthecourseregistersignupforthecoursepickup learncancelfullselectivecourse electivecourse optionalcourserequirement requiredcourse compulsorylectureseminarcreditintroductorycourseadvancedcoursehomework assignment projectbookreportpresentationreadinglistdeadlinedueextensionpaper essaytermpaperthesisproposal Warm up Brainstorming Listthewordsrelatedtoeducation Warm up Tips referenceroomperiodicalroomcopierstudyloungelibrariancatalogueindexvolumelibrarycardwritingpermissionbookreservationjournalperiodicalquarterlycurrentissuebackissuelatestnumber PartA Lead in1 Pre listening Listening WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Youwillheara23 year oldAmericanwomantalkingaboutherdissatisfactionwiththeUSeducationalsystemandexplainingwhyit snotgoodformanychildren Beforelistening readthefollowingkeywordsandphrasesselectedfromthetalkandguesswhatproblemsthewomanwasreferringto Tellapartneryourguessesandfindoutwhathe shethinks PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA Lead in2 Pre listening Listening WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA WordBuilding WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Listening Matcheachwordsandexpressionsintheleftcolumnwithitsmeaningintheright A esp ofaperson sexperience fullofdifferenttypesofactivity completeandvariedB tomakethingsofthesametypeallhavethesamebasicfeaturesC theactorprocessofarranginginseparatelevelsD intheoppositewaytowhathasjustbeensaidE best mostlikelytobringsuccessoradvantage 1 optimal2 well rounded3 standardize4 stratification5 viceversa PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA WordBuilding WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Listening optimal Fillinthefollowingblankswiththefollowingwords 1 Thismaybeanindividuallyregulation butnotfortheorganizationcompletely 2 Hehasabackgroundinmanagement 3 Inordertoinheritancebywill everycountryhasformulatedaninheritanceact well rounded standardize PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation standardizewell roundedviceversastratificationoptimal PartA WordBuilding WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Listening 4 Wehavearangebetweenrichcountriesandpoorcountries butmeansmuchmorethanrelativepercapitaincome 5 Itiswrongtodealwithaminoroffenceasifitwereamajoroneand stratification viceversa PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation standardizewell roundedviceversastratificationoptimal PartA BackgroundInformation WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening 1 SATSAT formerlycalledtheScholasticAptitudeTestandScholasticAssessmentTest 学业能力倾向测验 isatypeofstandardizedtestthatmeasuresverbalandmathematicalreasoningabilitiesthatdevelopovertime ItisfrequentlyusedbycollegesanduniversitiesintheUnitedStatestoassessandselectstudentswhocomefromschoolsusing Listening PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA BackgroundInformation WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening differentgradingsystemsorclassranking AlthoughadmissioncriteriatotheseuniversitiesalsoincludeGPA 平均积分点 teacherrecommendationsandparticipationinextracurricularactivities somecollegeshaveathresholdscorethatautomaticallyqualifiesordisqualifiesacandidateforadmission Listening PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA BackgroundInformation WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Listening 2 ACTTheACT originallyabbreviationofAmericanCollegeTesting isastandardizedtestforhighschoolachievementandcollegeadmissionsintheUnitedStatesproducedbyACT Inc Itwasfirstadministeredinfall1959byEverettFranklinLindquistasacompetitortotheCollegeBoard sScholasticAptitudeTest nowtheSATReasoningTest SomestudentswhoperformpoorlyontheSATfindthattheyperformbetterontheACTandviceversa TheACTtesthashistoricallyconsistedoffourtests English math reading andsciencereasoning InFebruary2005 anoptionalwriting PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA BackgroundInformation WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening testwasaddedtotheACT mirroringchangestotheSATthattookplacelaterinMarchofthesameyear Allfour yearcollegesanduniversitiesintheU S accepttheACT Listening PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA BackgroundInformation WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA BackgroundInformation WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening 3 vocationalschoolAvocationalschool sometimesreferredtoasatradeschoolorcareercollege isoneoperatedforthepurposeofgivingitsstudentstheskillsneededtoperformacertainjob Theareasofconcentrationmostfrequentlyofferedbyvocationaleducationprogramsarebusiness tradeandindustry health agriculture familyandconsumersciences marketing andtechnology IntheUSA vocationalschoolsareusuallyapost secondaryschool butinsomeinstancesmaytaketheplaceofthefinalyearsofhighschool Listening PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA BackgroundInformation WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA Listening1 Pre listening Listening Listentothetalk Choosefromthefollowingoptionsthetwomajorproblemsthespeakerwasconcernedabout PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA Listening2 Pre listening Listening a There snopressureonstudentstobeaswell roundedaspossible b There sverylittleemphasisondevelopingstudents specialinterests c Teachersarenotgivenachancetodoanythingcreativewiththeirclasses d Teachersarenotawareoftheirstudents needsandinterests e Someoftheso called badkids areisolatedfromtheotherstudents f Somestudentsarenotawareoftheirweakpartsinstudy Problem1 b e Problem2 PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation TospeakingOne English PartA Listening3 Listentothetalkagainandcompletethefollowingsentences 1 Thewoman smajorincollegewas 2 Shedidalotofthinkingaboutthewaythatisrun 3 Alotofclassesthatyou reforcedtotakeinhighschoolarenot 4 Inheropinion whenthere salotofpressureonstudentstobeaswell roundedaspossible itmightbecomeimpossibleforthemtotoanygreatdegree systemintheUnitedStates theeducation gearedtowardswhatyouaregoingtobedoing developanyonepartofthemselves Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA Listening4 5 Thekidsareveryawareofthewaythey rebythe bytheirteachersandbytheir Theyfeelthatthey rebadkids 6 Theteachersnevertrytodoanythingwiththoseclasses perceived educators peers creative Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation TospeakingOne PartA Listening sprit Pre listening Listening WhenIwasincollegeIhadanEnglishmajorandforawhileIconsideredgoingintoteaching WhileIwasexploringthepossibilityofbecomingateacher IdidalotofthinkingaboutthewaythattheeducationsystemintheUnitedStatesisrun AndIdisagreewithalotofthewaysthatthingsseemtohappenandhavehappenedforalongtimeinoureducationalsystem Uh peopledon tseemtorecognizevariouskindsofintelligence theyseemtojustwanttogivestandardizedtestsandpegyouforwhatyouarecapableofveryearlyonyoureducation I vealwaysfeltthatalotofclassesthatyou reforcedtotakeinhighschoolarenotreallygearedtowardswhatyouaregoingtobedoing There sverylittleemphasisonyourownspecialinterests Uh everybody ssortoftreatedlikethey rethesameperson Everythingisverygeneralized There salotofuh there salotofpressureonstudentstobeaswell roundedaspossible Ithinkbeingwell roundedisn treallypossiblebecauseitbecomes PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA Listening sprit Pre listening Listening impossibletodevelopanyonepartofyourselfum toanygreatdegree Andasaresultpeoplecan tgetintogoodcollegesifthey yaknow haven t yaknow scoredthe therightthingonthemathsectionofSAT eveniftheyarebrilliantwriters andviceversa Youknow um peoplejustreallyarenotgivenachance Ithink inalotofcases Anotherthingthatreallydisturbsmeisthewaythatstudentsareseparatedfromeachother Igotinvolvedwithvocationaleducation uh whichmeansthatthekidsgoouttoatechnicalortradeschoolforpartoftheweek andthentheycomebacktothehomeschoolfortheotherpartoftheweekandtheytaketheiracademicclasses However thosekidsarekeptseparatefromtherestoftheschoolalmostasifthey rebelowthem There salotofstratification Um atanyrateIfeelthatthekidsareveryawareofthewaythatthey reperceivedbytheeducators bytheirteachersand yaknow bytheirpeers AndIthinkthat PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation PartA Listening sprit Pre listening Listening it itcausesthemtoactinawaythat is notreallyoptimal Andthat sprettysadtome IactuallyhadkidstellmewhenIwasteachingthem yaknow we rethejustbadclass we yaknow it snotthatwehaveaproblemwithyoupersonally yaknow wearejustbad wearebadkids becauseprettymuchthatwaswhattheyfelttheywere Andyaknow theirclasseswereverylimiting uhtheteachersnevertrytodoanythingcreativewiththoseclasses