2017高考英语二轮专项复习-阅读理解之主旨大意题.doc

2017高考英语二轮专项复习阅读理解之主旨大意题课题：高考第二轮专项复习阅读理解之主旨大意题尊敬的各位老师：你们好！今天我说课的内容是阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧。下面我将根据我写的教案，把我对本节课的教学目标、教学重难点、教学方法、教学用具、教学过程及板书设计等方面的认识做一个说明。一教学目标1. 通过引导及练习让学生掌握解题技巧并能灵活运用；2.提高学生的分析和解决问题的能力；3. 通过阅读，提高学生的阅读理解能力，并引导学生从文章中受到启发或激励二教学重点和难点通过引导及练习让学生掌握解题技巧并能灵活运用三教学方法任务型教学法四教学用具多媒体、黑板和粉笔。五教学过程：Step1. lead-inA mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush. She watched the cat, and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely, Woof, woof, woof! The cat was so frightened that it ran for its life. Mother mouse turned to her babies and said, Now, do you understand the value of a second language?”What is the story mainly about?It is important to learn a foreign language.分析近5年的高考题阅读理解特点如下体裁：一篇广告（A篇），一篇说明文（C篇），两篇记叙文（B、D篇）。方式：以细节理解题为主，辅以推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测题型（见下表）考查项目（第一节）时 间2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年细节题事实细节79877推理判断43465主旨大意21111词/句猜测12212文章出处10000Step 2 Question forms about the main idea of a paragraph or a passage?（选择主旨大意题常见的提问方式）Choose the question forms about the main idea: 124(主题类)、6 78（标题类）1. The main idea/topic of the passage is _.2. What is the passage mainly about?3. What can we infer from the passage?4. What is the last paragraph mainly concerned (关于) about?5. What does the underlined word stand for?6. The best title/headline for this passage might be_.7. The passage could be entitled_.8. What is the best title for the passage?Step 3 How to get the main ideaHelp the students to finish the first six passages and to summarize the skills of getting the main idea through ask-and-answer method.1. Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.The main idea of the paragraph is _.总结：该段为_总分_结构，主题句往往在_段首_, 有时在_段尾_会重申主题，构成_总分总_结构。2. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that cant be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always say you are happy.What is the passage mainly about?总结：该段为_分总_结构，主题句在_段尾_，往往出现在总结性的词so, therefore, as a result等之_后_。3. Some people like reading, and some people like swimming. I have many hobbies, such as reading, skating, and traveling. In fact, different people have different hobbies. My friend Ann studies very hard. So her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves working with her hands, and his hobby is gardening.What does this paragraph mainly talk about?总结：该段为_分总分_结构，主题句往往在_中间_, 如果段落中出现however, but, in fact, actually等时，所在的句子往往就是_主题句_。4. Smoking in indoor public places including public working places, public transport vehicles and some other special outdoor working places has been banned (禁止) in China since January 2011.Should smoking be banned in public places? Of course, it should be. First, banning smoking will not only help in saving smokers from health problems and diseases, but willalso be good for passive smokers. Next, banning smoking will put stress on smokers to give up. Since a smoker is prevented from smoking. At last, smoking cigarettes adds to the pollution of the air, so if it is banned, it will help in saving the environment from further deterioration(恶化).What is the main idea of the passage?A. Smoking is bad for health. B. Smoking will increase pollution.C. Smoking should be banned. D. Smoking can cause fire.如何归纳主旨大意?第一招：可通过寻找_主题句_的方式归纳主旨大意,主题句可能在文章或段落_开头_,中间或_结尾_,所以我们可以扫读文章的首段和尾段或段落的首句和_尾句_,弄清文章或段落的_结构_搜索主题信息。5. Everyone can experience anger sometimes. But not everyone can control it properly. To some people, controlling anger seems like the hardest thing in the world to do.Control these by talking to yourself in your own mind, when you experience unwanted feelings. By talking it over in your own head you can work out how you will best deal with the situation.Anger control can also be achieved by communicating with others with honesty. You can effectively train yourself to respond to situations without getting annoyed about things. It is important to remember it is possible for everyone to get angry and therefore, controlling it is the real challenge.What is the best title of the passage?A. Not everyone can control anger. B. How to control anger.C. Communicating with others is helpful. D. Controlling anger is challenging.第二招：当找不到全文的_主题句_时,抓住每段的_主题句_,和全文_高频_词，概括出全文中心思想。6. Mothers Day was coming, a man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired(电邮给) to his mother who lived two hundred miles away. As he got out of his car, he noticed a young girl sobbing (啜泣) . He asked her what was wrong with her and she replied, “I wanted to buy a red rose for my mother. But I only have seventy-five cents, and a rose costs two dollars.” The man smiled and said, “Come on in with me. Ill buy you a rose.” After they went in, he bought a rose for the little girl and ordered flowers for his own mother. As theywere leaving, he offered to ride the girl home. She said, “Yes, please! But can you take me to my mother?” “To your mother?” the man was a little puzzled but didnt say anything. She directed him to a cemetery(公墓), where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave (新坟). The man was shocked and returned to the flower shop, canceled(取消) the wire order, picked up a bunch of flowers and drove the two hundred miles to his mothers house.What is the passage mainly about?1. Moved by the girl, the man sent his mother the flowers himself on Mothers Day.2. A man helped a girl to buy a flower for her mother.3. We should often help others. We should love our mothers.