《Lifestyles》教案Grammar

英语：Unit 1Lifestyles教案Grammar（1）（北师大版必修1）一. 教学内容：Unit 1 of Module I Period Three（Grammar）二. 目标与要求1、学习一般现在时态和现在进行时态。2、一般现在时态和现在进行时态表达将来的动作。3、对比一般现在时态和现在进行时态，掌握它们的用法和区别，进一步强化学生对该语法项目掌握的熟练程度和运用能力。三. 语法讲解一般现在时（一）时态构成：一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形后加-s或-es。（二）时态的用法：1、表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态和现阶段的习惯常用的时间状语有：often, sometimes, usually, always, seldom, in the morning, every day, on Sunday 等。如：He is always ready to help others.The students have sports at five every afternoon.Does he work hard?2、表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理Three plus two is five.A plane is faster than a car.China is in Asia. Light travels faster than sound.3、在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来动作。如：I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.Shell go to see him as soon as she arrives.When they come, theyll tell you something important.4、在含宾语从句的复合句中尽管主句用过去时态，但如果宾语从句所述内容是客观真理，从句谓语动词仍然用一般现在时。如：The teacher told her pupils that the sun rises in the east.5、表示已经安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态一般用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start等动词。如：My birthday falls on May 2.The meeting is at 2:00 p.m.His ship leaves at 9:00 a.m.6、图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景动词常用一般现在时。如：Scene 1 ( Mary and Miss Green are in the professors room-a large ,pleasant room with many books. There is a big desk near the window. )7、几个由here, there 开头的句子动词用一般现在时表示现在正在进行的动作。如：There goes the bell. Lets hurry.Here comes the teacher.现在进行时（一）现在进行时的构成现在进行时由助动词be(am, is, are)+现在分词构成。am 用于第一人称单数，is用于第三人称单数， are用于其他各人称。（二）现在进行时的用法1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作The boys are reading magazines.Are the students dancing?Mr. Green is talking with Jim in the classroom.2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作（尽管此时此刻该动作并不在进行中）Whats he doing this week?He is translating a novel.They are learning Chinese in Beijing.Im working for an American company.3）现在进行时常与副词always, constantly 等连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，含有说话者的赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾等情绪。如The girl is always smiling happily.Youre always making the same mistake.Shes constantly changing her mind. 她经常改变主意4）用进行时表示过程Its getting cold. 天气变得越来越冷The leaves on the trees are turning brown.Shes finding that chemistry is much more difficult than physics.她渐渐感到化学比物理难学。5）现在进行时可用来表示按计划安排即将发生的动作（见一般将来时有关讲解） 注意：英语里有些动词一般不用于进行时，它们在新教材里也被称为静态动词。表示知觉的动词，如see, hear, smell, taste, notice, feel 等；表示态度和感情的动词，如believe, agree, like, hate, want, think 等；一些不表示具体动作而表示某种抽象的关系或概念的动词，如have, depend, seem（似乎）, belong to（属于）, consist（组成）, possess（拥有，占有）等。 但当这些动词的词义改变时便可用于进行时。试比较： I feel sick. The doctor is feeling my pulse. I cant see anything in the bowl. Tom is seeing his friend off at the airport.【家庭作业】 1. Exercises 2.3.4 of Lesson 1 on Page 54. 2. Exercises 1.2.3.4 of Lesson 3 on Page 58.【巩固练习】1、Most of what has been said about the Smiths _also true of the Johnsons.（2006安徽30）A. areB. isC. beingD. to be思路分析：此题考查主语与谓语的一致性。of what has been said 修饰most, 所以谓语动词用单数。答案：B 2、Four dollars a pair ? I think its a bit too much.If you buy three pairs, the price for each will_ to three fifty.A. come downB. take downC. turn over D. go over 思路分析：此题考查动词短语。come down 意思是“价格下跌”；take down“记下”；turn over“移交”；go over“仔细查看”。答案：A3、Why did you leave that position?I _a better position at IBM. （2005全国高考31）A. offerB. offeredC. am offeredD. was offered思路分析：此题考查时态、语态。句意：“为什么你离开那个职位？在IBM我被提供了一个更好的职位。”此题中“被提供职位”一事在过去已经发生，所以用过去被动语态。答案：D4、They have a good knowledge of English but little _they know about German.(2005天津，4)A. haveB. didC. hadD. do思路分析：该题考查句式结构。句意为“他们有着良好的英语知识，但对德语他们却知之甚少。”“little”放在句首，句子要倒装，因此该空应填助动词，根据语境用一般现在时。答案：D 5、Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _to ask how I am going to spend the money. （2005湖南,32） A. phoneB. will phoneC. were phoningD. are phoning思路分析：该题考查时态的运用。句意是：“自从我获大奖以来，我的电话不断，人们在电话中询问我打算如何花掉这笔钱。”表示人们现在的关心，所以用现在进行时，不能用过去进行时或将来时。答案：D6、Months ago we sailed ten miles across this open sea, which _the Pacific, and we met no storms. (2005辽宁，33 ) A. was calledB. is calledC. had been calledD. has been called思路分析：该题考查被动语态的运用。在定语从句中，被称为太平洋的海域是一个客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。答案：B 7、The classroom is big enough _, but well have to move if we have more students. （2005福建，30）A. for the momentB. on the momentC. in a momentD. for a moment 思路分析：该题考查词组含义。for the moment“暂时，目前”；in a moment “即刻，马上”；for a moment“一会儿，片刻”。答案：A 8、More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.（2005上海，30）A. sentB. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent思路分析：该题考查动词的时态与语态。根据时间状语“last year”可以判断谓语动词应用一般过去时，排除C、D 两项；又因学生是“被送出国”，可排除A项。答案：B9、Lets keep to the point or we _any decisions. (2004全国，22 ) A. will never reachB. have never reachedC. never reachD. never reached思路分析：本题考查动词的时态。句意为：“咱们还是抓住重点，否则就永远作不出任何决定了。”从语境看，应用将来时。答案：A10、According to the art dealer, the painting _to go for at least a million dollars.（2004全国，34）A. is expectedB. expectsC. expected D. is expecting 思路分析：本题考查动词的时态、语态。句意为：“按画商的话说，这幅画预计至少值100万美元。”句子的主语是物painting,所以用被动语态。答案：A【模拟试题】（答题时间：20分钟）一. 单项选择题1、Lucy and Lily often _to school by car ,but today they_.A. come ; are walking B. are coming; are walkingC. are coming; walk D. comes; walk2、We _at 3 oclock this afternoon.A. is having a meeting B. are having a meetingC. is going to have a meeting D. have a meeting3、It _this afternoon.A. will snow B. going to snow C. is going to snow D. snows4、Are you still busy?Yes, I _my work, and it wont take long.A. just finishB .am just finishingC. have just finishedD. am just going to finish 5、What time _the match _?A. does; beginB. do; beginC. is; going to beginD. is; beginning6、Because the shop _,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed downB. closed downC. is closing downD. had closed down 7、The volleyball match will be delayed if it _tomorrow.A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is raining 8、You are drinking too much.Only at home, no one _me but you.A. is seeingB. had seen C. seesD. saw9、She _those in trouble all the time.A. helpsB. helpC. is helpingD. has helped10、Its said that he _a novel, but I dont know whether its finished.A. writeB. writesC. is writingD. wrote二. 