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XYY01-096@机械式钢筋钢管多功能加工机总体设计,机械毕业设计全套

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论文题目 机械式钢筋钢管多功能加工机总体设计 学 院 工程技术 学院 专 业 机械设计制造及其自动化 年 级 2003 级 姓 名 杨伟志 指导教师 左月明 职 称 教授 2007 年 6 月 毕 业 论 文 nts山 西 农 业 大 学 本科生毕业论文（设计）选题审批表 毕业论文（设计）题目 机械式钢筋钢管多功能加工机总体设计 指 导 教 师 左月明 职 称 教授 学生具备条件 应修完本专业教学计划规划所有课程 选题完成形式 毕业设计说明书，两张 A0 幅量图纸 内 容 简 要： 近年来，随着果蔬品种的增多和产量的扩大以及广大群众生活水平的普遍提高，人们在消费果蔬时又有新趋势，即喜欢饮用纯果蔬汁。目前市上虽然出售桃汁、苹果汁、草莓汁之类的果蔬汁，但一来价格高，二来不新鲜，三来有些厂家添加其他成分，不太纯，没有 现榨现饮方便、刺激。同时随着消费形式的不断改变和市场经济的需求，一些家庭及个体经营者急盼多功能的小型果蔬 加工机 ，并有以下要求：一是功能要齐全、形式上家庭为手工或半自动，个体经营者为全自动，自动出渣，自动过滤，清洗及操作方便；二是质量要可靠，服务要到位，产量上要有不同机型，可供多种选择，结构上要严谨、制造材料要防锈、防腐、一些重要易损配件要易配些，同时服务要方便，零配件供应要及时；三是价格要适宜、销售点要拓宽到市县区域，不能只限制在省城及一些重要城市，生产经销厂家要多做宣传和现场展示活动。 本设计设计了小型家 庭专用 加工机 ，其中包括了对 加工机 电动机的选择、 加工机 榨汁部件的设计、 加工机 壳体的设计以及 加工机 的设计说明书及使用说明。 在设计说明书中我们详细叙述了 加工机 的工作原理以及各部件的设计说明，该 加工机 的壳体主要 由 端盖、离心外壳、电机外壳、底座等 组成 。榨汁部件 则 主要包含了回转篮。 我们相信这款集小型化、智能化、自动化、简单化及安全为一体的 加工机 ， 必将很受欢迎地走进广大消费者的家庭。 系主任签字： 年 月 日 院长签字： 年 月 日 nts 山西农业大学 本科生毕业论文 (设计 ) 开题报告 题 目 机械式钢筋钢管多功能加工机总体设计 学院名称 工程技术学院 专业名称 机械设计制造及自动化 年 级 机制 032 学生姓名 杨伟志 学 号 0306124205 指导教师 左月明 职 称 教授 2007 年 6 月 20 日 nts 选题的依据及意义 （包括课题的理论价值和实践价值；国内外的研究概况等） ： 食品加工工业是二十一世纪的主要工业之一，它的发展速度和水平是一个国家人们生活水平及改善程度的一个重要标志 ，它 直 接 关 系到 制 造 业 和 加 工 业 产 品 科 技 含 量 的 多 少 以 及 食 品 深 加 工 附 加 值 的 高低 。 食 品 加 工 业 对 人 类 发 展 和 社 会 进 步 出 了 其 他 工 业 不 可 替 代 的贡献。 中国人历来重视养生之道， 随着人们饮食消费观念水平的提高，鲜榨果汁将取代碳酸饮料成为人们的主要饮品。 果汁含有多种有机酸、芳香物质和酶类，可刺激食欲，有助于消化，因此，常常作为早餐前的开胃食品。果汁中特别富含钾、铁、硒、铬等无机盐和微量元素、维生素 c、胡萝卜素以及多种抗氧化活性物质。此外，喝果汁还有利于膳食中铁的吸收。 现代爱美人士更注重生活品质，煎炒烹炸虽然美味，但容易让一些蔬菜水果失去其营养成分，因而 加工机 风靡白领人群。 在炎炎的夏季自己可以随时榨果汁饮用，花钱不多，既经济又方便，的确是大众家庭不错的选择 。 nts 本课题研究内容 本次设计的 主要内容 是 机械式钢筋钢管多功能加工机 的 机械本分的 设计，主要负责 加工机 的 电动机的选择，榨汁部件的 设计 及 加工机 壳体的设计 。 该设计本着简单、方便、实用、安全为原则，在材料上我们 采用了 PC和 ABS，电机则选择了单相串激式电动机去除 了现在市场上那些电动 机的不足充分体现了自动化、高效化、小型化、简单化、环保化等特点：简单实用的电路不仅可以让老人和孩子轻松操作而且维护修理特别简单。我 相信这款 加工机 在未来的 市场上一定很畅销倍受消费者的青睐 。 本课题研究方案 我们经过市场调查，研究各种类型的 加工机 ，查看了各种相关资料，了解了当前我国 加工机 的现状以及当前各种 加工机 的优点和它们的不足之处。综合以上，我们设定了研究方案，设计 机械式钢筋钢管多功能加工机 ，要求结构简单紧凑，便于拆装清洗维修，有保护措施，满足广大消费者的需求。 研究的创新之处 本 加工机 采用了高科技非金属材料，无味，无毒，性能良好，既安全又节省成本，还轻便。榨汁部件我们采用的回转篮相比较其它类型的 加工机 有很大改进，壳体部分我们着手于制造的方 便和结构简单，便于拆装清洗维修，带有人性化设计。 nts 研究过程 (含完成期限 ) 第一步 明确选题 ，确立总体设计方案 第二步 查找、收集相关资料 第三步 拟订初步设计方案和具体设计方案 第四步 让指导老师分析方案的优缺点并给出修改意见 第五步 按照设计方案开始画图、设计 第六步 让指导老师指出不足并改进 第七步 独自完成毕业设计 指导教师意见 指导教师签名： 年 月 日 教研室意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日 院系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日 nts nts毕业设计说明书中文摘要 机械式钢筋钢管多功能加工机总体设计 摘要 随着科学技术的不断发展，农业机械化技术也发展到了一个新的水平；随着农业机械化技术的发展 和人们生活水平的提高 ， 水果 多功能加工机 的改进 成为目前消费者 关心的热点问题 。 本文介绍了 多功能加工机 的研究 意义 、 多功能加工机 的研究现状，分析了 多功能加工机 的发展前景，详细讲述了 机械式钢筋钢管多功能加工机 的工作原理 。这次和同组人员一起设计的 机械式钢筋钢管多功能加工机 能够更独特地更好地 满足消费者的意愿 ， 本着简单、方便、实用为原则一切从消费者的利益出发 。而且，该 多 功能加工机 祛除了以前 多功能加工机 出汁率底、果汁不清的弊端。单相串激式电动机充分体现了自动化、高效化、小型化、简单化、环保化等特点。 最后， 我 相信 我们所设计的这 台 集专业化、智能化，自动化、，高效化、小型化、简单化、环保化 、安全性 为一体的 多功能加工机 能够早日走进消费者的家庭。 