硕士英语统考复习资料.doc

学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考工程硕士英语统考复习资料(08年6月) Reading Compression （课外4篇文章，每篇5题，每题2分，共40分） Vocabulary And Structure (练习册第15单元20题，每题1分，共20分) Close (10 题，每题1分，共10分) Translation (30分)一、English To Chinese (教材第15单元10题，每题2分，共20分)Unit One1、The story of our English language is typically of massive stealing from other language.英语的发展历史是典型的从其它语言的大量偷窃。2、French ,for example ,has only about 75 000 words ,and that includes English expressions like snack bar and hit parade .举个例子，法语的词汇只有约75000个，而且还包括了英语的表达，如：snack(快餐馆)和hit parade(排行榜)。3、Walkman is fascinating because it isnt even English. Strictly speaking , it was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two simple English words together to name their product.Walkman这个词是非常有意思的，因为它甚至还不是英语。严格来说，它是由日本的制造商发明的，他们将两个简单的英语单词合并到一起来命名他们的产品。4、How did the language of a small island off the coast of Europe become the language of the planet-more widely spoken and written than any other has ever been? The history of English is embedded in the first words a child learns about identity(I, me ,you);possession (mine ,yours);the body (eye, nose, mouth);size(tall ,short);and necessities(food, water).一个欧州海岸附近的小岛上的语言是怎样成为这个星球上的通用语言而比其它任何语言更广泛地用于口头和笔头的呢？英语的历史根植于幼儿最初学习的有关身份（我，主格；我，宾格；你）；领属（我的所有物，你的所有物）；身体（眼睛，鼻子，嘴）；大小（高，低）和必需品（食物，水）的词语。5、Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an IndoEuropean parent language ,spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. .通过辨认近似的词语，语言学家们提出一种他们称为印欧母语的语言，这种语言一直使用至公元前3500年到公元前2000年。6、Another infusion of words came when Germanic tribes slipped across the North sea to settle in Britain.另一次外来词的输入发生在日耳曼部落悄悄地度过北海来不列颠定居之时。.Unit Two1-11、No matter how long your life is , you will , at best , be able to read only a few books of all that have written, and the few you do read should include the best.不管在世上活多久，你充其量也只能浏览浩瀚书海中的一小部分，而在你读过的少数书中应包括经典名著。2、Great books are popular, not pedantic. They are not written by specialists about specialties for specialists.名著决不引经据典、深奥难懂，而是通俗易读的。它们不是专家为专业人士撰写的专业书籍。3、There is one kind of prior reading, however, which does help you to read a great book, and that is the other great books the author himself reads.这儿有一个前人阅读的书目，完全可以帮助你加深对一部名著的理解，这就是名著作者本人读过的其它名著书目。4、People regard the “classics” as the great has-beens, the great books of other times.人们往往视“经典著作”为过时的名著，其它时代的名著。5、They can be read at many different levels of understanding , as well as with a great diversity of interpretations.名著可雅俗共赏，理解深浅程度不同，见仁见智，诠释各异。6 、It is our privilege , as readers, to belong to the larger brotherhood of man which ecognizes no national boundaries.我们感到荣幸的是，作为读者，我们从属于一个没有国界、更为广阔的人类团体。Unit Three1、Commercial guidebooks usually give a general description of what cultural taboos a traveler will encounter when visiting a foreign country.一个旅游者出访外国将遇到的文化禁忌在商业导册中往往会有一个大概的描述。2、A popular American phrase is that “all men are created equal” and Americans quite literally practice what they preach here.在美国有一句流行语叫做“人生来平等”，而美国人是逐字逐句按此行事的。3、Most visitors will notice right away that “proper” dress is not a concern with most Americans.大多的访问者会很快注意到：“合适”穿着并不是大多数美国人所关心的。4、American women are liberated in just about every sense of the word, and visitors should tread carefully if discussing feminism in any form.“解放”这个字眼的所有含义对美国妇女都是适用的，外国访问者如果以任何形式谈论女权主义的话需要小心。5、Utilitarian by nature ,Americans think of almost everything in terms of units to be produced in the most time and cost-efficient manner.本质上美国人都是实用主义，对几乎任何东西他们都是根据以投入的时间最多、成本效益最大方式产出的单位来考虑的。6、The United States is large and varied, and depending on your travel plans, you might find variances to these pointers.美国国土广大，生活习惯多样，根据你旅行计划的不同，你会发现以上的指点还存在差异。Unit Four1、The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality.另外一件应该避免的事是抓住年轻人不放手，总想从他（她）的生命力中吸取力量。2、I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities.我认为对于那些具有不局限于个人兴趣，其中包括适当活动的人来说，度过一个幸福的晚年是最容易的。3、Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.年轻人有理由因他们将在战斗中被杀害而存在恐惧，因生活中应给予他们的最美好的东西将会无故被剥夺而痛苦，这是无可非议的。4、An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first ,narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls.一个人的生存应似一条河-起初是细小的，狭窄地被限制在河岸之间，而后它猛烈地冲过岩石，越过瀑布。Unit Five1、 I shall never forget my first experience with German proxemic patterns, which occurred when I was an undergraduate.我决不会忘记感受德国人空间模式的首次经历，这发生在我还是个大学生的时候。2、Recently, I obtained an independent check on how Germans feel about visual intrusion while investigating what people look at when they are in intimate, personal, social, and public situations.最近，我在调查研究人们在亲密场合、私密场合、社交场合和公共场合都看什么，同时我还可独自观察德国人是如何看待看得见的侵犯的。3、The American view that space should be shared is particularly troublesome to the German.美国人认为空间应该是共享的，这种观点让德国人感到特烦恼。4、Public and private buildings in Germany often have double doors for soundproofing, as do many hotel rooms.在德国公共和私人建筑为了隔音常有两道门，许多旅馆的房间也是如此。5、The open-door policy of American business and the closed-door patterns of German business culture cause clashes in the branches and subsidiaries of American firms in Germany.