关系代词结稿.doc

一定语从句概述复习:定语从句的定义复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，又叫形容词性从句；被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词； 定语从句放在所修饰词（即先行词）之后由关系副词或关系代词引导。定语从句的引导词叫做关系词。引导定语从句的关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词: that, which, who，whom, whose, as；关系副词: where, when, why.定语从句引导词的用法及分类1、关系词的作用连接作用：引导定语从句，把从句和主句连接起来；替代作用：在从句中替代先行词表示的意思；成分作用：在从句中充当一定的句子成分。2.关系代词who指人，作主语或宾语（作宾语常可省略）；whom指人，作宾语；whose指人，作定语； which指物，作主语，宾语，表语; that指人或物， 作主语、宾语、表语；as指人或物，作主语，表语，as的作用接近who和which;1).Tom is the only person who can keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who指代主句中的先行词person,在从句中作主语) 2).Tom is the only friend whom(或who) I can rely on. (指代friend，在从句中作宾 语, 所以常用代词who的宾格形式). 3).China is no longer the weak nation that she used to be. (关系代词that指代weak nation，在从句中作表语) 4).The school whose floor space is very limited cant take in one more student. (关系代词whose指代the schools ，从句中作floor space的定语) 二：关系代词引导的定语从句1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在即学即练：（that, which, who，whom, whose）The man _stands there is Tom. The girl _I met is Ms Li.The boy _watch was lost is Tom. The book _lies on the desk is his.The pen _you bought is good. The magazine _cover is red is nice从句小结： 关系代词格用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句只用于限制性定语从句在从句中的句法功能指人指物既指人又指物主格词whowhichthat主语宾格词who(m)whichthat宾语/表（which不作表语）属格词whose/of whomwhose/of whichwhose/of which定语三选择定语从句引导词的特殊情况that和which妙辨异同1.指物时，作主语，宾语通常可互换。2.在介词后，只能用which不能省略。3当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which：1）先行词为不定代词all、much、little、few、one、none、something、anything,everything等修饰时，常用关系代词that来引导定语从句。Eg.All that glitters is not gold.2）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰或被the only, the very, the same（同一的）, the just,the last,the right, all , every,each,some,any、few、little、no、one of等修饰时，用关系代词that引导定语从句。Eg.The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. 我们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。3)论了我们当时所见的人和事物。 Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走过来的男人和他的驴子。4）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.5）先行词在主句中作表语且关系词在从句中作表语时。及在there be句型中作主语时既指人又指物，常可省略。The village is no longer the one that it was 5 years ago.The 9:15 is the fastest train (that)there is no Oxford.6）当主句中含有疑问词which，who特殊疑问句时。Which is the dictionary that you want? 哪本是你要的字典？ Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门旁边的那个男人是谁？7）有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that。They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.4.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用which而不用that:1)引导非限制性定语从句China, which has a long history and a brilliant culture, has changed greatly in recent years.2)关系代词直接放在介词后做宾语时The house in which she used to live was very beautiful.3)当先行词本身是that时I have that which you gave me.我有你给我的那一个。4)当关系词离先行词较远时Larry told her friend the story of the young lady which I referred to in my letter to her.即学即练: which/that1.This is the very book _I have been looking for. 2.Newton was one of the greatest men _ever lived.3.Which are the books _you bought for me ? 4.Who is the person _is standing at the gate.5.They are talking about things and persons_ they remembered.6.There is a seat in the corner_ is still here.who与that妙辨异同关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。多用who 的情况1）关系代词在从句中做主语A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.2）先行词是为anyone、people，those、someone、somebody ，anyone, anybody, everyone、everybody,one、ones， he, all, one 指人时，关系词用who。One who doesnt reach the Great Wall isnt a man.Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.3）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。There is a stranger who wants to see you. 4）在被分隔的定语从句中A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.5）在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.6）whom在从句中只作宾语，口头上或非正式文体中可被who取代，但置于介词之后或在非限制性定语从句中不能用它代替。如：The gentleman whom/who you told me about yesterday proved to be a thief.The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.The gentleman, whom you told me about yesterday, proved to be a thief. 7）先行词为形容词的最高级或先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时。8）先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。Eg.He is the first who has been there.9) 先行词被the only, the very,the right等修饰时。Eg.Mr.Smith is the only one of the foreign experts who is in our works.即学即练 (who/which)1.There were two people _were killed in the accident.2.One_ doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work.3.Is there anyone _can answer this question?4. _is the teacher that teaches you English?5. The student_ was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.总结：定语从句引导词的选择方法1.定语从句引导词的选择，可根据以下歌诀，化难为易。一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。高考演练：1.(2011全国卷I) 31. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. Which C. whose D. what2（2011山东卷）32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that3.（2011福建卷）24. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who 4.（10湖南28）Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which5. （10山东24）Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What6（北京27） Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. who