初级语法4 分词 动名词.doc

第七章 动名词一. 概念 动名词由动词原形+ING构成,是一种非谓语动词形式 二. 相关知识点精讲: 1.作主语。例如： FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.南方与北方开战了。 2.作宾语 a.有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如： admit承认 appreciate感激 avoid避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay耽误 deny否认 detest讨厌 endure忍受 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 fancy想象 finish完成 imagine想象 mind介意 miss想念 postpone推迟 practice训练 recall回忆 resent讨厌 resume继续 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 face面对 include包括 stand忍受 understand理解 forgive宽恕 keep继续 例如：Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b.有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如： admitto preferto beusedto leadto devoteoneselfto objectto stickto nogood nouse befondof lookforwardto beproudof stickto nogood nouse befondof lookforwardto beproudof bebusy canthelp betiredof becapableof beafraidof thinkof burstout keepon insiston counton setabout putoff begoodat takeup giveup besuccessfulin 3.作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如： Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 比较：Sheiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren. 4.作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如： awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台 aswimmingpool=apoolswimming游泳池 有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如： boilingpoint=atemperaturepointatwhichsomethingbeginstoboil沸点 awalkingtractor=atractorwhichadrivercanoperatewhileheorsheiswalkingbehindit手扶拖拉机第八章 分词一.概念: 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式 二.相关知识点精讲: 1.现在分词的用法： 1)做表语： Hewasveryamusing. Thatbookwasratherboring. 很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语： exciting,interesting,encouraging,disappointing,confusing,touching,puzzling. 2)作定语： 上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语,修饰一个名词： Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience. Ifoundhimacharmingperson. 现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句： Thereareafewboysswimmingintheriver. Thereisacarwaitingoutside. 3)作状语： 现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作： FollowingTom,westartedtoclimbthemountain. Openingthedrawer,hetookoutabox. Takingakeyoutofhispocket,heopenedthedoor. 现在分词短语还可以表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句： Notknowingheraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithher. Beingunemployed,hehasntgotmuchmoney. 现在分词短语还可以表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句： Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy. Returninghome,hebegantodohishomework. Jimhurthisarmwhileplayingtennis. Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad. Havingfoundahotel,welookedforsomewheretohavedinner. Havingfinishedherwork,shewenthome. 4)作宾补： 现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语： 例如,see,hear,catch,find,keep,have等. Iseehimpassingmyhouseeveryday. Icaughthimstealingthingsinthatshop. Ismeltsomethingburning. Shekepthimworkingallday. 2.过去分词的用法： 1)作表语： Weweresoboredthatwecouldnthelpyawning. Shefeltconfused,andevenfrightened. Theywereverypleasedwiththegirl. Imsatisfiedwithyouranswer. Heisnotinterestedinresearch. 2)作定语： Shehasapleasedlookonherface. Theteachergaveusasatisfiedsmile. cookedfoodawrittenreport friedeggsboiledwater frozenfoodarmedforces requiredcoursesfallenleaves finishedproductsaforcedsmile therisensunnewarrivedvisitors Whatsthelanguagespokeninthatcountry? Theyreproblemleftoverbyhistory. Theplayputonbytheteacherswasabigsuccess. Isthereanybodyinjured? Doyouknowthenumberofbooksordered? 3)作状语： Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent. Givengoodhealth,Ihopetofinishtheworkthisyear. Theycamein,followedbysomechildren. Depressed,hewenttoseehiseld