高考英语必考点专题06词性转化（构词法）（精讲深剖）（含解析）.docx

专题06 词性转换（构词法）精讲深剖真题速递单句语法填空/单句改错1.（2019全国I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _ (believe) that populations are increasing. 【答案】belief【解析】考查词性转化。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief2.（2019全国II卷）We are so proud of her. Its (wonder).”【答案】wonderful【解析】考查词性转化。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，需要把名词wonder转化为形容词wonderful。故填wonderful。3.（2019全国III卷）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. 【答案】competition【解析】考查词性转化。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。4.（2019 浙江卷）School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. 【答案】traditional【解析】考查词性转化。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。5.（2018全国I卷）To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to 1 (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and its always2 (energy)【答案】第一空strengthen ；第二空energetic 【解析】考查词性转化。第一空，分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故本空应填动词strengthen，意为“增强，加强”。第二空，and连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic作表语，意为“需要能量的，剧烈的”。6.（2018全国II卷）This switch has decreased (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 【答案】pollution【解析】考查词性转化。pollution 考查名词。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。7（2018全国II卷）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption. 【答案】global【解析】考查词性转化。global 考查形容词。此处应填globe的形容词形式global作定语。8.（2019 浙江卷）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up. 【答案】affordable【解析】考查词性转化。affordable 考查形容词。根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次可能是可以负担得起的，故填形容词affordable。9. （2019 浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.【答案】affordable【解析】考查词性转化。weight 考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“体重问题”，故空处需要填名词weight。10.（2017全国I卷）However, be (care)not to go to extremes. 【答案】careful【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。知识链接常见的以ful结尾的形容词： awful糟糕的，极坏的beautiful美丽的wonderful美妙的，精彩的 helpful有帮助的useful有用的 meaningful有意义的thankful感谢的 grateful感激的careful仔细的 colorful五彩缤纷的regretful遗憾的 hopeful有希望的11.（2017全国II卷）This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. 【答案】introduction【解析】考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格前是the，其后接名词。introduce的名词形式是introduction。知识链接 名词后缀ion：graduation毕业 discussion讨论 translation翻译correction改正 connection连接 separation分离expression表达 association联系 exhibition展览election选举 possession占有 completion完成decision决定 permission允许 admission允许进入12. （2017全国II卷）The Central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 【答案】successful【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数”表示“最的之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。知识链接 形容词后缀ful：successful成功的 careful细心的 hopeful充满希望的helpful有帮助的 useful有用的 cheerful高兴的grateful感激的 thankful感激的 powerful强有力的13.（2017全国III卷）She is determined to carry on with her (educate)【答案】education【解析】考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。拓展v.tionn.attractattraction n吸引collectcollection n收集corporatecorporation n合作connectconnection n联合constructconstruction n建设electelection n选举exhibitexhibition n展览inventinvention n发明operateoperation n操作pollutepollution n污染produceproduction n生产protectprotection n保护14.（2017全国III卷）I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums. 【答案】difference改为different 【解析】考查词性转化之名词变动词。形容词修饰名词kinds。考纲解读英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词；转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性；派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。将构词法置于此处讲解，一是对前面基础词法的汇总，二是为政克后面的重难动词做铺垫。知识梳理一. 动词、形容词转换为名词1.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/-sion/ationcorrect correction改正celebrate-celebration庆祝;庆祝会attract attraction吸引conclude conclusion结论;结束discuss discussion讨论;辩论decidedecision决定admitadmission接纳;准许入学inviteinvitation邀请explain explanation解释graduategraduation毕业expectexpectation期望-er/-ordrivedriver司机;驾驶员gathergatherer收集者;采集者teachteacher老师announceannouncer广播员conductconductor指挥;售票员-mentpunishpunishment惩罚achieve-achievement功绩;成就argue argument辩论;论据treattreatment对待;治疗equip equipment装备;设备govern government政府-ance/-enceappearappearance出现;外貌guideguidance指引;指导performperformance表演;节目existexistence存在;生存preferpreference偏爱referreference参考;查阅-ure/-ture failfailure失败;倒闭presspressure压力departdeparture离开;出发mix mixture混合;混合物-inghearhearing听力;听觉begin beginning开始-yrecoverrecovery恢复;痊愈discover -discovery发现其他choosechoice选择vary variety多样化;种类tendtendency趋向;趋势 【考题印证】单句语法填空/单句改错1.