名词从句4.doc

复 合 句第一节 概 述英语的基本句型分为三大类，即_（只含一个主谓结构，有时是并列主语和并列谓语。它分为陈述句、祈使句、感叹句和疑问句。其中疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。）、_（由并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句）和_（由引导词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句句子，它可以分为_、_._,_,_,_）。在括号内标出下列句子的类型：1.Im fond of music and my wife is fond of music, too. ( )2.What is the population of Sichuan Province? ( )3.Are you interested in American culture and history? ( )4.Will you stay here a little longer or leave right away? ( )5.She is never satisfied, isnt she? ( )6.Never find any excuse for yourself. ( )7.What terrible noise we are bearing! ( )8.Whether he will come here doesnt concern us. ( )9.Im not interested in whether he agrees with us. ( )10.It looks as though it is going to rain. ( )11.Now everyone accepts the fact that the earth moves around the sun. ( )12.I live in the house whose windows face the sea. ( )13.I got a full mark in the exam, which was beyond my expectation. ( )14.You will never succeed no matter how hard you try. ( )15.I got up early so that I could catch the early train to New York. ( ) 第二节名词性从句名词性从句的功能相当于_。根据它们在句中充当的成分可以分为_,_,_,_从句。名词性从句的引导词有：从属连词that, whether, if, as if, as though（有一定的词义，但不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）；连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which（在从句中充当主、宾、表；what / which / whose还可以充当定语）；连接副词when, where, why, how以及由how组成的词组（在句子中充当状语），如how many, how much, how long, how far, how often, how soon等。名词性从句选择引导词的方法是：1)看句子的意思；2)看句子差什么成分。要特别注意的是：名词性从句都必须用陈述句语序。I.主语从句（一个句子充当主语） 1)_ and why he came here isnt known yet.2)_ surprised me most was_ I saw in the street.3)_ he is coming or not doesnt matter too much.4)_ will go to the meeting hasnt been decided yet.5)_ book this is is clear.6)_ he didnt attend school yesterday was_ he was seriously ill.M主语从句较长的时候，为了保持句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，把主语从句后置。It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.It worries her a great deal _she is getting fatter day by day.It makes no difference_ you agree or not.M用it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的句型常有：1.It is / was + adj. + thatIt was impossible that they went to the cinema without Jane. It is important that we study English hard.2.It is / was + n. + that It is a pity / shame that I broke the window. It was no surprise that our team won the game.3.It is / was + 过去分词 + that It is believed / thought that he is a liar. It was reported / said that two ships were missing. It is known to all that Taiwan is part of China.4.It seems(ed) / happens(ed) that It seems that she is ill today. It happened that I was out when you called. M由that引导的主语从句，that在句中不作成分，只起引导词的作用，但不能省略。Mwhat, whatever, whoever和no matter的转换。1)Whatever we do must be in the interest of people.=_ _ _ we do must be in the interest of people.2)What he said was untrue.=_ _ _ he said was untrue.II.宾语从句1.用作及物动词的宾语，例如： 1) I went in and asked_ they had a cheap suit. 2) I wonder _ pen this is. 3) Do you know _ the meeting will begin? 4) I dont know_ the tallest boy is in the class. 5)Do you know_ he came here for?M如果宾语从句后面还有宾补（常用名词和形容词充当），则必须用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置，如： Id like to make it clear that anyone who breaks the rule is to be punished. I consider _ a pleasure _ I should meet you here.2.用作介词宾语，如：1) The teacher was pleased with_ I had done.2) He always pays much attention to_ the teacher says.3) I am not interested in_ failed in the exam.M用that引导的宾语从句很少用作介词宾语，只是在 except等少数介词之后才偶尔看到。II.表语从句（一个句子充当表语）1) It looks / seems _ it is going to rain.2) This is_ we once lived.3) The truth is _ I have never been there.4) The question is_ he will come.IV.同位语从句 同位语从句在句中常用作某些名词的同位语，说明名词的_。这类名词常见的有：fact, hope, news, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, order, question, problem, belief, fear, promise 等。1) They expressed their hope_ they would come to visit China again.2) The problem_ it is right or wrong hasnt been decided.3) I have no idea_ the airport is.4) He put forward the suggestion _the second question should be discussed first.5) I have no idea_ he will come.6) He raised a question_ the tallest boy is in our class.? If和 whether的用和不用if和whether引导宾语从句作“是否”讲，可以通用，例如：I wonder if / whether I can catch the last bus. 但要注意下列情况：1. if不能直接和or not连用 I wonder whether or not he will return tonight.但：I wonder if / whether he will return or not tonight.2.动词不定式前不用if I dont know whether to go and see the old man.3.介词之后不用if Im not interested in whether he will go abroad or not.4.引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句和让步状语从句不用if 1)Whether our team will win is still a question. 2)The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 3)I am eager to know the news whether our team has won. 4)All living things, whether they are animals or plants, couldnt live without air and water. 5.条件状语句不用whether引导 If it rains tomorrow, we wont go climbing.6.宾语从句放在主句之前时，不用if Whether she lives here, nobody knows.考 题 精 选 ( I )1.这就是我们昨天碰头的地方。2.我对他的情况一无所知，只知道他是个澳大利亚人。3.我们所需要的就是更多的书。 4.问题就是我们目前正缺人手。5.我们没能观看那部喜剧真是一件令人遗憾的事。6.我很想知道你们到底在干什么。7.令人奇怪的是她居然甘心自己的失败。8.普遍认为他是一个对朋友忠诚的人。(be loyal to)9.他没能通过考试使全家人极为不快。考 题 精 选 ( II )( )1._ is known to all that Taiwan is part of China.A. This B. That C. It D. As( )2. _ they are discussing now is_ they should let Tom know the secret. A. Whatthat B. Thatwhether C. Whatwhether D. Whatif( )3.Mary has no idea_ it will be her turn.A. where B. that C. when D. if( )4.We will start early_ it is dark or light. A. if B. whether C. either D. how( )5.All_ is needed is a continuous supply of water. A. what B. that C. which D. the thing( )6._ Fred solved the problem is not clear to us. A. How B. That C. If D. What( )7._ my brother won the first prize made the family wild with joy. A. That B. Whether C. If D. How( )8.The reason for his success is_ he works hard. A. that B. why C. because D. how( )9.I asked her_ she would go swimming with us. A. that B. if C. what D. weather( )10.Could you tell me_? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman( )11.They had no ide