2005年陕西省硕士英语统测试题.doc

2005年陕西省硕士英语统测试题一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一包括听力理解、词汇、完型填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题；试卷二包括翻译与写作两部分，共3题。二、答题时间共150分钟，其中试卷一80分钟，试卷二70分钟。Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B,Cand D.Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.16. When a civilization loses simplicity and the sophisticated do not return to unsophistication, civilization becomes increasingly full of troubles and degenerates.A manipulates B regulatesC degrades D appreciates17. Snobs who pay too much respect for social position and wealth tend to disparage the academic achievement of intellectuals.A despise B encompassC falsify D implicate18. The celebrities of higher social class treated the grassroots with haughty contempt in the aggregate.A rascals B influencesC dictators D agents19. The sense of guilt sets us down at the typewriter, hustles us to the job on a morning when everything has gone wrong.A urges B shoves C jostles D dissolves20. Thus, surveillance of citizens in the name of national security undermines the very society it was intended to protect.A conveyance B surveyC brilliance D convenience21. We should make a clear distinction between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.A conviction B deviationC difference D discrimination22. But except for a few minor concessions, the US held tight on the problem of greenhouse gas emissions.A successions B disappointmentsC compromises D suspicions23. The wind-chill factor, the combination of low temperature and wind speed, strikingly increases the degree of cold felt by a person who is outdoors.A mixture B expectationC enormity D inclination24. The managing director promised that he would notify me as soon as he had any further information.A communicate B notice C inform D verify25. Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of practically every business, operation in the whole country.A presumably B preciselyC presently , D virtuallySection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences, in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. Lucinda stood in front of the window, _ what the future would be like without those children that she loved so much.A contaminating B consentingC conspiring D contemplating27. The _ of the solution to the political problem taken by the two opposing sides is not accidental. It is based on peoples strong craving for peace.A conversion B emergenceC convergence D vigilance28. For all the decent words about senior citizens and their golden, age, the fact is that retirement often _ little more than a swift shift from a meaningful role to a meaningless one.A glorifies B magnifiesC simplifies D signifies29. Due to cultural difference, Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes _to American audiences.A around B overC across D down30. A man has to make _for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.A supply B assuranceC provision D adjustment31. Losing the confidence to the party in power to improve the economic situation, he _ from voting at the last election.A abstained B restrainedC contained D retained32. Plans for reformation that has long been_ in their minds will be implemented this year, if the procedures work as planned.A incubating B evacuatingC inculcating D incriminating33. Hoping to accumulate enough money to pay for her tuition, Ella tried every means to_ her spending in addition to a part-time job.A splash B curtailC curdle D lavish34. When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure_ to carrying your money in cash.A superstition B duplicationC preference D alternative35.More than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _in San Francisco.A previously B predominantly C paradoxically D permanentlyPart III CLOZE TEST (l0 minutes, 15 points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a bar across the square brackets on answer sheet.13The gorilla is something ofparadox in the African scene. Onethinks one knows him well. For ahundred years or more he has beenkilled,36_ and imprisoned , inzoos. His bones have been 37in natural history museumseverywhere, and he has always 38 a strong fascination, uponscientists and romantics alike. He isthe stereotyped 39 of the horrorfilms and the adventure books, and an obvious (though not perhaps strictlyscientific) 40 with our ancestral past. Yet the fact is we know very littleabout gorillas. No really satisfactory photograph has ever been taken of one in a wild state: no zoologist, 41 intrepid(无畏的), has been able to keep the animal under close andconstant observation in the dark 42 in which it lives. Carl Akeley, the American naturalist，led two 43 to Uganda in the 1920 s and now lies buried there among the animals he36. A liberated B supervisedC captured D reproduced 37. A mounted B smashedC prohibited D multiplied38. A exerted B imposedC impressed D applied39. A compiler B monsterC conqueror D director40. A conformity B linkC clash D conflict41. A whatever B howeverC moreover D whoever42. A cottage B pastureC terrain D jungles43. A expeditions B huntersC voyagers D organizationsloved so well; but even he was unable to discover how long the gorilla lives, or how or why if dies,nor was he able to 44 the exactsocial pattern of the family groups,or indicate the final 45 of theirintelligence. All this and many otherthings remain almost, as much a 46 as they were when the French explorer Du Chaillu first described the animal to the civilized world a century ago. The AbominableSnowman is hardly more elusive.The 47 that is known aboutgorillas certainly makes you wantto know more. Sir Julian. Huxleyhas recorded that thrice in the London Zoo he saw an eighteen-month-old specimen trace theoutline of its own shadow with its finger. No 48 artisticinitiative, he writes, has beenrecorded for any other anthropoid( 类人猿 )though we all know now that young chimpanzeeswill paint pictures. if 49 withthe necessary materials. Huxleyspeaks too of a traveler seeing amale gorilla help a female up a steeprock-step, and this kind of mannersis certainly not 50 amonganimals. It is, this humanness of the gorilla that arouses mans curiosity.44. A define B abideC forge D modify45. A reach B extentC range D amount46. A mystery B tabooC confusion D stimulus47. A much B moreC little D pattern48. A similar B identical C familiar D spectacular49. A assigned B contendedC provided D offered50. A sufficient B