（2018全国II卷 ）This switch has decreased (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 【答案】pollution 【解析】考查词性转化之动词变名词。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。2.（2018 浙江卷 ）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.【答案】weight【解析】考查词性转化之动词变名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“体重问题”，故空处需要填名词weight。3.（2017全国III卷 ）She is determined to carry on with her (educate)【答案】education【解析】考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。4.（2016全国I卷 ）Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _(achieve)【答案】achievement【解析】考查词性转换之动词变为名词。介词of后要用名词形式，achieve的名词是achievement。5.（2016全国III卷 ）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the _ _(develop) of chopsticks. 【答案】development【解析】考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格处位于定冠词the后，由of chopsticks修饰，故空格处须填名词。develop的名词形式是development。6.（2016全国I卷 ）My uncle tells me that the key to success is honest. 【答案】honest改为honesty【解析】考查词性转换之形容词变为名词。根据句意“我叔叔告诉我成功的关键是诚实”可知，此处该用名词。故把honest改为honesty。2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshortshortage不足;短缺-cyefficientefficiency效率;功效fluentfluency流利;流畅accurate accuracy准确性privateprivacy隐私;私密-domfree freedom自由;自主wisewisdom明智;智慧-encedifferentdifference差异silentsilence沉默nessweakweakness虚弱;弱点kindkindness仁慈;好意carelesscarelessness粗心大意thstrongstrength力气;强项warm warmth温暖;热情-y/-ty/-itysafesafety安全disabledisability无能;伤残responsible responsibility责任honesthonesty诚实difficultdifficulty困难【考题印证】（2015全国2卷）In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition”a house without _ using electric equipment.【答案】ability【解析】考查词性转换之形容词变为名词。空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应该接名词。 三名司、动词转为形容词后缀例词-ableacceptable可接受的comfort comfortable舒适的fashionfashionable时髦的suitsuitable合适的reasonreasonable有道理的-almusicmusical音乐的originoriginal最初的centrecentral中央的,中心的personpersonal个人的私人的naturenatural自然的;天生的-fuldoubt doubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful健忘的harmharmful有害的hopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的-edscare scared感到恐惧的confuseconfused感到困惑的underlineunderlined下划线的-ingsurprise surprising令人惊异的convince convincing令人信服的satisfysatisfying令人满意的-ibleaccessaccessible易取得的horror -horrible可怕的;恐怖的terrorterrible可怕的-iveact active积极的;活跃的effecteffective有效的;生效的attractattractive有吸引力的impress-impressive给人深刻印象的-ouscontinuecontinuous不断的;持续的anxiety anxious忧虑的caution cautious小心的；谨慎的curiosity curious好奇的humorhumorous幽默的-sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的-ytastetasty美味的;可口的health healthy健康的wealthwealthy富裕的;丰富的-erneasteastern东方的;向东的-ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish愚的;可笑的selfselfish自私的特别注意-ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到的”，通常修饰人;ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人的”，通常修怖物或事。【考题印证】单句语法填空1.（2018全国I卷）Running is cheap,easy and its always (energy).【答案】energetic【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。此处是表语位置，该用形容词。故填energetic。2.(2018全国II卷)Accord to the World Bank, China accounts 30percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.【答案】global【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。根据句意“据世界银行的统计，中国占据了全球百分之三十的化肥消费”可知此处应填globe的形容词形式global作定语。3.(2018.6月浙江高考) The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up.【答案】affordable【解析】考查词性转换之动词转化为形容词。根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次可能是可以负担得起的，故填形容词affordable。4.(2014.全国II卷) There were many people waiting at the bus stop and some of them looked anxious and (disappoint).【答案】disappointed【解析】考查词性转换之动词转化为形容词。此处and连接两个并列的形容词，又根据句意“公交站有很多等待的人，他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又感到失望”故填disappoint的形容词形式disappointed。形容词转换为副词【谨记规则】类别例词直接加-lyclearclearly清楚地great greatly很，大大地以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加 lyhappyhappily高兴地heavyheavily沉重地词尾为ble/le的形容词去掉e，再加-yterribleterribly可怕地，极度地gentlegently轻轻地词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e。再加-lytruetruly真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加-y fullfully充分地;完全地dulldully迟钝地词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally basic basically主要地，基本上scientificscientifically合乎科学地【考题印证】单句语法填空1.