高三英语高考二轮专题复习课件：虚拟语气.ppt

subjunctivemood虚拟语气 定义 英语中的语气分为陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气三类 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想 所说的是一个条件 不一定是事实 或与事实相反 虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示 真实条件句 thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit a willrainb rainsc rainedd israined 非真实条件句 1 与现在事实相反的假设 if从句主句did werewould might could should v eg iftheywerehere theywouldhelpyou b 2 与过去事实相反的假设 if从句主句had p p would might could should have p p eg ifshehadworkedharder shewouldhavesucceeded thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful 3 表示对将来情况的主观推测 可能相反或可能性很小 if从句主句did werewere todowould might could should v should doeg ifyousucceeded shouldsucceed weretosucceed everythingwouldbeallright 混合条件句 混合虚拟语气 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间 这时主 从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同 这叫做混合条件句 例如 ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday youwouldknowwhattodonow 从句与过去事实相反 主句与现在事实相反 ifithadrainedlastnight 过去 itwouldbeverycoldtoday 现在 虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were should 或had 可将if省略 再把were should或had移到从句句首 实行倒装 todothework ishoulddoitsomeotherday a ifwereib iwerec wereid wasi c weretheyherenow theycouldhelpus iftheywereherenow theycouldhelpus hadyoucomeearlier youwouldhavemethim ifyouhadcomeearlier youwouldhavemethim shoulditrain thecropswouldbesaved wereittorain thecropswouldbesaved 特殊的虚拟语气词 should 1 itisnecessary apity that 结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形 should可省略 注 常为表情绪 观点的形容词或名词 如 necessary important impossible natural strange surprising funny right wrong better apity等 eg itisnecessarythathe should cometoourmeetingtomorrow 2 在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令 建议 要求等一类动词后面的从句中 注 一想要 desire 一宁愿 prefer 二命令 mand 三建议 advise suggest propose 五要求 demand require request desire insist 中 无论主句谓语动词为何种时态 从句的谓语动词都用 should 动词原形 eg isuggestthatwe should holdameetingnextweek heinsistedthathe should besentthere 如果suggest insist不表示 建议 或 坚持要某人做某事时 即它们用于其本意 暗示 表明 坚持认为 时 宾语从句用陈述语气 在表语从句 同位语从句中的应用在suggestion proposal idea plan order advice等名词后面的表语从句 同位语从句中要用虚拟语气 即 should 动词原形 myideaisthatwe should getmorepeopletoattendtheconference imakeaproposalthatwe should holdameetingnextweek wish的用法 1 表示与现在事实相反的愿望 谓语动词用过去式eg iwishihadyourbrains 我希望我有你那样的头脑 事实 我根本比不上你 2 表示过去事实相反的愿望 谓语动词 had p p eg iwishihadknownthetruthofthematter 我希望我原来知道这件事的真相 事实 原来不知道 3 表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词 should would 动词原形eg iwishishouldhaveachanceagain 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会 事实 很难再有这样的机会了 注 ifonly wouldrather itis high timethat asif asthough也有类似用法 2009年高考真题thisprinterisofgoodquality ifit breakdownwithinthefirstyear wewouldrepairitatourexpense 天津卷 15 a wouldb shouldc couldd might2 butforthehelpofmyenglishteacher i thefirstprizeintheenglishwritingcompetition 福建卷 35 a wouldnotwinb wouldnothavewonc wouldwind wouldhavewon3 butfortheirhelp we theprogramintime 安徽卷 34 a cannotfinishb willnotfinishc hadnotfinishd couldnothavefinished practiceitisrequiredthatthestudents mobilephonesintheirschool soseldom themusingone a notuse willyouseeb shouldnotuse youwillseec don tuse willyouseed notuse youwillsee2 howiwishi mymouthbeforeishoutedatmymum a shutb haveshutc hadshutd wouldshut3 theboyinsistedthathe hisbestand praised a hadtried mustbeb tried mustbec try shouldbed hadtried be4 john spalefacesuggestedthathe ill andhisparentssuggestedthathe amedicalexamination a be shouldbeb was havec shouldbe hadd was has5 itwasrecommendedthatpassengers smokeduringtheflight a notb neednotc couldnotd wouldnot 1 evenifhe be here hecouldn tsolvetheproblem 2 withoutair there be nolivingthings 3 butforyourhelp i notdo it 4 ifonlyi take hisadvice butididn t 5 iwasverybusyyesterday otherwisei come tothemeeting were wouldbe couldn thavedone hadtaken wouldhavecome 1 ifs