冠词和代词.doc

冠词和代词冠词不定冠词表示“一个、每个”或泛指某人/物，也可表示类别表示单位数量及职业身份与某些有具体意义的抽象名词连用，使其变为具体概念用在序数词前，表示“又一、再一”用在风雨或某些专有名词前表示某个叫（象）的人/一张（个/种）的画/曲子/神态在习惯用法中定冠词特指；用在独一无二的事物名词前；再次提到某人/物时在整个民族、阶级、阶层、家族前用在具有限定性定语修饰的名词前在专有名词前（国家、党派、集团、场所、山脉、河流、地区、城市、沙漠、报刊杂志、方位等）在名词化的形容词和动名词前当一个专有名词有限定性定语修饰时，加定冠词/不定冠词乐器名称前当谓语动词表示接触到人/动物的身体的某一部分时，表示该部分的名词前家定冠词在习惯用法中零位冠词专有名词前；非特指的物质名词/抽象名词前；非特指的学科、语言、餐名前；球类、棋类运动前有指示代词修饰时在习惯用法中用与不用冠词意义不同和冠词位置物质名词加冠词变为个体名词词组中有无冠词意义不同形容词最高级前不用冠词，意为“十分”感叹句中冠词在what之后Such/so, too, as, how, however在both, all, half, twice, double, x times之后Many a/an后接单数名词，表示许多代词人称、物主、反身代词人称 数与 性格第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数阳性阴性中性主格I weyouyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthey1. 人称代词的句法作用： 主语、宾语、表语She likes to read a thriller. We boys never wanted to be cowards.Her father is very fond of her.They picked him and her to represent the school in the Musical Festival.Oh, its you.I took him to be her.人称代词的指代：由and连接的单数名词用复数Their food and clothes are better than they used to be.由or/nor连接时，代词与后的名册/代词在性和数上一致Neither the boy nor his sister got what she wanted.Either Xiao Ming or his brothers study harder than they did before.指代由every/each修饰的由and连接的单数名词时，用单数代词Each student and teacher got the reference book he wanted to borrow. 词义类型我的你的他（她、它）的我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词myyourhis, her, itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourhis, hers, itsoursyourstheir 形容词性物主代词的句法作用: 定语、动名词复合结构中作逻辑主语Her pronunciations is excellent.A person should wash his hands before he eats.There is no use in my learning it.Do you still remember his coming to the evening party?名词性物主代词的句法作用: 主语、宾语、表语Ours is a great socialist country.I left my dictionary at home. May I use yours?This desk is neither yours nor mine. 数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称herself, itselfthemselves1. 反身代词的句法作用: 宾语、表语、同位语You can see yourself in the mirror.He is not quite himself today.I myself repair the machine.指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词单数复数thisthesethatthosesuch (the) same指示代词的句法作用: 主语、宾语、表语、定语This may be considered as the result of corrosion.He is not a guest and must not be treated as such.The case with him is always the same.This generator supplies power for electric motors.that指上文讲的事，this指下文讲的事I had a bad cold. That is why I didnt attend the meeting.This is what he said : “How could he do such a foolish thing?” 格数宾格所有格备注单数复数each otherone anothereach othersone anothers一般说来，指两个人/物，指两个以上的人/物相互代词的句法作用: 宾语、定语Theyll hurt each other if we dont stop them fighting.They often ask about each others studies. 格指人/物主格宾格所有格指人whowhomwhose指物what-指人/物which-疑问代词的句法作用: 主语、宾语、表语、定语Who made the worlds first compass?What are you doing now?I dont know what his view is.Which class are you in?不定代词类别词义复合形式someany一些、某些一些、任何something, somebody, someoneanything, anybody, anyonemany, much许多few, littlea few, a little很少，没有几个几个（有点）bothall两者都全体都eachevery各，每一个每一个，所有的everythingeverybody, everyoneone某个other another别的，其他的另一个eitherneither两者之一两者都不noneno没有人/物没有，无nothing, nobodyno oneGeology is the science of the earth _ whole.A) a B) as a C) is a D) it is a Do you think Janet enjoys _.A) to play piano B) playing the piano C) to play the piano D) playing with the pianoYesterday I borrowed _ book from the library. _ book is about science.A) the/the/the B) that/a/the C) a/the/x D) a/the/the_ lion is a dangerous animal.A) an B) these C) some D) a_ lion is the king of beasts. A) some B) any C) an D) the _ earth makes one revolution round _ sun in about 166 days A) the/a B) an/a C) the/the D) x/x_ good and _ beautiful do not always go together.A) the/the B) a/a/ C) the/x D) x/xIt was _ story that we nearly fell asleep.A) such long B) a long such C) a so long D) so long aHe devoted his whole life to _ building of socialism.A) the B) x C) a D) a lot She was asked _ to sing a song.A) second time B) time second C) second a time D) a second time_ nearer the planet is , _ bigger it looks;.A) the/the B) x/the C) the/x D) x/xMy brother is good at playing _ chess.A) x B) this C) these D) theWith John and _ helping him, Mr. Fisher began to build a stone wall around the garden.A) I B) my C) me D) mine I had a walk for a while _ after supper.A) my own B) by himself C) by myself D) by aloneNeither your answer nor _ is right.A) my B) mine C) hes D) him Each student should have _ schedule signed by the department chairman.A) their B) his C) its D) our _ is a great Party, a glorious Party, a correct Party.A) we have B) our C) ours D) we ourEngland is proud of _ navy.A) his B) their C) him D) herThere is still some paper on my desk. You may take all of _.A) it B) them C) which D) oneYou may leave the experiment to _.A) we three B) three