连词和并列句.doc

并列句一、概念由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立，互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号（但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号）。常见的并列句结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句。这种简单句常被叫做分句。PS. 并列句是连词连接前后两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者是并列的关系；而状语从句中前后的两个句子一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。I help him and he helps me.This is our first lesson, so I dont know all your names. She likes bread and milk, but she doesnt like eggs at all. You can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year.Hurry up, or youll be late. One was filled with kerosene（煤油）, one with castor oil（蓖麻油）and one with vinegar（醋）.二、并列连词并列连词可表示多种意义，但主要有四种，即表示并列、转折、选择、因果等。1、表示并列关系的并列连词（1）并列连词and的用法 可以连接两个的词，多用于肯定句中。Go and fetch something to eat.He started to shout and sing. Read it slowly and clearly. Proper diet and exercise are important to health.连接两个句子，表示因果、对比、条件、假设、目的等。They didnt catch the bus, and had to stay in a hotel for the night.（因果）Mary likes music and Lily is fond of sports.（对比）Work hard and you will succeed.（条件）（2）并列连词bothand, not onlybut also, as well as的用法bothand意为：“不但而且； 既又”，并列主语时谓语动词用复数形式。Both New York and London have traffic problems. The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.Both teaching and research work are making great strides.She both plays the piano and sings.Both she and the headmaster were pleased with the boy.not onlybut also意为：“不但.而且”，是并列连词，可以连接两个词，也可连接两个句子。其中，but also中的also可以省略。a.连接两个成分not onlybut also可以连接句中所有的成分，连接并列主语时，其谓语动词根据就近原则，与所靠近的成分保持数的一致。Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.He can speak not only French but (also) English. He not only had seen the film but also remembered what he had seen.b.并列两个句子not onlybut also可以连接两个句子，not only位于句首时， not only后的句子要倒装。Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter. Not only was evrything he had taken away, but his citizenship. as well as,表示“同、和、也”等。The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime. I have read his novels as well as his plays.我读过他的小说和剧本。neithernor，意为“既不也不”2、表示转折关系的并列连词这类连词连接两个含义不同的甚至是反义的词、短语或分句。常见的还有yet(然而)，while(而)，however(可是)等。其中while与but的区别在于:while表示对比，而but表示意义正好相反。The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, but they will save us money in the long run. Excuse me for breaking in, but I have some news for you.He was in deep trouble , yet he didnt lose heart.Rick was very successful, however, the last few years of his life were not happy ones.You like sports, while Id rather read.注意：notbut在连接主语时，谓语动词要按就近原则，与靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Not the manager but the workers are hoping to do that.Not you but I am a teacher. 3、表示选择关系的并列连词此类并列连词主要有or, or else, eitheror, otherwise，neithernor, not nor等。（1）or的用法 可以连接两个的词，多用于否定或者疑问句中。主语的人称、数不一致时, 动词随着接近的主语而变化。He never smokes or drinks.Will you have tea or coffee? Are you leavening for Beijing by train or by plane?She will be back either today or tomorrow. 连接两个句子，常和else连用。Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away? Put on your overcoat, or you will catch cold. He must pay the debt or else go to prison.Hurry up, or/or else well be late for the meeting.注意：or, or else, otherwise三者相比，or else语气较or强，而otherwise语气则最强。Make haste, or (else) youll be late. Lets begin, otherwise, we will fall behind.I would like you to change this blouse, or else give me my money back.练习1. Tom_Mary cannot speak Chinese. They did not speak Japanese clearly_correctly, either.2. The clock has no eyes_ears. And it has no mouth_ no legs, either. 3.Man cant live without air_water. Thats to say, man will die without air_water. 4. Learning the guitar isnt difficult , you have to practice.5. In some Asian countries, nodding the head means not “Yes” “No”.6. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem, they themselves couldnt.7. The situation at home abroad is in our favor.（2）eitheror, neithernor, not nor的用法可以连接两个的词eitheror, neithernor, not nor等连接主语时，谓语动词也依据就近原则。Either my father or my brothers are coming. Neither you nor I am wrong. Either the coach or the players are responsible for the defeat. He does not ride, nor shoot, nor fish . 连接两个句子，当neither, nor放句首时，该句倒装。Either we go now or we remain here forever.Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.4、表示因果关系的并列连词这类连词常见的有so(因此)，for(因为)，therefore(因此)等。并列连词for表示原因，用以附加说明。这个词引导的分句必须放在第一个分句之后。（1）for的用法for可以表示原因，但引起的不是从句，而是分句，对前面的情况加以解释，有逗号把它和前面的分句分开，在书面语中用的较多。I apologized to her , for I had wronged her. The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before. He felt no fear, for he was very brave. 比较：for 和 because 在表示“原因”的时候意思基本相同, 一般可以互相代用。for可以表示原因又可以用于提出说明, 语气比because轻得多。Because引导的从句一般放在主句后, 有时也可放在主句前, 而for引导的句子只能放在后面。另外在回答Why的问句时, 只能用because不能用for。再者, for不能跟not.but这一结构连用。I did it not because I liked it but because I had to do it. (正)我做这件事，不是因为我喜欢，而是因为我不得不这样做。I did it not for I liked it but for I had to do it. (误)（2）so的用法so 表示结果，意为“因此，所以，于是”。These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough.It was late, so we went home.He was sick, so they were quiet. （3