Ithinkthatmanyofthekidsinthatclasswereintelligent butneveractuallyrealizedtheirpotentialbecauseofthewaytheyweretrackedveryearlyontheireducation PartA PartB PartC ProblemswithUSEducation TospeakingOne PartB leadin1 YouwillhearanexcerptofaninterviewwithProfessorHowardGardner Americaneducatorandpsychologist Beforelistening readwhatProfessorGardnersaidintheinterviewandguessthequestionsraisedbytheinterviewer Compareyourguesseswithapartner s WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB leadin2 Pre listening BackgroundInformation Question1 ProfessorGardner whatdidyoufindinyourstudiestobethebiggestdifferencebetweenartseducationintheUnitedStatesandartseducationinChina Whatstruckyoumost then ProfessorGardner IwassostruckbythedifferencesbetweenartseducationintheUnitedStatesandartseducationinChina Listening WordBuilding Lead in PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB leadin3 Pre listening BackgroundInformation Question2 Manyofthe youngemperors mightnotbesowillingtolearnallthese extraskills What syouropiniononthis ProfessorGardner Chinahasthousandsofyearsofhistoryofencouragingtalentdevelopment soitisnotatallasurprisethatmanykidsaretakingafter schoolartsclasses Listening WordBuilding Lead in PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB leadin3 Pre listening BackgroundInformation Question3 Howdoyoubalanceartseducationinschoolsandartseducationbeyondschoolwalls ProfessorGardner Itisentirelytothegoodthatstudentsnowhaveopportunitiestolearnabouttheartsoutsideofclass Optimally thereshouldbeadivisionoflabourbetweenschoolsandinformaleducationalsettings Listening WordBuilding Lead in PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB leadin4 PartB WordBuilding1 Matcheachofthewordsintheleftcolumnwithitsmeaningintheright WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening doting2 requisite3 internationalization4 enrichment5 calligraphy A theactofmaking sth internationalB theartofproducing beautifulwriting oftencreatedwithaspecialpenorbrushC neededforaparticularpurposeorresultD theactofimprovingthequalityof sth esp byaddingsth elseE veryortooloving Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB WordBuilding2 WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening enrichment Fillinthefollowingblankswiththefollowingwords 1 Hisandindulgentmotherwouldpayforanythinghecouldnotafford includingcars petrolandinsurance 2 Sheexpectstoachievethetwo thirdsmajorityfornomination 3 Ineconomics hasbeenviewedasaprocessofincreasinginvolvementofenterprisesininternationalmarkets 4 Participatinginapre healthprogramisanexcellentwaytolearnwhatit sliketoworkinthatfield 5 isconsideredtobeavisualartinalotofcountries internationalization Calligraphy requisite doting Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation requisitedotingcalligraphyenrichmentinternationalization PartB BackgroundInformation1 WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Calligraphyistheartofbeautifulwriting Ineveryliterateculture handwritinghasbeenusedtopreservesacredtextsforfuturegenerations Distinctivevariationsofcalligraphyweredevelopedindifferentregionsandperiodsoftime Theshapesofthelettersdependedonthetoolsthatwereusedtomakethem InEuropeandtheNearEast scribeswrotewithquillsandreedscuttoachisel likeshape WritingwasdoneonpreparedanimalskinsuntilpaperwasintroducedfromAsia Inlaterperiods manuscriptswereadornedwithdecoratedinitialsingoldandluminouscolors leadingtotheterm illuminatedmanuscript 1 calligraphy Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB BackgroundInformation2 InAsia calligrapherswrotewithabrushonpaper theshapesoftheformsdependingonthepressureandmovementofthebrush ArabiccalligraphyhasbeeninfluencedbyIslam whichconsidersthecopyingoftheholybook theQuran asacredactivity InWesterncountries calligraphychangedaftermovabletypewasinventedinthemid 1400 s Bythe1500 s printershadassumedmanyofthetasksofbookproductionformerlydonebyhand Scribesworkedcloselywithprinterstomaketypefaces WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB BackgroundInformation3 2 oilpaintingOilpaintcanbeblendedonthepaintingsurfacetocreateacontinuousscaleoftonesandhues Manyshades especiallydarkerones wereimpossiblebeforetheinventionofthetechnique Usingoilpaint theartistcanrendersubtlechanges inlightandachieverealisticthree dimensionaleffects Evenmoreimportantfortheartist oilpaintdriesslowly