动词(八、虚拟语气).doc

英 语 语 法 复 习 动词（八、虚拟语气） 虚拟语气：表示说话人的主观愿望、假想、猜测、怀疑或建议，或是表示与事实相反的假设。 一、虚拟的条件状语从句： 1、与现在的事实相反： 如果我是你，我会去上夜校。 If I were you, I would go to night school. 如果我有时间，我就会和你去看电影。 If I had time, I would go to the cinema with you. 如果他在这儿，他就不会让你走。 If he were here, he would not let you leave. If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier. 2、与过去的事实相反： 如果他今天早上赶上第一趟班车，他就不会迟到。 If he had caught the first bus this morning, he would not have been late. 如果玛丽早来几分钟，她就会赶上火车。 If Mary had arrived a few minutes earlier, she would have caught the train. 如果你昨天来，你就见到那位教授了。 If you had come yesterday, you would have seen the professor. If he had gone to Beijing last week, he could have attended the meeting. 对比： If I have enough money, I will go to the zoo with you. 暗含“我得数一数钱是否够， 如果够我就去。” If I had enough money, I would go to the zoo with you. 暗含“我事实上没有足够的钱，没法和你去。” If I had had enough money, I would have gone to the zoo with you. 暗含“我当时没有足够的钱，如果有的话， 我当时就和你去了） 3、与将来的事实相反： 他如果半小时以内来，我就会和他一起去看你。 If he came in half an hour, I would go to see you with him. 要是明天天气好，我们就继续开运动会。 If it should be fine tomorrow, we would continue our sports meet. 如果他这星期天来，我也许有时间与他讨论这个问题。 If he were to come this Sunday, I might be free to discuss it with him. 二、错综虚拟语气（混合虚拟语气）： 如果我是你的话，我就接纳了他的建议。 If I were you, I would have followed his advice. （从句说明现在，主句说明过去） 如果你昨天告诉我这个消息，我现在就不会那么担心了。 If you had told me the news yesterday, I wouldnt be so worried now. 从句说明过去，主句说明现在 如果她当时去医院的话，她现在会好了。 If she had gone to hospital, she would be quite all right now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. If I were you, I would have gone to the theatre last night. 三、含蓄虚拟语气：条件隐含在介词短语中或上下文里 如or, otherwise, but for, with, without, etc. 。 But for your advice, I would have failed. If you hadnt given me advice Without your help, I wouldnt have succeeded anyway. If you hadnt helped me He got up late. Otherwise, he would have caught the first bus. If he had not got up late Another effort, and you would have succeeded. If you had made another effort He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. What would you do with a million dollars? Without electricity, human life would be quite difficult today. 四、虚拟语气的倒装句：如果条件句的谓语动词有were, 或had, should, 可将if省略，而把were, had或should 放到主语前，构成倒装： Had you got up earlier this morning, you would not have missed the first bus. Were you to fly to Guangzhou next Sunday, I should buy an air ticket for you tomorrow. Were she my daughter, I wouldnt allow her to go to study abroad. Were I you, I wouldnt do that. Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 五、含有责备或批评的虚拟语气： 1、表示委婉批评：could / may / might +have done “本可以做的更些”、“本该” You are late again. You could have come earlier. Youve made a few mistakes. You might have been a little more careful. You could have made less noise. A baby was sleeping then. 2、表示强烈责备：should / ought to / be supposed to have done “本应该做得更一些，结果” I have told you many times. You should have done it better. You should have told me that you werent able to come. You shouldnt have failed this time. 3、表示本没必要：neednt have done “做了不必要做的事” You neednt have told him. He has already known about it. Its so near. We neednt have taken a taxi. 六、表示“建议、命令、要求、坚持”等的虚拟语气：动词insist, order, propose, advise, suggest, demand, request, persist, desire, command, require, etc.接宾语从句时用虚拟语气（should +动词原形，should可省略） 我建议马上把这个病人送往医院。 I suggest the patient should be sent to hospital immediately. 我父母劝我不要看太多的电视。 My parents advise I not watch too much TV. 所有与会者都强烈坚持河流不能再污染了。 The people present at the meeting persisted that the river not be polluted again. The workers demanded that their wages be increased. We insisted that he go there at once. 注意suggest, insist 两词的用法： Janes pale face suggested that she was ill. He insisted that he had seen the film. 备注：表示“建议、命令、要求、坚持”的同源名词后所跟的名词性从