第十单元主语从句.doc

主语从句主语从句(Subject Clause)定义:在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句.第一部分：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.（4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（7）Whose watch was lost is unknown.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.小结:（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例9第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末（1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.（4）It is strange that he should do that.（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.（7）It is a pity that we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident. （9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) （10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. （11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)（13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)小结:（1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句.（2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11. 一主语从句 主语从句 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is 名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) it is 形容词从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) it 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 (4) it is过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (3) It happens, It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (4) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right. 名词性从句及完形填空1、It doesnt matter_I rest or not. AifBwhetherCthatDwhen2、_I cant understand is_he wants to change his mind.Athat, that Bwhich, what Cwhat, why Dwhat, that3、_I was free that day.AIt happened toBIt happened that CThat happenedDIt was happened that4、He_you are not going abroad.Asurprised thatBis surprised whether Cis surprised thatDsurprised at5、The truth_the factory would break down made all the workers shocked.Aof which Bthat Cabout that Dwhat6、_I have will be yours sooner or later.ANo matter whatBWhatever CWhetherDThat7、_in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive in Beijing next Friday.AIt saysBHe is saidCIt has saidDIt is said8、_we go swimming every day_us a lot of good.AIf, doBThat, doCIf, doesDThat, does9、_he has been getting on well with his studies makes all of us happy.AWhichBHowCWhatDThat10、We all know the truth_there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.AwhereBwhereverCthatDthat wherever11、I think it is_youre eating too much. AthatBbecauseCthe reasonDfor12.It is said _has been translated into French. Athat thatBwhichCthatDthat which13.It is still a question _we shall have our sports meet. AwhyBthatCwhenDwhich14. Its not yet clear _of those will be chosen to go abroad. AthatBwhichCwhomDwho15、The news_he died in the battle has got round in the village. AthatBwhichCwhatDthis16、-Do you remember_he came? -Yes, I do. He came by train.AhowBwhenCwhereDthat17、_we cant get seems better than_we have.AWhat, whatBWhat, thatCThat, thatDThat, what28._they have won the game made us excited. A/BThatCWhatDWhere19._I accept the girl or refuse it is none of your business. AIfBWhetherCEven ifDWhen20._he says in his report is a very interesting question.AWhat allBAll whatCWhatDWhat that21._certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.AThat isBThis isCIt isDIt has22._is unknown to us all.AWhere did she put itBWhere she put it CThat where she put itDIn which she put it23、_nothing to do with us.AWhat she did haveBWhat she did is CWhat did she do hasDWhat she has done has24、The trouble is_we are short of hands. AwhatBthatChowDwhich25.Energyis_makes things work. AwhatBeverythingCsomething Dthat26、My hometown is not_it used to_ten years ago.Awhen; doBwhat; doCwhat; beDwhen; be27、The reason _I have to go is_my mother is ill in bed.Awhy; whyBwhy; becauseCwhy; thatDthat; because28、The thought _he might fail in the exam worried him. AwhichBthatCwhenDso that29.That is _I lost my pen. AwhenBwhereCthatDwhat30、His suggestion _to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.Athat we goBwhich we should go Cthat we would goDwe would go名词性从句包括表语从句、宾语从句、主语从句和同位语从句.其关联词有that, if , whether, who, what, which, when, where, why等。一、对表语从句的考查考例1 - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季)A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 解析:上文的关键词语still thinking about yesterdays game决定必然用表语从句what makes me feel excited ,表示比赛留下久久不能忘怀的印象,豪情激发,现在还在thinking;B项是泛泛而指,当然不行;C和D项内容与上下文问题无关。故答案为A.考例2-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that_ you had a few days off?(NMET1999)A.why B.when C.what D.where 解析:这是一个由why引导的表语从句,表示原因.这句话的意思是这就是你离开的原因吗?。故答案为A。考例3Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats_ it takes to do anything well.( 2002上海春季)A. what B. that C. which D. why 解析:what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成It takes sth. to do sth.的句型。答案为A。二、对宾语从句的考查宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语.如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make, find, see, hear等,则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语.另外,某些作表语的形容词,如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可以带宾语从句。考例4Mr. Hall understands that_maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. ( 2003安徽春季)A. unless B. since C. although D. when 解析:该题考查连词在宾语从句中的用法.观察题干Mr. Hall understands是主句,其后有that引导的宾语从句,可将该句简化为: _maths has always been easy for him,it is not easy for the students.分析简化后的句子可知,maths has always been easy for him与it is not easy for the students之间含有转折关系,其他选项不合题干逻辑。故答案为C。考例5When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants .(2002上海春季)A.what B.which C.when D.that 解析:这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语,意思是永远给予他人他确实想要的东西。故答案为A。三、对主语从句的考查主语从句在从句中作主语,它可以放在主句谓语动词之前,但多数情况下由it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句之后。考例6_fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.(2002上海春季)A.What B.That C.This D.Which 解析:这是含有一个主语从句的句子。因为主语从句是一个完整的句子,所以要填写that。这句话的意思是国与国之间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化的差异。答案为B。考例7_ she couldnt understand was_ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.( 2000上海)A.What;why B.That; what C.What; because D.Why; that 解析:答案为A。主语从句she couldnt understand缺少宾语,要用what引导。表语从句fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons是一个完整的句子,要用why引导,意思是为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。四、对同位语从句的考查同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词概念的名词后面,用以说明名词所表示的具体内容,常跟同位语从句的名词主要有:idea, news, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, hope, problem, proof, question, reply, report, suggestion, thought, truth等。考例8Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.( 2001上海)A.while B.that C.when D.as 解析:that引导从句作information的同位语,解释information的具体内容.这句话的意思是有消息说,有更多的中学毕业生将进入大学。由于information与同位语从句被has been put forward分隔开来,增加了试题的难度。巩固练习1.Go and get your coat.Its_you left it.A.there B.where C.there were D.where there 2._he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The manner3._ the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.A.When ever B.If C.Whether D.That 4.The problem is_ he has enough time.A.if B.whether C./ D.that 5.The fact_ he didnt see Lao Li yesterday is true.A.which B.that C.when D.what6.He made a promise_ he would help me.A.what B.when C.that_ D.which 7.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village.A.how B.when C.where D.what 8._ beat Xiao Wang black and blue is not known.A.Whom_ B.Whoever C.Who D.What9.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever10._we cant get seems better than_we have.A.What; what B.What; that C.That; that D.That; what 1.These photograhps will show you _. A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 2.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A.where Alice had put B.where did Alice put C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put 3.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A.what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what look will man like 4.-We havent heard from Jane a long time. -What do you suppose _ to her? A.was happening B.has happened C.to happen D.having happened 5.Go and get your coat. Its _you left it. A.there B.where C.there where D.where there 6._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That 7._ he said at the meeting astionished everyone present. A.What B.That C.That fact D.The matter8.-Do yopu remember _ he came? -Yes, I do . He came by car. A.how B.when C.that D.it 9._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A.What , what B.What , that C.That , that D.That , what 10.After the war, a new school building was put up _there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when 11.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is (97) 12.Dr,Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I cant remember _. A.where B.there C.which D.that (98) 13.Why do you want a new job_youve got such a good one already? A.that B.where C.which D.when (98) 14. I,m going to the post office. youre there. can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. If (99) 15. youve got a chance. you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. AS soon as (99) 16Idrove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where (99) 17. You should make it a rule to leave thingsyou can find them again A. when B.where C.then D.there (99) 18. Well have tofinish the job. A. long it takes howewer B. it takes howewer long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes (99) 19._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer studnets showed interest in her lesson. A.What , why B.That , what C.What , because D.Why , that (2000) 20.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is (2000) 历届高考英语单项选择题精选(四)名词性从句、状语从句1.These photograhps will show you _.A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks likeC.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like2.Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A.where Alice had put B.where did Alice putC.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put 3.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what man will look like B.what will man look likeC.man will look like what D.what look will man like 4.-We havent heard from Jane a long time.-What do you suppose _ to her?A.was happening B.has happened C.to happenD.having happened 5.Go and get your coat. Its _you left it.A.there B.whereC.there where D.where there6._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A.Whenever B.If C.WhetherD.That7._ he said at the meeting astionished everyone present.A.What B.That C.That fact D.The matter8.-Do yopu remember _ he came?-Yes, I do . He came by car.A.how B.when C.that D.it 9._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What , what B.What , that C.That , that D.That , what 10.After the war, a new school building was put up _there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when 11.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is 12.Dr,Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I cant remember _.A.where B.there C.which D.that13.Why do you want a new job_youve got such a good one already?A.that B.w