语法2考试资料.docx

-ING 分词动词+ 宾语+介词+ -ING 分词fool sb. into doing哄骗某人干coerce sb. into doing强迫某人干save sb from + v-ing / n 从。中救出，使免受warn sb about + v-ing / n 告诫prevent sb from 阻止congratulate sb on 为。道贺accuse. of 指责warn against. 告诫 提防 当心lure into引诱deceive into. 骗某人相信去做某事动词与-ING 分词及不定式的搭配Hope to do sth 或 that.Agree to do sth 或/ thatThreaten to do sth 威协要做某事Acknowledge doing / that 承认做某事Report doing / that 报告做某事Recall doing / that 回想起做某事Consider doing sth / Contemplate doing sth考虑做某事Practise doing sth 练习做某事Endeavour to do sth 尽力做某事Be impossible to do sth 对某人来说，做某事是不可能的Help doing sth 帮助做某事 / 忍不住做某事Risk doing sth 冒险做某事Escape doing sth 逃避做某事Leave off doing sth / stop doing sth / give up doing sth 停止做某事Detest doing sth 厌恶做某事Learn to do sth 学习做某事Be enough to do sth 足够做某事Feel like doing sth 想要做某事Suggest doing sth 建议做某事Try to do sth 努力/设法做某做Try doing sth 试着/试用做某事P372 21f 1-10 (make / let / have / know, would rather, have better + V原形)(avoid, postpone, mind, remember, deny, suggest, feel like, finish, enjoy, spend + doing)(insist of , persist in, succeed in doing)He is to study mathematics. (be to + 不定式 表将来)I happened to meet him.Do you dare to go home alone?He promised to calculate how much it might cost.I should like to have played with trains as a child.He is learning to play chess.The retired boxer means(打算) to buy a public house.The harbor master thinks that the boat will arrive early.He has decided to eat a ham sandwich.He seldom suggests sending news to his brother abroad.介词TO的固定搭配词组及用法： + n 名词 / v-ing 动名词Devote . to 致力于Look forward to 期盼Accustomto 使习惯于Swear to 强调地说Object to 反对Be used to / n 习惯于（be accustomed to doing sth / to do sth）Be reduced to 落到，使变小Limit to 限制动词不定式或ING分词Prefer doing . To doing sth Allow doing 允许做某事Omit doing / to do sth 忘记做某事 （omit 删除）Endure + n / v+ing 忍受Advise doing sth 建议做某事 = suggest doing sthPut off doing sth 推迟做某事Love doing / to do sth 喜爱做某事Promise to do sth 承诺做某事Help sb do sth 帮某人做某事Swear to do sth 发誓要做某事Demand to do sth 要求做某事虚拟式Be 型虚拟式：是以动词原形表示，即不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原形，如I go, he go 或者 I be, he be.如果动词为被动态，则助动词be 也一律用原形，如I be sent, he be sent.1) 用于表示命令 决定 建议等词语之后的THAT分句中a. 用在decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote 等动词之后的THAT分句中b. 用在advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper等形容词之后的THAT 分句中c. 用在decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution等名词之后的THAT分句中2) 用于由IF，THOUGH等引导句中BE-型虚拟式能用于由if, though, whatever, lest, so long as 等引导的分句中表示推测，让步，防备等含义3) 用于某些公式化语句中Were 型虚拟式：只有一种形式，即不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用WERE，如Iwere, he were .如果动词为进行体或被动态，则助动词也一律用were，如I were going, he were going, I were sent, he were sent.1) 用于某些状语分句中Were 型虚拟式常用于由if, if only, as if, as though, though引导的条件状语和让步状语分句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。2) 用于某些名词性分句中Were 型虚拟式常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine之后的that分句中，表示一种臆想的情况。假设意义表示法综述1） 用动词的过去时形式表示假设意义常见于以下结构：a. It is time (that).:b. I would rather / sooner (that) you / he / they.:c. If only.d. He behaves as if / as though.:在as if / as though 结构中的动词形式通常决定于说话人的语义意图。试比较：I feel as if I was / were going to faint.(我感觉好象要晕倒了)I feel as if I am going to faint. (我感觉（真的）就要晕倒了)这就是说，在某些语境中，如果不表示假设意义，就不必用过去时形式。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain (看来好象要下雨了)e. I wish (that)I wish(that) I didnt have to go to work today. (我今天要能不上班就好了)I wish I had brought a map with me. (我要是带了地图就好了)以上都表示与现在事实或过去事实相反的主观愿望。如果要表示对将来事态的主观愿望，通常用某些情态助动词的过去时形式，此种结构便接近于客气的请求或委婉的劝告。例如：I wish you wouldnt smoke in public places.I wish 与I hope 都表示“希望”，但 I hope (that) 并不表示假设意义，随后的动词形式除表示婉转口气外，很少用过去时形式。例如：I hope youre coming to our party.2） 用情态助动词过去式时形式表示假设意义 最常见于条件句和含蓄条件句以及某些特定的语境。a. 用于条件句:If I were you, I would not miss this opportunity.If he had brought a map with him, he wouldnt have got lost.b. 用于含蓄条件句：But for your help, I couldnt have achieved anything. (要不是你全力相助，我不可有所成就)。This same thing, happening in wartime (= if it should happen in wartime), would amount to disaster.(此类事情如果发生在战时就会造成灾难)。To look at him (= if you were to look at him), you would think him a young man(你如果看到他，还会以为他是年轻人)Left to itself (= If it had been left to itself), the country would long have achieved its unity. (如果没有外来干涉，该国早已完成统一事业)。c. 用于其它语境：That she should forget me so quickly was rather a shock. (她竟会这么快地忘记我真令人震惊)选择- ING 分词或-ED分词 ， 不定式 填空 P3801 Mrs Allison will charm everyone at the party. She is a charming woman.2 Has something troubled you? Did you receive some troubling news?3 Will your increased salary enable you to buy a new car? 4 The committee didnt approve the suggested changes.5 Did you try to encourage your son? Did you give him any encouraging advice?6 Was the attempted experiment a success?7 The fallen (fall) snow was frozen hard.8 More traffic will be able to pass on the widened road.9 I cant bear the smell of burnt (burn) toast.10 One should always be careful with loaded guns.P381.1 Do you wish your breakfast brought (bring) to your room, madam?2 We dont want anything said (say) about this.3 I dont want that sort of thing to keep happening.4 You must tell us exactly what you would like to do.5 Im not going to have you mixed up with this sort of business.6 He soon had them all laughing.7 Dont forget to have him come.8 I caught they boys stealing apples from my garden.9 Shes had the passport visaed for Spain.10 Just get them to finish up as soon as possible.