美国商业的开门政策和德国商业文化的关门模式使美国公司在德国的分支结构和分公司里冲突不断。6、The orderliness and hierarchical quality of German culture are communicated in their handling of space.德国文化的整齐有序和等级观念在他们对空间的处理上就表现了出来。7、Many Americans feel that Germans are overly rigid in their behavior, unbending and formal.许多美国人觉得德国人的言行举止过于僵硬，刻板不灵活。二、Chinese To English (教材第15单元5题，每题2分，共10分)Unit Onedescend from: 起源于，遗传于1、Many modern languages descended from a common parent language.2、All living creatures are thought to descend from an organism that came into being three billion years e up with: 提出1、linguists have come up with what they call an IndoEuropean parent language。2、She come up with a new idea for increasing sales.spring from：来源于1、Printing brought into English the wealth of new thinking that sprang from the European Renaissance.2、Her interfering ways spring from a desire to see her daughters comfortably married.Spur:引发1、Since the Renaissance spurred a scientific revolution,English had to accommodate it .2、It was an article in the local newspaper which finally spurred him into action.accommodate 1、同上1give rise to：导致产生1、Galileo and Newton were redefining the natural world, which gave rise to words like encyclopedia, explain, gravity, paradox, external and chronology.2、International support has given rise to a new optimism in the company.Unit Twoaccumulate:积累1、It may take time for it to accumulate its ultimate audience.2、As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes.3、He quickly accumulated a great/large fortune.treat of:论述，有关1、Whether they be philosophy or science, or history or poetry, they treat of human, not academic problems.2、The second volume of the series treats of social changes between the wars.3、He wrote an essay treating of philosophicalIlluminate:帮助理解1、Just as Euclid illuminates Newton and Galileo, so they in turn help to make Einstein intelligible.2、The results of the recent research will illuminate the mystery of the creation of the Universe.3、The whole city was illuminated in celebration of National Day.4、Various colorful new year posters illuminated the wall.5、He illuminated the statement with many examples.6、He made an illuminating remark.preoccupation with:关注1、How constant is the preoccupation of men with happiness and justice, with virtue and truth and even with stability and change itself. 2、Lately, his preoccupation with football had caused his marks at school to slip.3、She has many preoccupations about family at first.4、His preoccupation with the poor health of his son troubles him greatly.Fortify:增强1、Wisdom is fortified, not destroyed, by understanding its limitations.Unit ThreeEncounter：面临，遭遇1、Commercial guidebooks usually give a general description of what cultural taboos a traveler will encounter when visiting a foreign country.2、I encountered many difficulties when I first stated the job.3、We encountered four enemy aircraft.hold sway:起主导作用1、Social customs from the motherland still hold say among many second and third generation American families.2、Few would deny that Shakespeare holds sway among English play writers.fret over:烦躁，烦恼，不满1、The hostess will fret over her perfectly timed meal when you dont arrive at the appointed hour.2、She hasnt made any progress no matter how hard she ahs tried. We fret over her study.3、Dont fret over the matter, we will solve the problem.4、Fretting about it wont help.take pride in (be proud of ):为而骄傲1、Most American women take pride in the fact that they have a choice between the office or the home(or both).Unit Fouras regards:在方面，关于1、As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness.2、As regards the potential energy crisiswhy arent we putting money into serious alternative sources of energy?3、There are special rules as regard what clothes you should wear at the part.4、As regards correcting our homework, the teacher always makes us do it ourselves.on the ground that: 以为理由1、I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health.2、We oppose the bill on the ground that it discriminates against women.3、Her claim was disallowed on the ground that she had not paid her premium.4、She divorced her husband on the ground that he did not do his duty.5、On what ground did you guard against:警惕，防止1、Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age.2、You must guard against any tendency to take your privileges for granted.3、They have been doing very well, but they should guard against over confidence.Unit FiveAttenuate:减弱，弱化1、Thirty years residence in this country and an excellent command of English had not attenuated German definitions of what constitutes an in intrusion.2、The artillery could only attenuate somewhat the force of the attack.3、This uninterrupted motion must attenuate and wear away the hardest rocks.4、Radiation from the sun is attenuated by the earths atmosphere.讠言字旁（语 认 识） 忄竖心旁（快 慢 恨）at stake：在争论中的辶 走之底 （过 远 近）1、IN order to understand the various issues that were at stake, it is necessary to refer back to two basic Ame