第三招：当找不到全文的_主题句_, 而且段落的也没有_主题句_时, 就要概括出_段落_主题，从而推导出文章的_主旨_。Step4 Practice and competitionLet the students finish the rest six passages by themselves or in groups in a limited time and have a competition between groups.（文章见学案）Summary 如何归纳主旨大意?第一招：可通过寻找_主题句_的方式归纳主旨大意,主题句可能在文章或段落_开头_,中间或_结尾_,所以我们可以扫读文章的首段和尾段或段落的首句和_尾句_,弄清文章或段落的_结构_搜索主题信息。第二招：当找不到全文的_主题句_时,抓住每段的_主题句_,和全文_高频_词，概括出全文中心思想。第三招：当找不到全文的_主题句_, 而且段落的也没有_主题句_时, 就要概括出_段落_主题，从而推导出文章的_主旨_。Step 5 HomeworkFinish reading the rest passages.六板书设计将黑板分为左右两块， 左面罗列出本节课所讲结构及重点，以序号标明，右面我会写一些重点的单词、短语。说课人：罗洁城南中学高中英语组2016-2017学年度下学期高三英语公开课教学设计城南中学高中英语组 罗洁课题：高考第二轮专项复习阅读理解之主旨大意题I Teaching Aims：Knowledge and skills 1.To learn about the question forms about the main idea.2.To learn some ways to get the main idea.3.To use the skills to practice in groups.Emotion, attitude and values 1. Build up confidence in getting the main idea while reading.2.Increase the awareness of getting the main idea.II Teaching Important and Difficult Points：Sum up the ways and the techniques to get the main idea.III Teaching Methods：Communicative approach, Inquiry-based learning, Individual and group workIV Teaching Procedures: Step1. lead-in设计意图: 通过一篇较有趣味的文章导入本节课。激起学生的兴趣，引入本节课主题，还能引起学生的一些思索。A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush. She watched the cat, and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely, Woof, woof, woof! The cat was so frightened that it ran for its life. Mother mouse turned to her babies and said, Now, do you understand the value of a second language?”What is the story mainly about?It is important to learn a foreign language.你们知道最近几年高考中，阅读理解部分与主旨相关的题目有多少分吗？设计意图: 分析近5年的高考题阅读理解的特点。体裁：一篇广告（A篇），一篇说明文（C篇），两篇记叙文（B、D篇）。方式：以细节理解题为主，辅以推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测题型（见下表）考查项目（第一节）时 间2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年细节题事实细节79877推理判断43465主旨大意21111词/句猜测12212文章出处10000Step 2 Question forms about the main idea of a paragraph or a passage?设计意图: 让学生了解这类题型的提问方式，记住问题里常出现的词汇。Choose the question forms about the main idea: 124(主题类)、6 78（标题类）1. The main idea/topic of the passage is _.2. What is the passage mainly about?3. What can we infer from the passage?4. What is the last paragraph mainly concerned (关于) about?5. What does the underlined word stand for?6. The best title/headline for this passage might be_.7. The passage could be entitled_.8. What is the best title for the passage?Step 3 How to get the main idea设计意图: 帮助引导学生完成六篇不同类型的文章，并归纳针对不同结构的文章的解题技巧。1. Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.The main idea of the paragraph is _.总结：该段为_总分_结构，主题句往往在_段首_, 有时在_段尾_会重申主题，构成_总分总_结构。2. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that cant be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always say you are happy.What is the passage mainly about?总结：该段为_分总_结构，主题句在_段尾_，往往出现在总结性的词so, therefore, as a result等之_后_。3. Some people like reading, and some people like swimming. I have many hobbies, such as reading, skating, and traveling. In fact, different people have different hobbies. My friend Ann studies very hard. So her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves working with her hands, and his hobby is gardening.What does this paragraph mainly talk about?总结：该段为_分总分_结构，主题句往往在_中间_, 如果段落中出现however, but, in fact, actually等时，所在的句子往往就是_主题句_。4. Smoking in indoor public places including public working places, public transport vehicles and some other special outdoor working places has been banned (禁止) in China since January 2011.Should smoking be banned in public places? Of course, it should be. First, banning smoking will not only help in saving smokers from health problems and diseases, but willalso be good for passive smokers. Next, banning smoking will put stress on smokers to give up. Since a smoker is prevented from smoking. At last, smoking cigarettes adds to the pollution of the air, so if it is banned, it will help in saving the environment from further deterioration(恶化).What is the main idea of the passage?A. Smoking is bad for health. B. Smoking will increase pollution.C. Smoking should be banned. D. Smoking can cause fire.如何归纳主旨大意?第一招：可通过寻找_主题句_的方式归纳主旨大意,主题句可能在文章或段落_开头_,中间或_结尾_,所以我们可以扫读文章的首段和尾段或段落的首句和_尾句_,弄清文章或段落的_结构_搜索主题信息。5. Everyone can experience anger sometimes. But not everyone can control it properly. To some people, controlling anger seems like the hardest thing in the world to do.Control these by talking to yourself in your own mind, when you experience unwanted feelings. By talking it over in your own head you can work out how you will best deal with the situation.Anger control can also be achieved by communicating with others with honesty. You can effectively train yourself to respond to situations without getting annoyed about things. It is important to remember it is possible for everyone to get angry and therefore, controlling it is the real challenge.What is the best title of the passage?A. Not everyone can control anger. B. How to control anger.C. Communicating with others is helpful. D. Controlling anger is challenging.