of we C) us three D)three us The committee was unable to agree on a policy, and so _ decided to meet again next month.A) he B) they C) it D) sheNothing is accomplished by hurting peoples feelings; therefore, if you want to help someone, be careful to deal with _.A) that B) him C) them D) it _ had taken them much less time to cross the channel than it would if they had gone by boat.A) that B) what C) it D) thisIf we finish all of our business as planned, _ will leave for New York on Monday morning.A) you and me B) I and you C) Helen and I D) she and youIts difficult to classify mathematics as simply an art or a science, because _ contains elements of both.A) they B) it C) those D) what They all went to see the exhibition except _.A) he and I B) him and I C) him and me D) I and himHere is a picture of John, a good friend of _ , which was taken at the beach last summer.A) his and mine B) him and me C) his and my D) you and meThe primary responsibility is managing a dormitory rests with students_.A) By itself B) my itself C) themselves D) theirsWe are all the students of _ , of that man standing over there.A) Him B) his C) he D) onePrecisely the same thought sent the three of us in 2 different directions, _.A) They to San Francisco and I to New York B) them to San Francisco and I to New YorkC) them to San Francisco and me to New York D) them for San Francisco and me for New York“May I speak to Peggy?” “This is _ speaking.”A) She B) her C) him D) hersThe atmosphere of the earth is much denser than _.A) the moon B) that of the moon C) that of the moons atmosphere D) which of the moon_ seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist thinks and acts.A) that B) this C) what D) these Realizing that all _ cases are approximations, however, does not lessen their predicative usefulness in actual situations.A) such B) that C) same D) thisVacuum rubes take up a lot of space. And the radio could not work without these tubes. _ is why vacuum tube radios have to be so big.A) those B) thus C) that D) this _ a change is called a chemical change.A) that B) such C) these D) sameThe culture and customs of America are more like _ of England than of any other country A) that B) what C) which D) those The telephone rang. She said, “is _ you?” I said “White speaking.” “_ is Sarah. Didnt you get my message? ” she said.A) that/that B) this/this C) that /this D) this /thatThe mass of a body remains _, no mater where it is.A) the same B) same C) this D) like such The just struggle of the people of all countries support _A) one another B) each one other C) one after another D) another oneThe sleeves of your coat are a little longer than _.A) mine B) my coat C) that of mine D) those of mineMary asked _ had come first in the speech contest.A) that B) whom C) which D) who_is your intention.A) those B) thus C) such D) same The sun is a hot burning star giving out bright light, and _ is true of other stars.A) the same B) these C) he D) thus_ do you think is the best student in your class?A) who B) whom C) what D) of whom_ of the whaling ships sail from Norway, which is famous for its sailors.A) much B) that C) few D) manyAll electromagnetic waves travel with the speed of light, but _ have different frequencies.A) that B) all C) both D) few “Shall I connect the copper wire to the negative pole or the positive?” “_ please.”A) yes B) no C) both D) every You must wait _ time.A) a little B) little C) dew D) a few Much of the traffic which passes through the ancient gateways has not changed_.A) many B) much C) fewer D) larger Why dont you ask _ to help you?A) somebody B) everybody C) another body D) onebodyDid you see Jack and John? - no, I saw _ of them.A) either B) both C) each D) neither _ object that we see and feel possesses heat energyA) all B) every C) both D) none I have checked your answers and _ of them are correct.A) none B) every C) each D) muchA rocket is like a tube of fuel closed at one end and open at _.A) one other B) each end C) the other D) other I have classes _ day, Mondays, Wednesdays and FridaysA) each other B) every other C) this and the other D) all other I dont have _ definite plans about the research work A) some B) certain C) a few D) any Some day these small cars will take the place of todays big_.A) car B) those cars C) ones D) one A good writer is _ who can express the common place in an uncommon way.A) that B) he C) one D) this I dont like these books, I like _A) some others B) another C) some other D) the otherIn some languages we find words or expression and even grammatical forms which are used only by men and _ used only by women.A) the other B) some other C) others D) another There are lots of high-rise apartmen