(2018全国I卷) A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.【答案】actually【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。这里需填副词来修饰谓语动词is。2. (201811月渐江高考) (recent ), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.【答案】recently【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。此处应该用recent的副词形式来做全句的时间状语，故填recently。3.(2016全国I卷) The title will be (official)given to me at a ceremony in London.【答案】officially【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。此处应该 用副词来修饰动词given，故填officially。4.(2016全国I卷) Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular）【答案】regularly【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。空格处修饰动词短语take short breaks，故用副词。regular的副词形式是regularly。5.(2015广东高考) (lucky )，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.【答案】luckily【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。此处用副词做状语修饰全句。句意：幸运的是他还有一头可以每天产奶的奶牛。单句改错1.(2018全国I卷)I felt happily that their life had improved. 【答案】happily改为happy【解析】考查词性转换之副词转化为形容词。本句中felt为系动词，其后解形容词做表语，故把happily改为happy。2.(2017全国I卷) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road. 【答案】 suddenly 改为 sudden 【解析】考查词性转换之副词转化为形容词。本句中 stop是名词，名词前用形容词修饰，所以把suddenly改为sudden。3.(2016全国1) Instead,he hopes that his business will grow steady. 【答案】steady改为steadily【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。本句中steady修饰动词grow，应该用副词形式，故把steady改为steadily。4.(2016全国) At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. 【答案】freely改为free【解析】考查词性转换之副词转化为形容词。本句中free应该做表语，需用形容词形式。故把freely改为free。5.(2015全国) Dad and I were terrible worried. 【答案】terrible改为terribly【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。本句中应该用副词形式形容词worried。故把terrible改为terribly。考点精讲语法填空解题“2策略”1.利用句子成分确定词性(1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语要考虑名词形式。(2)如果要填的词作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语，要想到用形容词;如果作状语，要想到用副词【思路点拨】1. This gives the paintings deeper (mean) and more elegance.【答案】meaning【解析】考查词性转换之动词转化为名词。空格处做的是宾语，并且与后面的名词elegance并列，故填名词形式meaning。2. Grassland is destroyed without mercy so that dust storms come into being affecting (distance) cities.【答案】distant【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。空格处做的是定语，需要用形容词，故填distant。句意：绿地遭到了无情的破坏，结果沙尘暴出现了并且影响到了遥远的城市。3. The old people there were talkative and they told us their (person) stories cheerfully.【答案】distant【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。空格处做的是定语，需要用形容词，故填personal。句意：那些老人都很健谈，他们高兴地给我们讲起了他们的故事。4.After some time, when both of you have renewed your （confident)in each other, go back to the time when you nearly fell apart.【答案】confidence【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。空格处做的是宾语，需要用名词，故填confidence。5. 5.Therefore, lets take the (responsible) to build up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles. Come on and join us!【答案】responsibility【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。空格处做的是宾语，需要用名词，故填responsibility。2.根据修饰词或被修饰词确定词性(1)如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词修饰，此时要考虑用名词形式。(2)如果要填的词修饰名词，要想到用形容词如果修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词。【思路点拨】6. However, behind his physical (appear),Carry is a warm, fun loving, intelligent person.【答案】appearance【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。空格处被形容词his 和physical修饰，需要用名词，故填appearance。7. Your ideas are very interesting, but we need (practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble.【答案】practical【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。空格处应该修饰名词suggestions,需用形容词，故填practical。8. During that time a number of (product) poets turned out as many as 50,000 classical poems.【答案】productive【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。空格处修饰后面的名词poets，需用形容词，根据句意“在那段时期，很多多产的诗人写出了多达50,000首经典诗歌。”可知应该填productive“多产的”。9. It was always a (pleasant) to visit these two sisters.【答案】productive【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。空格处被其前面的冠词a修饰，需用名词形式，故填pleasure。10. They all come from the plant Camellia sinensis(茶树)，and are (simple) processed in different ways.【答案】simply【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。空格处修饰其后面的分词processed，需用副词形式，故填simply。句意:它们都是被以不同方式简单加工的来自茶树的东西。短文改错解题“2视角1.看被修饰词或平行成分(1)如果修饰名词，要用形容词;(2)如果修饰动词、形容词、副词和分词应用副词;(3)修饰人，表示主语所处的状态,意为“感到的”,用ed形容词;修饰物或事，表示主语所具有的特征、意为”令人的”，用ing形容词；(4)注意其平行成分的词性。