normalC abnormal D efficientPart IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes; 30 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, ICJ or D, and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneAristotle wrote that men come together in cities to live, but stay in them to live the good life. It was the Greeks who invented the idea of the city, and urbanity continues as a thriving tradition .But in the first decade of the 21st century, urban life is changing. Cities are now junctions in the flows of people, information, finance and freight, says Nigel Harris, a professor of development planning. “Theyre less and less places where people live and work.”The enlargement of the European Union in December in 2002 has given residents of up to 13 new member nations freedom of movement within its borders. At the same time, an additional 13.5 million immigrants a year will be needed in the EU just to keep a stable ratio between workers and pensioners over the next half century. All this mobility will make Europes cities nodes of nomadism, linked to each other by high-speed trains and cheap airline flights. The bustle around airports and train stations will make the crowds in Europes great piazza look thin by comparison. Urban designers, with a freshly pricked interest in transience rather than stasis(静止), are even now dreaming up cityscapes that focus on flows of people and fungible uses for buildings.Public spaces are due for a revamp. Earlier architects conceived of train stations as single buildings；todays designers are thinking of them as transit zones that link to the city around them, pouring travelers into bus stations and surrounding shops. In Amsterdam, urban planner Ben van Berkel, codirector of the design firm UN Studio, has developed what he calls Deep Planning Strategy, which inverts the traditional top down approach: The creation of ,a space comes before the flow of people through it. With 3-D modeling and animation, hes able to look at different population groups use public spaces at different times of the day. He uses the data to design spaces that accommodate mobs at rush hour and sparser crowds at other times.The growing mobility of Europe has inspired a debate about the look and feel of urban sprawl. “Up until now, our entire cultural heritage has been concentrated in the city center,” notes Prof. Heinrich Moding of the German Institute of Urban Affairs. “But weve got to imagine how its possible to have joyful vibrancy in these outlying parts, so that theyre not just about garages, highways and gasoline tanks.” The designs of new buildings are also changing to anticipate the emerging City as a way station. Buildings have been seen as disconnecting, isolating, and defining. But increasingly, the quality of space thats in demand is movement.51. What is the main idea of the passage?A The modern cities wont be places to live the good life so much as way stations.B Aristotles idea about urban life is no longer applicable in the 21st century.C Location factors will not be so important in the 21st century as in Aristotles time.D There will be no fixed buildings in the future and the culture of architecture will change.52. From the second paragraph, we can infer that_.A people belonging to the EU member states can travel freely within bordersB immigration to the European Union will benefit the nations welfareC the flow of people among European nations will cause troubles to transportationD the mobility of cities in Europe will put urban designers in a dilemma53. The word revamp ( Line 1 Para. 3) probably means_ .A revival BrevelationC renewal D recovery54. Which one of the following correctly describes Ben van Berkels Deep Planning Strategy?A The creation of public spaces should base on information about the flow of people.B The creation of public spaces should come before the people move into the city.C The creation of public spaces should make full use of 3-D: animation technology.D The creation of public spaces should take into account the working hours of the inhabitants.55. Prof. Heinrich Moding indicates that_.A the lifestyle and culture of a city should change because of peoples mobility sB the suburbs will no longer be the places for garages and highways in the futureC the cultural environment will be more attractive than the location factorsD the suburbs will be more prosperous in the future than the city centerPassage TwoThe word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confusing, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge.Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes-for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.56. To define science we can simply name it as_.A the study of unrelated subjectsB an attempt to explain natural phenomenaC the study of unrelated fields D classified knowledge57. Which of the following sentences about pure science is true?A It may lead to antiscientific, impure results.B It necessarily precedes applied science and the discovery of the cell.C It is not always as pure as we suppose.D It necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of the cell.58. A scientist interested in general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach_.A applied science B chemical scienceC pure science D environmental science59. Which of the following does the author imply?A Pure scientists should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.B Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.C In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.D Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.60. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A The Nature of Science and ScientistsB Biology and the Scientific AgeC Hypotheses and TheoriesD On Distinguishing Fact from FictionPassage ThreeThe first reaction one has to the question of viable approaches to the control of chemical and biological weapons is that there are no such approaches. And it is most difficult to dispense with this first reaction. The reasons are that the nations, including some of the smaller ones, are already downstream too far. The larger stores of weapons for CB warfare may be restricted to the major powers, but there is little doubt that an increasing capability is proliferating (激增) to some of the smaller and developing countries. What used to be largely a picture of research has turned to development, and development has turned to manufacturing and stockpi