第二招：当找不到全文的_主题句_时,抓住每段的_主题句_,和全文_高频_词，概括出全文中心思想。6. Mothers Day was coming, a man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired(电邮给) to his mother who lived two hundred miles away. As he got out of his car, he noticed a young girl sobbing (啜泣) . He asked her what was wrong with her and she replied, “I wanted to buy a red rose for my mother. But I only have seventy-five cents, and a rose costs two dollars.” The man smiled and said, “Come on in with me. Ill buy you a rose.” After they went in, he bought a rose for the little girl and ordered flowers for his own mother. As theywere leaving, he offered to ride the girl home. She said, “Yes, please! But can you take me to my mother?” “To your mother?” the man was a little puzzled but didnt say anything. She directed him to a cemetery(公墓), where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave (新坟). The man was shocked and returned to the flower shop, canceled(取消) the wire order, picked up a bunch of flowers and drove the two hundred miles to his mothers house.What is the passage mainly about?1. Moved by the girl, the man sent his mother the flowers himself on Mothers Day.2. A man helped a girl to buy a flower for her mother.3. We should often help others. We should love our mothers.第三招：当找不到全文的_主题句_, 而且段落的也没有_主题句_时, 就要概括出_段落_主题，从而推导出文章的_主旨_。Step4 Practice and competition设计意图: 检测本堂课的学习效果，通过小组竞赛的形式，增加趣味性，得到及时的反馈。Let the students finish the rest six passages by themselves or in groups in a limited time and have a competition between groups.1. The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.What is the main idea?A. The panda is a popular animal.B. Cold is serious for children.C. Cold has obvious symptoms.D. Cold should be cured at once.2. People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains. Others could live on what were called fast food: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.What is the main idea?_A. Some people like steak or other red meat.B. Some people like fast food.C. People have different tastes in food.D. People should eat healthy food.3. Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease (illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.What is the main idea?A. Cigarette smoking can cause cancer.B. Smoking can cause the most serious and terrible disease.C. Smoking also can cause other health problemsD. Smoking is harmful.4. Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearanceWhat does the writher want to tell us?A. The innocent looks more guilty. B. The professional criminal looks innocent.C. A man knows everything likes to hide his weakness.D. We shouldnt judge a person only by his appearance.5. WeChat(微信) is a mobile text and voice messaging communication service developed by Tencent in China, first released in January 2011. With WeChat, we can communicate with friends by sending text messages, voice messages, we can share our photos or videos, share our location, we can even chat with lots of friends at the same time. More important, it is free for the users.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. The tools of chatting. B. We can use Wechat to chat with lots of friends.C. The functions of Wechat. D. We should often communicate with friends.6. Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can satisfy all students at the same time.What is the main idea ?A. Some students prefer a strict teacher.B. No one teaching method can satisfy all students at the same time.C. Some students prefer to do work on their own. D. Students should respect teachers.Summary设计意图: 巩固回忆本节课学习到的技巧，加深印象。 如何归纳主旨大意?第一招：可通过寻找_主题句_的方式归纳主旨大意,主题句可能在文章或段落_开头_,中间或_结尾_,所以我们可以扫读文章的首段和尾段或段落的首句和_尾句_,弄清文章或段落的_结构_搜索主题信息。第二招：当找不到全文的_主题句_时,抓住每段的_主题句_,和全文_高频_词，概括出全文中心思想。第三招：当找不到全文的_主题句_, 而且段落的也没有_主题句_时, 就要概括出_段落_主题，从而推导出文章的_主旨_。Step 5 Homework设计意图: 督促学生及时复习，并且自我评估反思，自己归纳总结,并记下一些生词短语。1. Review the skills learned in this class.2. Reread these passages and copy some useful expressions in your notebooks.2016-2017学年度下学期高三英语公开课课前教案城南中学高中英语组 罗洁课题：高考第二轮专项复习阅读理解之主旨大意题I 教学目标Knowledge and skills知识与技能1.To learn about the question forms about the main idea.2.To learn some ways to get the main idea.3.To use the skills to practice in groups.Emotion, attitude and values 情感态度价值观1. Build up confidence in getting the main idea while reading.2.Increase the awareness of getting the main idea.II教学重点与难点Sum up the ways and the techniques to get the main idea.III教学方法Communicative approach, Inquiry-based learning, Individual and group workIV教学过程设计Teaching Procedures: Step1. Greeting and lead-inA mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush. She watched the cat, and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely, Woof, woof, woof! The cat was so frightened that