时态和名词.doc

一般现在时一般现在时表示：（1）现在所处的状态。Jane is at school.（2）经常或习惯性的动作。I often go to school by bus.（3）主语具备的性格和能力。He likes playing football. He can play the guitar.（4）客观真理。The earth goes round/around the sun. The sun rises from the east every day. 常用的时间状语：often, always, usually, sometimes, never(从不)，hardly ever（几乎不）, seldom(很少), on Sundays, three times a week，every day/week/month/year等等。请你仔细观察下面这几组一般现在时的句子，然后总结一下，肯定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句的句子结构。当句子的谓语动词是be动词时：肯定句I am a teacher.You are a teacher / teachers.We are teachers.She/He/ Lucy is a teacher.My mother is a teacher.It /The cat is in the street.They are teachers.My parents are teachers.否定句I am not a teacher.She/He/ Lucy is not a teacher.My parents are not teachers.一般疑问句-Are you a teacher?-Yes, I am. / No, I am not.-Are you teachers? -Yes, we are./ No, we arent-Is she a teacher?-Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.-Are they teachers?-Yes, they are. / No, they arent.Are your parents teachers?当句子的谓语动词是实义动词时： 肯定句I like apples.We (复数)like apples. You like apples, right?She/He/Lucy likes apples.My mother likes apples.It/The cat has a hat.They like apples.My brothers like apples. 否定句I dont like apples.We（复数）dont like apples.She/Lucy/He doesnt like apples.It/The cat doesnt have a hat.They dont like apples.My brothers dont like apples.一般疑问句-Do you like apples?-Yes, I do. / No, I dont.-Does she/he/Lucy like apples?-Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. Does it/the cat have a hat?Do they like apples?Do your brothers like apples?Yes, they do. / No, they dont.特殊疑问句What do you like?What does she/he/it/Lucy like?What do they like?当句子含有情态动词时： 肯定句 I/She/He/They/My mother/We can play the guitar. 否定句 I/She/He/They/My mother/We can not play the guitar.一般疑问句 -Can you/she/he/they/your mother play the guitar? -Yes, I/she/he/they/my mother can. / No, I/she/he/they/my mother cant.【单三】 ：人称代词，如she ,he ,it ；单个人名、地点、或者称呼，如Lucy ,my mother ；China , Shanxi, Uncle Wang；可数名词单数或者不可数名词，如the boy, that cat, the milk, the bread；数字或者字母；不定代词，如someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something以及指示代词this, that等等做主语时，谓语动词都用单三形式。动词的单三变化规则：多数直接在动词词尾加-s. play plays like likes ask-asks work-works get-gets call-calls以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.watch-watches wish-wishes do-does go-goes misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, teaches 以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies注：buybuys,enjoyenjoys,playplays,say says,pay pays不规则变化： have-has练：1 写出下列动词的单三形式：work_ read_ clean_ write_ teach_ wash_ guess_ watch_ go_ do_ study_ fly_ cry_ play_have_ match _ finish_ snow_ carry_ say_2 单选I _ up at six every day. A gets B get C is gettingShe _ sports every day. A play B plays C playedThe table _ four legs. A has B have C hadThe sun _ in the east every day.A rise B rises C roseThe earth _ around the sun.A go B goes C wentI _bananas. A likes B likeWe _ vegetables. A dont like B doesnt like C doesnt likesThe sky _ blue. A am B was C isMarys father _ an English teacher. A is B are C amShe _ a girl. A is B was 用词的适当形式填空。1.What time_ his father_(do) the work?2.He _(get) up at five oclock.3._ you _(brush) your teeth every morning?4.What _ ( do ) he usually _( do ) after school?5.Tom _ ( study ) English, Chinese, Math, Science and Art at school.6. Kitty sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7._ Mike_( read ) English every day?9. How many lessons_ your classmates_( have ) on Monday?1 She likes the black bag very much. (变为否定句) 2 I like apples. (用she改写句子)第二模块 词类的复习名词：表示人或事物的名称。