【思路点拨】1. I worked as a reporter for our school newspaper last year which I think will certain help me do the job better. 【答案】certain改为certainly【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。本句中certain修饰谓语动词will help需用副词形式，故把certain改为certainly。句意：去年我做过我们校报的记者，我认为这一定会帮助我把这份工作做得更好。2.It was when I brought them in at the dusk that I found something terribly happened. 【答案】terribly改为terrible【解析】考查词性转换之副词转化为形容词。本句中terribly修饰不定代词something，需用形容词形式，故把terribly改为terrible。3. “Today is my fathers birthday? ”Zhangwei was a little puzzling. 【答案】puzzling改为puzzled【解析】考查形容词。本句中puzzling修饰人，表示主语Zhangwei的心里状态，意思为“感到困惑的”，故把puzzling改为puzzled。4. At this moment, I found the city was so interested. 【答案】interested改为interesting【解析】考查形容词。本句中interested修饰物，表示主语the city所具有的特征，意为”令人感到有意思的”，需用用ing形容词。故把interested改为interesting。5. Everyone praised Ah Bao for his brave and kindness. 【答案】brave改为bravery【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。本句中his需修饰名词，而且and连接两个并列的形式，故把brave改为bravery。2.看句子成分作表语、定语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词。作状要想到应用副词。【思路点拨】6. I restarted to pick up my confident again. 【答案】confident改为confidence【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。本句中my修饰名词，故把confident改为confidence。7.The next morning when he was out,the hotel worker hammered a nail exact where the fly had been. 【答案】exact改为exactly【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。本句中exact修饰动词hammered，需用副词形式，故把exact改为exactly。句意：第二天，在他外出时，宾馆工作人员 就在苍蝇待过的地方定了根钉子。8. I was lost in happy because I did a little for a stranger but I gained a lot. 【答案】happy改为happiness【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。本句中介词in需要修饰名词，故把happy改为happiness。句意 ：我非常高兴，因为我只为一个陌生人做了一点点小事却收获很大。9.To my joyful,he replied that he gave it to a homeless man. 【答案】joyful改为joy【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。本句中形容词性物主动词my需修饰名词，故把joyful改为joy。10. To conclude, I am readily to take on the job. 【答案】readily改为ready【解析】考查词性转换之副词转化为形容词。本句中readily应该做表语，需用形容词形式。故把readily改为ready。模拟训练单句语法填空1. (山东省安丘市、诸城市、五莲县、兰山区2019届高三4月模拟训练)Despite failing in mathematics, Qian successfully entered the Department of Foreign Languages under Tsinghua University in 1929 because of his (excellence) performance in Chinese and English languages.【答案】excellent【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。 此处performance“表现”是名词，形容词修饰名词，故答案为excellent。2.（东北三省三校（哈尔滨师大附中、东北师大附中、 辽宁省实验中学）2019届高三第一次模拟）Trumps “birther” theory that Michelles husband was not born in the US and therefore was not a legal President put her familys _ (safe) at risk.【答案】safety【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。根据句意“因为在总统竞选期间，特朗普认为米歇尔的丈夫不是在美国出生的，因此不是一个合法的总统，这个出生地理论将她的家庭安全置于危险之中”可知作put的宾语要用名词，故填safety。3.（【全国百强校】东北三省三校（辽宁省实验、东北师大附中、哈师大附中）2019届高三第二模拟考试）Throughout the buffet dinner, we enjoyed several fantastic _ (perform).【答案】performances【解析】考查词性转换之动词转化为名词。句意：在自助餐的过程中，我们欣赏了几场精彩的表演。该空作句子宾语，用名词，且被several修饰，用名词复数，所以填performances。4.（吉林省名校2019届高三下学期第一次联合模拟考试）When whisky is first made, it is _ (actual) clear, not brown in colour. 【答案】actually【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。句意：当威士忌酒初次酿造时，它的颜色实际上是清澈的，而不是棕色的。此处用副词作状语修饰谓语动词，故填actually。5.（东北三省四市2019届高三第一次模拟）Chinese high-speed railways are a very_ (comfort) way to travel. 【答案】comfortable【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。句意：中国高铁是一种很舒服的旅行方式。修饰名词way用形容词，故用comfortable。6.（河南省开封市2019届高三上学期第一次模拟考试）Because of the_（complex） of this scattering process， the light field emitted by a random laser is also spatially complex and not focused like a regular laser beam【答案】complexity【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。because of后面接名词或名词短语，故填complexity。7.（吉林省辽源市普通高中2019届高三第二次模拟考试）It was he who first set up private schools and received students from every walk of life without _ (consider) of their social status.【答案】consideration【解析】考查词性转换之动词转化为名词。此处指孔子接收来自各行各业的学生，而不考虑他们的社会地位。介词without后加名词作宾语，故填consideration.8.（辽宁省葫芦岛市2019届高三下学期第一次模拟考试）The entire process of changing forms in this manner is called the rapid printing technology which is _ (fair) common in the car industry to produce complex 3D structures quickly. 【答案】fairly【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。common为形容词，需要副词修饰，故填fairly。9.（山东省淄博市高三第一次模拟考试）The palace complex，home to Chinese emperors