语言学概论总试卷.doc

一、 单项选择题（每小题1分，共20分）在下列每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确的答案，并将其字母标号填入题干的括号内。1. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?_A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang2. _ made the distinction between competence and performance.A. SaussureB. ChomskyC. BloomfieldD. Sapir3. Conventionally a _ is put in slashes. A. allophoneB. phoneC. phonemeD. morpheme4. The word “hospitalize” is an example of _. A. compoundB. derivationC. inflectionD. blending5. Constituent sentences is the term used in _. A. structural linguisticsB. functional analysisC. TG GrammarD. traditional grammar6. Cold and hot is a pair of _ antonyms. A. gradableB. complementaryC. reversalD. converse7. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called_.A. commissivesB. directivesC. expressiveD. declaratives8. Speech variety may be used instead of _. A. vernacular language, dialect, pidgin, creoleB. standard language C. both A and BD. none of the above9._ deals with how language is acquired, understood and produced. A. SociolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. PragmaticsD. Morphology10. Discovering procedures are practiced by _. A. descriptive grammarB. TC GrammarC. traditional grammar D. functional grammar11. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade” is _. A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. performative12. _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. A. ParoleB. LangueC. SpeechD. Writing13. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred as _. A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula14. _ refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. SemanticsD. Phonology15. “When did you stop taking this medicine?” is an example of _in sense relationships. A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. assumptionD. implicature16. Idioms are _. A. sentencesB. naming unitsC. phrasesD. communication units17. An illocutionary act is identical with_. A. sentence meaningB. the speakers intention C. language understandingD. the speakers competence18. In sociolinguistics, _ refers to a group of institutionalized social situations typically constrained by a common set of behavioral rules. A. domainB. situationC. societyD. community19. _ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally communicative situations. A. LearningB. CompetenceC. PerformanceD. Acquisition20. In which of the following stage did Chomsky add the semantic component to his TG Grammar for the first time? _ A. The Classic TheoryB. The Standard Theory C. The Extended Standard TheoryD. The Minimalist Program1. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be safe and happy)as a means of controlling the forces which the belivers feel might affect their lives. Which function does it perform? _ A. interrogativeB. EmotiveC. PerformativeD. Recreational2. Which of the following properties of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? _ A. InterchangeableB. DualityC. DisplacementD. Arbitrariness.3. Which of the following is not the major branch of linguistics? _ A. PhonologyB. PragmaticsC. SyntaxD. Speech4._ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Linguistic geographyB. Sociolinguistics C. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics5. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called_. A. minimal pairsB. allomorphsC. phonesD. allophones6. Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation? _ A. zB. wC. hD. v7._ doesnt belong to the most productive means of word-formation. A. AffixationB. CompoundingC. ConversionD. Blending8. Nouns, verbs, and adjectives can be classified as _. A. lexical wordsB. grammatical wordsC. function wordsD. form words9. _ refers to the relations holding between elements replaceable with each other at particular place in structure, or between one element present and the others absent. A. Syntagmatic relationB. Paradigmatic relation C. Co-occurrence relationD. Hierarchical relation10. According to Standard Theory of Chomsky, _ contain all the information necessary for the semantic interpretation of sentences. A. deep structureB. surface structuresC. transformational rulesD. PS-rules11. _describes whether a proposition is true or false.A. TruthB. Truth valueC. Truth conditionD. Falsehood12. “John hit Peter” and “Peter was hit by John” are the same _. A. propositionB. sentenceC. utteranceD. truth13. _ is a branch of linguistics which is the study of meaning in the context of use. A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. PragmaticsD. Semantics14. _is the study of how speaker of a language use sentences to affect successful communication. A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Psycholinguistics15._is defined as any regionally or socially definable human group identified by shared linguistic system. A. A speech communityA. A race C. A societyD. A country16._variation of language is the most discernible and definable in speech variation. A. RegionalB. SocialC. StylisticD. Idiolectal17. In first language acquisition children usually _ grammatical rules from the linguistic information they hear. A. useB. acceptC. generalizeD. reconstruct18. By the time children are going beyond the _ stage, they begin to incorporate some of the inflectional morphemes. A. telegraphicB. multiwordC. two-wordD. one-word19. According to Halliday, the three metafunctions of language are _.A. ideational, interpersonal and textualB. ideational, informative and textualC. metalinguistic, interpersonal and textualD. ideational, interpersonal and referential20. The person who is often described as “father of modern linguistics” is _. A. FirthB. SaussureC. HallidayD. Chomsky1. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? _- A nice day, isnt it?- Right! I really enjoy the sunlight. A. EmotiveB. PhaticC. PeformativeD.Interpersonal2. Unlike animal communication systems, human language is _. A. stimulus freeB. stimulus boundC. under immediate stimulus controlD. stimulated by some occurrence of communal interest3. Which branch of linguistics studies the similarities and differences among language? _ A. Diachronic linguisticsB. Synchronic linguistics C. Prescriptive linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics4. _ has been widely accepted as the forefather of modern linguistics. A. ChomskyB. SaussureC. BloomfieldD. John Lyons5. Which vowel is different from the others according to the tongue position of vowels? _A. iB. uC. eD.a6. Liquids are classified in the light of _. A. manner of articulationB. place of articulation C. place of tongueD. none of the above7. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called _ morphemes. A. inflectionalB. freeC. boundD. derivational8. There are _ morphemes in the word denationalization. A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six9. In English, theme and rhyme are often expressed by _ and _. A. subject, objectB. subject, predicateC. predicate, objectD. object, predicate10. The semantic triangle holds that the meaning of a word _. A. is interpreted through the mediation of concept B. is related to the thing it refers toC. is the idea associated with that word in the minds of speakersD. is the image it is represented in the mind.11. “John killed Bill but Bill didnt die” is a (n) _. A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction12. _ found that natural language had its own logic and concludes cooperative principle. A. John AustinB. John FirthC. Paul GriceD. William Jones13. _ proposed that speech acts can fall into five general categories. A. AustinB. SearleC. SapirD. Chomsky14. _ is not a typical example of official bilingualism. A. CanadaB. FinlandC. BelgiumD. Germany15. The most recognizable difference between American English and British English are in _ and vocabulary. A. diglossiaB. bilingualismC. pidginizationD. blending16. _ transfer is a process that is more commonly known as interference. A. AcquisitionB. PositiveC. NegativeD. Interrogative17. In general, the two-word stage begins roughly in the _ half of the childs second year. A. earlyB. lateC. firstD. second18. The most important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of _. A. functionB. meaningC. signsD. system19. The principal representative of American descriptive linguistics is_. A. BoasB. SapirC. BloomfieldD. Harris20. At the _ stage negation is simply expressed by single words with negative meaning. A. prelinguisticsB. multiwordC. two-wordD. one-word1. Which of the following is the most important function of language? _ A. Interpersonal functionB. Performative function C. Informative functionD. Recreational function2. In different languages, different terms are used to express the animal 狗, this shows the nature of _ of human language. A. arbitrarinessB. cultural transmission C. displacementD. discreteness3. The study of language as a whole is often called _. A. general linguisticsB. sociolinguisticsC. psycholinguisticsD. applied linguistics4. The study of language meaning is called _. A. syntaxB. semanticsC. morphologyD pragmatics5. In English, there is one glottal fricative. It is _. A. IB. hC. kD. f6. The phonetic symbol for “voiced bilabial glide” is _. A. vB. dC. fD. w7. In English -ise and -tion are called _. A. prefixesB. suffixesC. infixesD. free morphemes8. Morphology is generally divided into two fields: the study of word-formation and _. A. affixationB. etymologyC. inflectionD. root9. The sense relationship between “John plays the violin” and “John plays a musical instrument” is _. A. hyponymyB. antonymyC. entailmentD. presupposition10. Conceptual meaning is _. A. denotative B. connotativeC. associativeD. affective11. Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical of the_. A. declarationsB. directivesC. sociolinguisticsD. Chomsky12. The violation of one or more of the conversational _ (of the CP) can, when the listener fully understands the speaker, create conversational implicatures, and humor sometimes. A. standardsB. principlesC. levelsD. maxim13. _variety refers to speech variation according to the particular area where a speaker comes from. A. RegionalB. SocialC. StylisticD. Register variety14. In a speech community people have something in common _ -a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it. A. sociallyB. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmatically15. The optimum age for SLA is _. A. childhoodB. early teensC. teensD. adulthood16. In general, _ language acquisition refers to childrens development of their language of the community in which a child has been brought up. A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth17. Children follow a similar _ schedule of predictable stages along the route of language development across cultures. A. learningB. studyingC. acquisitionD. acquiring18. The theory of _ considers that all sentences are generated from a semantic structure. A. Case GrammarB. Stratificational Grammar C. Relational GrammarD. Generative Semantics19. _ grammar is the most widespread and the best understood method of discussing Indo-European language. A. Traditional B. StructuralC. FunctionalD. Generative20. Hjelmslev is a Danish linguist and the central figure of the _. A. Prague SchoolB. Copenhagen School C. London SchoolD. Generative Semantics二、 判断题（每小题1分，共20分）判断下列说法是否正确。在题前的括号内正确的填“T”，错误的填“F” 。得分评卷人复查人21. The relation between form and means in human language is natural.22. Descriptive linguistics studies one specific language.23. Phonetics is the science that deals with the sound system.24. Phonology is the study of speech sounds of all human languages.25. All consonants are produced with vocal-cord vibration.26. Inflectional morphology is one of the two sub-branches of morphology.27. The structure of words is not governed by rules.28. If a word has sense, it must have reference.29. “He didnt stop smoking” presupposes that he had been smoking.30. A locutionary act is the act of expressing the speakers intention.31. A text is best regarded as a semantic unit, a unit not of form but of meaning.32. Although the age at which children will pass through a given stage can vary significant from child to child, the particular sequence of stages seems to be the same for all children acquiring a given language.33. Its normally assumed that, by the age of five, with an operating vocabulary of more 2,000 words, children have completed the greater part of the language acquisition process.34. “Tom hit Mary and Mary hit Tom” is an exocentric construction while “men and women” is an endocentric construction.35. Following Saussures distinction between langue and parole, Trubetzkoy argued that phonetics belonged to langue whereas phonology belonged to parole.36. The subject-predicate distinction is the same as the theme and functional linguistics.37. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.38. Consonant sounds can be either voiced or voiceless, while all vowel sounds are voiceless.39. The standard language is a superposed, socially prestigious dialect of language.40. An illocutionary act is identical with the speakers intention.21. When language is used to get information from other, it serves an informative function.22. All the English words are not symbolic.23. All sounds produced by human speech organs are linguistics symbols.24. There are 72 symbols for consonants and 25 for vowels in English.25. The sound z is an oral voiced post-alveolar fricative.26. A morpheme is the basic unit in the study of morphology.27. Derivational affixes are added to an existing form to create a word.28. The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality.29. There is only one argument in the sentence “Kids like apples”.30. While conversation participants nearly always observe the CP, they do not always observe these maxims strictly.31. Inviting, suggesting, warning, ordering are instance of commissives.32. Cohesion and coherence is identical with each other in essence.33. It has been recognized that in ideal acquisition situation, many adults can reach native-like proficiency in all aspects of a second language.34. All roots are free morphemes while not all free morphemes are roots.35. In the Classical theory, Chomskys aim is to make linguistics a science. This theory is characterized by three features: emphasis on prescription of language, introduction of transformational rules, and grammatical description regardless of language formation.36. Generative grammar is a system of rules that in some explicit and well-defined way assigns structural descriptions to sentences.37. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.38. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand how words and phrases form sentences, and so on.39. Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical of the psycholinguistics.40. Hallidays Systemic Grammar contains a functional component, and the theory behind his Function Grammar is systemic.21. Most animal communication systems lack the primary level of articulation.22. Langue is more abstract than parole and therefore is not directly observable.23. General linguistics deals with the whole human language.24. Auditory phonetics investigates how a sound is perceived by the listener.25. In English, there are two nasal consonants. There are m and n.26. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.27. The meaning of the word we often used is the primary meaning.28. Meaning is central to the study of communication.29. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the illocutionary act because this kind of speech is identical with the speakers intention.30. As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context, pragmatics can also be considered as a kind of meaning study.31. If a text has no cohesive words, we say the text is not coherent.32. The optimum age for SLA always accords with the maxim of “the younger the better”.33. In general, language acquisition refers to childrens development of their first language, that is, the native language of the community in which a child has been brought up.34. The London