从属结构-连词1. He said it didnt matter whether we stayed or went.2. Whatever he did, no one paid any attention to him.3. While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.4. Tall as he was, he could not reach the apples.5. If he is poor, he is at least honest.6. Even if the weather is bad tomorrow, John will want to go out.7. Though all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion.8. If I hadnt stopped her, she would have jumped into the river.9. Dont ask me to explain unless you really dont understand.10. It rained a lot, so that I didnt have to water the lawn.11. They are hurrying so that they may not miss the train.12. The speech is all the more important in that it was made by a man of authority. 因为13. As he was in a hurry, he left his bag in the waiting room.14. It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.15. You can do the job how you like.P579 关系词填空7. Is there anything that I can do for you?8. He asks for the latest book that there is on the subject.9. This monument is all that remains of the ancient city.10. The book that you are speaking of is unavailable.11. The speech, which he had written on little bits of paper, seemed endless.12. There was a certain old man in the village who none of us liked.13. All that glitters is not gold.14. He talked brilliantly of the men and the books that interested him.15. Ill give you all that I have.16. I know someone else whose father works here.17. Let ABC be a triangle whose sides are of unequal length.18. Can you suggest a time when it will be convenient to meet?19. I know a wood where you can find wild strawberries.20. Is there any reason that you should have a holiday?P582 介词+关系代词(which)填空 1. The picture, for which he paid $1000, was once owned by a duke. (paid for)2. I cant believe that that restaurant, at which I have eaten such wonderful meals, is going to close down. (at restaurant)3. I am grateful to him for that advice to which I owe all my success. (oweto.)4. His thesis, of which the last hundred pages are absolutely nonsense （废话）, will probably win him a lot of notoriety(使他臭名远昭). (be nonsense of)5. The Tower of London, about which a lecture is to be given tomorrow, was one of the worlds historic buildings. (about a lecture)6. The science of medicine, in which progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences. (in progress)条件句 （要求填写所给动词的适当形式，以便形成第三种类型条件句）基本形式：（if）一般过去时simple past / were + (Main) would, etc + inf不定式原形P59711. If there werent so many mosquitoes, it would be (be) perfect evening.12. If the water were (be) cleaner, we could go swimming there.13. If the letters in that sign were bigger, it could be read (read) more easily.14. If you went (go) on a diet, youd lose weight.15. If he would lift (lift) a finger to help me, I would be sure of success.用不定式结构或-ing分词结构改写句子P3621 The police hope (to solve) that they will solve the crime soon.2 The Minister of Labour readily agreed (to meet ) that he would meet the union leaders.3 He didnt even acknowledge (having received) that he had received the invitation.4 The witness reported (having seen) that he had seen a dark saloon car parked outside the bank at the time of the robbery.5 I didnt recall (him having said) that he had said any such thing.6 The defeated champion swore (to have) that he would have his revenge.用连词改句子1 I finished reading the newspaper. Then John came home. (before)Before John came home, I had finished reading the newspaper.2 We were eating dinner. Our guests arrived. (while)While we were 3 John was reading. Harry entered.(when)John was reading when Harry entered.4 I graduated from high school. I have been studying at the university. (since)5 I will read that book. First I must finish this one. (before)6 Johnny finished his home work. Then he went out to play. (after)用-ING 或 ED 分词分句改句子 P5575Mrs Jay has opened a savings account since she is planning to buy a car. - Planning to buy a car, Mrs Jay has opened a savings account.6. Any dutiable articles which are not declared to the Customs will be liable to confiscation.7. Since I had (Having) worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight oclock.8. The man was accompanied by a porter who weighs (weighting) at least 160 kilos.9. The castle, which had been burnt in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.10. After I had put (Putting) down my newspaper, I walked over to the window and looked out.P5591. I knew (Knowing) that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare.2. We (Having) barricaded (把。堵住) the windows. Then we assembled in the ball.3. She became (Becoming) tired of my complaints about the program. She turned off the wireless.4. He found (Finding) no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper.5. She hopped to (Hoping) find the will. She searched everywhere.6. The criminal (Having) remove all traces of his crime. He left the building.限制性和非限制性关系分句P5731. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.- Thank you very much for the present you sent me.2. She was dancing with a student (who) . He had a slight limp.3. There wasnt any directory in the telephone box (which / that). I was phoning from this box.4. I was sitting in a chair. It suddenly collapsed.- The chair in which I was sitting suddenly collapsed.5