allowingtheartisttoworkalmostendlesslytoperfecttheimage WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB BackgroundInformation4 Inoilpainting artistsarefreetoexpresstheirpersonalitiesthroughtheirbrushmarks Thetrailofthebrush spathacrossthepaintingsurfaceisalmostliketheartist sautograph Thisisespeciallytruewhentheartistbrushesnewpaintintotheundriedsurfacesothatitmixesfreelywithwhathaspreviouslybeenpainted Thepainter semotionscanbedetectedintheintensityofthebrushwork WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB BackgroundInformation5 3 inkandwashpaintingInkandwashpaintingisalsoknownbyitsChinesenameShuiMoHua 水墨画 Inwashpaintings asincalligraphy artistsusuallygrindtheirowninkstickoveraninkstonetoobtainink butpreparedinksarealsoavailable Mostinksticksaremadeofeitherpineoroilsootcombinedwithanimalglue Anartistputsafewdropsofwateronaninkstoneandgrindstheinkstickinacircularmotionuntilasmooth blackinkofthedesiredconcentrationismade Washpaintingbrushesaresimilartothebrushesusedforcalligraphyandaretraditionallymadefrombamboowithgoat cattle horse sheep rabbit marten badger deer boarorwolfhair Thebrushhairsaretaperedtoafinepoint afeaturevitaltothestyleofwashpaintings WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB BackgroundInformation6 Differentbrusheshavedifferentqualities Asmallwolf hairbrushthatistaperedtoafinepointcandeliveraneventhinlineofink muchlikeapen Alargewoolbrush onevariationcalledthebigcloud canholdalargevolumeofwaterandink Whenthebigcloudbrushrainsdownuponthepaper itdeliversagradedswathofinkencompassingmyriadshadesofgraytoblack Onceastrokeispainted itcannotbe changedorerased Thismakesinkandwashpaintingatechnicallydemandingart formrequiringgreatskill concentration andyearsoftraining WordBuilding Lead in BackgroundInformation Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB Listening1 ListentotheinterviewandchoosefromthefollowingoptionsthethreemajorissuesdiscussedbyProfessorGardner Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB Listening2 a Parents rolesinchildren sartseducation b Thedivisionoflaborbetweenschoolsandinformalsettingsinartseducationc China slonghistoryofencouragingtalentdevelopment d DramaticchangesinChina sartseducation e Thepopularityofafter schoolartsclassesinChina f Thecomparisonbetweenartmuseumsandcommunityartscenters g Therelationshipbetweenmodernizationandartseducation h ThedifferencesbetweenartseducationintheUnitedStatesandartseducationinChina Issue1 h e Issue2 b Issue3 Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation Disagree WhenyoungchildreninChinaweregivenanoveltaskinthearts theyperformedverywell PartB Listening3 ListentotheinterviewagainanddecidewhetherProfessorGardnerwouldagreewiththefollowingstatementsornot Givereasonsforyouranswers 1 InChinaeducationinalloftheartsisverypreciselyprescribed Agree 2 WhenchildreninChinaaregivenanewtaskinarts theycannotperformverywellbecausethey vegotlittleopportunityforfreeexploration Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation Disagree Itisnotimportantthatone explore first whatisimportantisthatonehasasignificantperiodforexploration eitherbefore during orafteronehasacquiredsomediscipline PartB Listening4 3 TheartworksproducedbyUSyoungstersdisplaybothdisciplineandcreativity Disagree Withouttherequisitediscipline theirproductsaretypicallyoflittleinterest exceptperhapstotheirdotingparents 4 Youngpeoplemustalwaysbeginwithaperiodoffreeexploration beforetheybegintoacquiredisciplineandskills Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB Listening5 Disagree Byandlarge thosegrownupstudentswhocontinuetheirareaoftalentarethosewhousethetalentprofessionallyandthosewhogainintrinsicpleasurefromtheactivity 5 Thefewerchildrenyouhave themorelikelyyouaretogiveyourchildeveryformofenrichment 6 Childrencanbenefitalotfromtakingafter schoolclassesinartseveniftheyarenotsowillingtolearnallthese extraskills Agree Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB Listening6 7 It smoreeffectiveforchildrentolearnaboutartsininformalsettingsthaninclassrooms Disagree Optimally thereshouldbeadivisionoflabourbetweenschoolsandinformalsettings 8 Schoolscouldfocusmoreonprovidingbackgroundknowledge andmuseumsmightprovidetheopportunitytostudyatopicmoredeeply Agree Pre listening Listening PartA PartB PartC ArtsEducation PartB Listening sprit1 Interviewer ProfessorGard