阅读理解Pulling heavy suitcases（箱子）all day in the summer is hard work, especially when youre a thin 14-year-old. That was me in 1940the youngest and smallest baggage boy（行李童） at New York Citys Pennsylvania Railway Station.After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the others were overcharging（要价过高）passengers. Id like to join them, thinking, “Everyone else is doing it.”When I got home that night, I told my dad what I wanted to do. “You give an honest days work,” he said, looking at me straight in the eye. “Theyre paying you. If they want to do that, you let them do that.”I followed my dads advice for the rest of that summer and have lived by his words ever since.Of all the jobs Ive had, it was my experience at Pennsylvania Railway Station that has stuck with me（让我记忆深刻）. Now I teach my players to have respect（尊重） for other people and their possessions（财产）. Being a member of a team is a totally shared experience. If one person steals, it destroys（破坏）trust and hurts everyone. I can put up with（忍受） many things, but not with people who steal. If one of my players were caught stealing, hed be gone.Whether youre on a sports team, in an office or a member of a family, if you cant trust one another, theres going to be trouble.1. What can be inferred（推断出）about the baggage boys?A. They could earn much, but they had to work hard.B. Many of them earned money in a dishonest way.C. They were all from poor families. D. They were all thin, young boys.2. What does the fathers advice imply(意味着)?A. It is wrong to give more pay to the passengers. B. Dont believe them if they are paying you more. C. Dont follow others to overcharge the passengers. D. It is difficult to work hard and live as an honest boy.3. The underlined word steal means _. A. take away something owned by others secretly and wrongfully（不正当的）.B. give something to other persons surreptitiously(秘密的). C. lend something to another person.D. borrow something from others without trickery (欺骗).4. The writer cant put up with stealing because he thinks that _.A. it is a totally shared experience.B. it is considered as the most dangerous. C. it does great harm to human relationship D. it may lead to the loss of his sports team5. It can be concluded from the text that _.A. his fathers advice helped him to decide which job to take upB. working in the sports team was his most important experienceC. he learnt much from his shared experience with his team membersD. his experience as a baggage boy had a great influence on his later life【试题答案】一、单项选择题1、A思路分析：句意是：“露西和莉莉经常坐车去上学，可是今天她们打算步行去上学。”第一空是表示现阶段的习惯性动作，而第二空是用动词的进行时表示将来的动作。 要注意两个人作主语，谓语动词用复数。一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作及现在存在的特征或状态；常与表示频度的时间状语连用。be doing表示按计划安排即将发生的动作，常用于go, come, start, leave, reach, arrive, return, move等位移动词。如：When are you going there?2、B思路分析：此题容易误选C项，注意谓语动词的单复数形式。将来时有很多种表达：shall/will + 动词原形，be going to do sth.可以指根据现有的征兆判断即将发生某事。be going to + 动词原形，be about to +动词原形，be to+动词原形，be doing表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。3、C思路分析：句意是“今天下午很可能会下雪。”“will +动词原形”单纯表示将来的动作或状态；“be going to do sth .”根据现有的征兆判断即将发生某事；be to do sth.1)打算做某事2）“应该，必须”做某事。 4、B思路分析：根据上句及答语的Yes和后句中的将来时，可知finish这一动作尚未发生，故C项错误。此题容易误选D项，没有弄清楚将来时与一般现在时的用法。瞬间动词的一般现在时和现在进行时都可以表示最近按计划、安排要做的事情。但一般现在时表示将来时，是表示某个集体或组织的计划；现在进行时表示将来时，则强调个人在最近要做的事情或已经安排计划好的事情。 5、A思路分析：一般现在时可以表示计划或安排好的事情，一般是物作主语。此题容易误选C项，没有掌握好将来时与一般现在时表示将来的用法。一般现在时表示计划或安排要做的动作(有时间状语)，限于begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, move, stop, open, close, return等一类动词。6、C思路分析：由“该店正在甩卖T恤衫”可知这家店即将关门，但现在仍在营业，选项中只有现在进行时可以表达将来的动作。此题容易误选B项。从意思上容易理解为这家店倒闭了，衣服半价出售。此处现在进行时表示目前一段时间内将要进行的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。7、B思路分析：条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。此题容易误选A项，只看到了时间状语tomorrow，而忽视了条件状语从句。