1、 总的来说，名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称，如：Zhang Zixu， China。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。Changjiang River = Yangtse River Huanghe River = Yellow River Tsinghua University Peking University 2、名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为：可数名词与不可数名词。 单数（可数名词）：前面可加a, an来修饰： a bag一个包 可数名词：可以计数的名词 名词 复数（可数名词）：表示两个或者两个以上的可数名词用复数。 不可数名词：不可计数的名词 没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a, an,也不能直接加数词. 但可以跟某些表示量的词或短语搭配,表示数量,如: a glass of water, two cups of tea.A.可数名词1. 单数可数名词，表示“一”的概念，指单个的可数物体。要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。（an多用于以元音发音的单词前） eg：a book/ tree an apple/ egg2.复数名词：指两个或以上的可数物体。名词复数的规则变化。 在一般情况下，词尾后加-s。 books，cups，beds，boys，horses 在清辅音后面读/s/ ，浊辅音和元音后读/z/， . 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词，词尾加-es，读|iz| buses，boxes，dishes碟子，watches 以f或fe结尾的词，先将f或fe变成v，再加-es，读|vz| halfhalves，knifeknives小刀 wife -wives 特殊记忆的几个单词“黑人，英雄，土豆，西红柿” NegroNegroes , hero-heroes , potatoes , tomatoes 其余的以“o”结尾的可数名词后加“s”。 如： zoos，radios，videos，photo-photos; piano-pianos 钢琴 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y改为i再加-es。如：cities，families，babies如： two apples, a bag, some bags3 名词复数的不规则变化。manmen，toothteeth牙齿，childchildren，sheepsheep绵羊，deer-deer小鹿 foot-feet脚 Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese 【注】不可以说a Chinese a Japanese 可以说a Chinese girl 4 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes，trousers裤子，glasses，socks , shorts , pants , shoes ，people（本身是复数）通常是以复数的形式出现。【可以修饰可数名词复数的词或短语】 some any many a lot of lots of a number of 等，如 some apples a lot of people*另外，要表达一双袜子，一条裤子等时，要说成 a pair of socks a pair of shorts 5. 句子单数变复数，注意以下六要素：主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词，即I we；you you；she，he，it they。如：She is a girl. They are girls. am，is要变为are。如：Im a student. We are students.不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：He is a boy. They are boys.普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：It is an apple. They are apples.指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：This is a box. These are boxes.man，woman名词作定语修饰可数名词时，要在“数”上与被修饰名词保持一致。但其他名词修饰名词表示“性质”时，不作变化。She is a woman doctor. They are women doctors. That is a pencil case. Those are pencil cases.B.不可数名词 1. 没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a, an,也不能直接加数词.但可以跟某些量词短语搭配,表示数量,如: a glass of water一杯水 （不能说a water） a cup of tea.一杯茶 a piece of paper一张纸 a piece of bread一片面包 a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶 a bowl of rice可以直接修饰不可数名词的词有：some, any, much, a lot of, lots of, a little, a bit 2. 不可数名词跟量词搭配时，变复数只变量词： two glasses of water many cups of tea twenty pieces of paper注：可数名词也可以和量词搭配,of后的可数名词要用复数形式： a box of apples一箱苹果 a pair of shoes一双鞋 当量词的数量超过一时，也变复数： Six boxes of apples 8 pairs of shoes3、有的词即可以充当可数名词，也可以充当不可数名词，如：chicken, fish, fruit随堂练习 一.用所给单词的适当形式填空： 1.Its not _ alarm clock. (a) 2. Let _ play tennis. (I) 3. Where _ Toms parents?(be) 4. Many _.(sheep) 5. I see your _. They are fine.(grandparent) 6. Your _ are my pen _.(朋友) 7. His _ are very cute.(女儿) 8. The two _ are good. (家庭) 9. _ answers are right.(they) 10. Her sister and his brother arent my _ (表兄妹) 11. I have two_ (knife). 12. There are many _ here. (box) 13. There are many _ on the road. (bus)14. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 15. The _ are playing football now. (child)二、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot