虚拟语气学习纲要.doc

虚拟语气学习纲要虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示，对虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法介绍如下：A).条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 条件状语从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反 If +主语+动词过去式（be 动词一律用were)主语+would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形与过去事实相反If + 主语 + 动词过去完成式主语+ would/ should/ could/ might + have +done与将来事实可能相反A. 谓语用动词过去式（be 动词一律用were)B. 谓语用were to+ 动词原形C. 谓语用should+动词原形主语+ would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形Eg. 如果我是你，我就不看电视了.If I were you, I should/would not watch TV.如果我做完家庭作业，我就去参加晚会.If I did/had done my homework, I would go/have gone to the party.如果你昨天晚上不看电视，就不会迟到了.If you hadnt gone to the cinema, you would not have been late for class.如果你努力地学习的话，你就会考试及格了。If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.The plants in our garden_better if it had not rained so much last year. A.had grown B.would have grown C.were growing D.would growNote:a).条件从句中if 的省略，要倒装如果条件从句的谓语动词包含有were或助动词、情态动词had,should,could，有时可将连词if省去，而将 条件从句的主语置于were,had,should,could之后。这种用法主要用于书面语，如：a.与现在相反：If I were you (=Were I you) , I would go with him. b.与过去相反：If I had had time then (=Had I had time then), I would have gone with you. c.与将来相反：If I were to visit/should visit/visited the Great Wall tomorrow, (=Were I to /Should I visit the Great Wall tomorrow), I would take my son with me. 注意：在否定句中not不可提至主语前，如： （误）Werent I here now, I would be in the bus. （正）Were I not here now, I would be in the bus. b).without 可以代替条件从句 Eg.没有水和空气，我们就不能生存。 We would not live without water or air.c) 混合虚拟条件句 如果条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的 时间加以调整。这种句子叫做混合虚拟条件句。如： If he had followed my advice,he would be quite all rightnow.（从句述说过去，主句述说现在） If China had not been liberated,the working people wouldstill be leading a miserable life.（ 从句表示与过去的事实相反，主句说明与现在的事实相反）d) 省略主句，只保留if(only)的条件句 虚拟条件句中的表示结果的主句有时形式上可以省略，但意义仍然存在。这种句子只保留一个if(only)条 件从句，表达说话人的强烈愿望。如：If(only)she were my sister！她是我的妹妹就好了！e) 用but或but for引导含蓄条件句（but后跟从句，but for后跟短语: 假如没有, 要不是） But for your help,our experiment wouldnt have been sosuccessful. 假如没有你们的帮助，我们的实验是不会如此成功的。 But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨我们会到得早一些。 We would have invited them to the dance,but they were too busy. 要不是他们太忙，我们会邀请他们来参加舞会的。 此句可改写为：If they had not been so busy,we would haveinvited them to the dance. But that he is in hospital,He would go abroad for hissummer vacation. 要不是生病住院，他就出国度暑假了。 该句可改写为：If he wereint in hospital,he would go abroadfor his summer vacatiom.f) If only .这是一种特殊句式结构 一、If only.用于感叹句中,是一个保留条件句,省略了主句的形式。用来表示某人对某事的一种强烈愿望或未实现的条件,其意为但愿;真希望;要是就好了。常用于虚拟语气的谓语动词形式。 If only she were my sister! 如果她是我姐姐该多好啊! (=How fine it would be if she were my sister!)If only.引导的从句谓语动词形式分以下几种:1. If only后常接一般过去时,表示对现在的一种难以实现的愿望。如:1)If only I had that book! 我要是有那本书就好了。 =How fine it would be if only I had the book (but I havent the book). 2)If only I were younger! 要是我年轻点儿就好了! =How fine it would be if only I were younger! (but I am not younger) 3)If only my mother were here now! 要是我母亲现在在这儿就好了。 (but she isnt here now)4)How fine it would be if only they could find a way to get to the room!他们要是能够找到一条通道进入那个房间该多好啊!2. If only后常接过去完成时,表示过去没有实现的愿望。如:1) If only you had worked with greater care! 你当时干活时要是再认真些就好了! (but you didnt work with greater care)2) If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train! 要是我们及时赶到,就不 会误车了。(but we didnt arrive in time)3. If only后常用过去将来时表示将来不大可能实现的愿望。如:If only she would win!但愿她能赢!二、If only有时也可引导陈述语气的真实条件句,意思为只要。If only it clears up, well go. 只要天一放晴,我们就去。与此句型容易混淆的还有一种结构only if.,only置于if前表示强调if条件,意为只要,用于引导陈述语气的真实条件句。Only if you study hard, you will pass the test. 只要你努力学习,就会通过考试。B).宾语从句中的虚拟语气a).wish+宾语从句 与现在/将来事实相反 谓语动词- be-were/ 动词-过去式 与过去事实相反 过去完成式 eg. I wish I were a bird flying freely in the sky. I wish you passed the entrance exam.I wish you hadnt been absent yesterday.b).表示请求，命令，建议的动词后(一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand, require, request,ask) 谓语动词-(should)+doeg.我们建议她去看医生。 We suggested that she (should) go to see a doctor.例外情况：suggestion，insist后从句中不用虚拟语气的问题suggest作为“表明，暗示”时，不用虚拟语气insist作为“坚持认为”时，不用虚拟语气eg.The smile on his face suggested that he succeeded in the task. 我们坚持他应该去看医生。(坚持要sb做) We insisted that he (should) go to see a doctor. We insisted that old Li was an advanced worker in our company. Janes pale face suggested that she ill and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A.be;should have B.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has C).主语从句的虚拟语气It is important/necessary/strange+that+主+(should) do.Eg. It is necessary that we (should) master a foreign language to find a good job.D).其它状语从句中的虚拟语气a).方式从句 与现在/将来事实相反 谓语动词- be-were/ 动词-过去式 与过去事实相反 谓语动词-过去完成式eg.她很悲伤仿佛整个世界都背叛了她。 She felt upset and sad as if/as though the whole world had turned against her. b).让步从句 与现在/将来事实相反 谓语动词- be-were/ 动词-过去式与过去事实相反 谓语动词- 过去完成式eg.即使他向我道歉，我也不会原谅他。 Even if/Even though he apologized to me, I wouldnt pardon him.E).it is (high,about) time+从句的虚拟语气从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是1.用过去时态表示虚拟Or 2.should + 动词原形，should 不能省常译为是（正是）的时侯It is (high,about) time for+sth. for sb to do. that +clause(谓语动词- be-were/ 动词用过去时或should+V)eg.我们该回家了. It is time (that)we went/should go home.1 He suggested that the meeting put off. A. not be B. should not C. wouldnt D. be not2 What would have happened if you her child? A. hadnt helped B. couldnt help C. wouldnt help D. didnt help3 It is strange that he so. A. thinks B. think C. thought D. will think4 If I with her last summer, I with her now. A. workedam getting on very well B. had workedwould get on very well C. had worked would have got on very well D. had workedwill get on very well5 I wish I my uncle yesterday. A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met6 The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished7 Its high time he home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go8 you succeed and you be healthy. A. Maymay B. Wishwish C. Hopehope D. Shouldmay9 Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. A. should move B. move C. moves D.A or B10 I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeting. A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have come11 Supposing the weather bad, where would they go? A. will be B. is C. were D. be12 your letter, I would have started off two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. If I could have received D. Had I received13 If only I to my parents advice! A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened14 If it rain next week, the farmers could still have a good harvest. A. should B. could C. would D. might15 -Why