英语的句子按照动词的作用可以分为5种最基本的句型.doc

英语的句子按照动词的作用可以分为5种最基本的句型，任何一个英语句子都是这5种基本句型中的一种。基本句型1：主语+谓语动词【不及物动词】请看下面3个句子：(1) I cook.(2) The bookstore opens at 9 a. m.(3) My train leaves at 5:30 in the evening.第一句就是最明显的句型1。第二句和第三句虽然看上去比第一句长，但如果把修饰的部分(时间)剔除，就可以看出它们只有主语和谓语动词两种主要成分。句型l中的动词是不需要宾语或补语的不及物动词，不加修饰成分，主语和谓语仍然能够构成一句意思完整的话。基本句型2：主语+谓语动词【连系动词】+表语 句型2除了主语和谓语动词之外还需要表示主语状态的表语。在句型2中，如果去掉表语，主语和谓语动词无法构成意思完整的一句话。表语可以是名词、形容词、不定式，分词、动名词和名词性从句。谓语动词是需要表语成分的连系动词。He is a teacher.(表语是名词teacher)The concert was really impressive.(表语是形容词impressive)Her dream is to have a house in Sanya.(表语是不定式to have a house)He was excited at that time.(表语是过去分词excited)基本句型3：主语+谓语动词【及物动词J+宾语 句型3中，如果去掉宾语，主语和谓语动词不能构成意思完整的句子。宾语表达的是谓语动词的动作对象，可以是名词、代词或相当于名词的短语和从句。句型3中的动词是需要宾语成分的及物动词。My brother bought a computer.(宾语是名词computer)He beats her often.(宾语是代词her)We know that youre not feeling well.(宾语是从句that youre not feeling well)基本句型4：主语+谓语动词【及物动词】+间接宾语+直接宾语 句型4需要两个宾语，一个是表示“物”的直接宾语，一个是表示人的“间接宾语”。句中的动词是可以接双宾语的动词，表示交接或转移物品等意思。The book Cost me 45 yuan.(直接宾语为45 yuan，间接宾语是me)Her father gave the money to her.(直接宾语为money，间接宾语是her)Could you please pass me the paper?(直接宾语为paper，间接宾语是me)基本句型5：主语+谓语动词【及物动词)+宾语+补语 句型5的特点是，句中的宾语是补语的逻辑主语，举个例子说，“You make me disappointed.”这句话中，补语“disappointed”的主语是句中的宾语“me”而不是句中的主语“you”。用汉语解释，句型5就是“主语让宾语做到补语的状态”。句型5中的动词是可以接宾语补语的使役动词和感官动词。宾语补语可以是动词原形、形容词、分词等。I had a barber cut my hair.(我请理发师帮我理了发。)Her mother let her go tO Japan.(她的妈妈让她去了日本。)I saw you enter that room.(我看见你进了那个房间。)I heard him quarrelling with his girlfriend.(我听到他和女友吵架。)请用括号内的词替换句子中相应的词，并把句子说出来。1.I swear.f sin9/ran/work)2.The book is very nice.(juice/movie/song)3.My mother bought me a new dress.(some oranges/some chocolates/a new book)4.The computer cost me 6000 Yuan.(furniture/tour package/training)5.My parents let me go to the university.(the army/my grandfathers house Shanghai)在英语的句子中，谓语动词在“人称”和“数”上必须和主语一致。关于主语和谓语的一致关系，有以下几点应当注意的。在英语的句子中，谓语动词在“人称”和“数”上必须和主语一致。例如：I am definitely goin9.You are fight.They often go to school together.The Lincoln Center sees education as one of its most important functions.关于主语和谓语的一致关系，有以下几点应当注意：(1)两个单数名词或代词为主语用“and”或“bothand,连接时：如果指的是两个人或事，谓语动词用复数形式，例如：A professor and a writer were present at the meeting.一位教授和一位作家出席了会议。如果两个词指的是一个人或一个概念，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：The professor and writer was present at the meeting.这位教授兼作家出席了会议。(2)两个名词或代词做主语，用“eitheror”或“neithernor”连接时，谓语动词应和后一个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例如：Either he or I am wrong.Neither you nor she wants to lag behind.(3)两个名词或代词做主语，用“as well as”连接时，谓语动词应和前一个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例如：You，as well as he，are welcome to our sch001.The girl，as well as the boys，has joined the army.(4)主语后面有用介词“with”引导的短语时，谓语动词只能和“with”前面的主语的人称和数一致。例如：A teacher with fifty students is working in the fields.(5)做主语用的集体名词如family，class，committee，crew，audience等，如果当做一个整体看，谓语动词用单数形式，如果当做许多个体看 ，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：My family is a happy one.我的家庭是个幸福的家庭。My family are all fond of singing.我们全家都喜欢唱歌。(6)表示数量、举例、时间、金钱等的复数名词做主语时，如果当做一个整体看，渭语动词可以用单数形式。例如：Three hundred miles is a great distance.Five dollars is enough.请将括号中谓语动词的正确形式写在横线上。1.He(play)guitar every day.2.Neither he nor l(be)going.3.You，as well as she，(be)among the top five.4.An economist and writer(be) coming to our school yesterday.5.Forty Yuan一(be)not enough.宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，在复合句中的功用相当于名词，做主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的关联词有3类：从属连词(that，whether，if)、连接代词(wh0，what，which)、连接副词(when，where，how，why)。宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，在复合句中的功用相当于名词，做主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的关联词有3类：从属连词(that，whether，if)、连接代词(wh0，what，which)、连接副词(when，where，how，why)。(1)由连词that引导的宾语从句。如The old lady said(that)her daughter was out中的that由于在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式文体中常常省略。(2)由连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。如I dont know if he11 come。(3)由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。如He always does what his mother tells him to do.Did you tell them why you were absent last time等。请在横线上填写适当的关联词，使句子完整。1.The American said he liked Beijing very much.2.Nobody knows he11 come or not.3.Did you tell heryou didnt come yesterday?4.Do you know the movie starts?5.I dont know the cinema is.参考答案：1. that 2. whether 3. why 4. when 5. where在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，它的作用相当于形容词。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般都 要放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的有关系代词who(whom，whose)、which、that和关系副词when、where、why等，如“The letter that Ireceived yesterday was from my sister”。限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整、不明确。这种从句和主句之间不能用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然很清楚，它和主句之间通常要用逗号分开。试比较下面的两个句子：She has a brother who is a worker.她有一个当工人的兄弟。(意思是她不只有一个