关键词 机械式钢筋钢管多功能加工机 、电机选配、壳体设计、榨汁部件设计 nts毕业设计说明书外文摘要 The Mechanical Design of Centrifugal Juice Extractor Abstract With the development of science and technology, the agriculture mechanical technology has developed to a new level; With the development and improvement of agriculture mechanical technology and peoples living standard, the improvement of centrifugal juice extractor has become the consumers hot topic nowadays.This article introduced the research significance of centrifugal juice extractor, and the present research, also analyzed the development prospects of this machine, and narrated the work principle of the centrifugal extractor, also narrated the design process of single-phase series excitation type electric motor in double centrifugal extractor in detail. The centrifugal juice extractor, which was designed by my partners and I can satisfy our consumers demand uniquely and well, based on the principle of simple, convenient, practical and all for the consumers benefit. Moreover, this machine get ride of the previous problem that is low juice rate, and unclear juice malpractice. The single-phase series excitation type electric motor fully manifested the automation, high efficiency, miniaturization, simplification, and the environmental protection. Finally, I believed that this machine we designed which has the character of collection specialization, intellectualization, automation, high efficiency, ntsminiaturization, simplification, environmental protection, and the security would be able to enter consumers family soon. Keywords centrifugal juice extractor, the choice of electromotor, The design of rind, the design of squeeze parts nts 目录 1 概述 .1 1.1 研究目的及意义 .1 1.2 国内外技术发展状况 .1 1.3 主要研究内容 .2 2 技术任务书 .2 2.1 产品设计依据及设计要求 .2 2.2 主要结构概述 .2 2.3 工作原理 .2 2.4 技术经济分析 .3 3 设计计算说明书 .3 3.1 结构方案分析 .3 3.2 机械式钢筋钢管多功能加工机 的基本结构 .4 3.3 机械式钢筋钢管多功能加工机 的工作原理 .5 3.4 总体设计要点 .5 4 电机的选择 .5 4.1 电动机的选择要求 .5 4.2 电动机类型的选择 .6 4.3 电动机额定功率的确定 .7 5 加工 部件的设计 .8 6 加工机 壳体的设计 .10 nts6.1 加工机 壳体材料的选择 .10 6.2 加工机 壳体的设计 .11 7 加工机 的使用 说明书 .16 7.1 安装说明 .16 7.2 使用说明 .16 7.3 安全警告事项说明 .17 7.4 清洁、保养说明 .17 7.5 易发故障处理说明 .18 7.6 技术参数 .19 结论 .20 致谢 .21 参考文献 .22 nts ntsThe Honest Guide to Choosing a Juicer In the 1930s a chap called Dr Norman Walker invented a juicer which firstly grated and then cut produce. The resulting mass was then to be put into a linen bag and placed under a hydraulic press, directing juice down a spout. (Dr Walker lived to 108 years of age - he died in a surfing accident). You can still purchase this 2-stage Norwalk machine for around $2000, which is a very prohibitive price indeed. And most of the juicers you will find on sale havent evolved much since then, which brings us to.Centrifugal juicers. Centrifugal juicers work by using a flat cutting blade on the bottom of a rapidly spinning strainer. Cut produce is flung out over the sides of the strainer. Due to the centrifugal force, juice then passes through tiny holes in the strainer. Features intrinsic to this design include: The strainers are HUGE and a pain to clean The cutting blades are tricky to clean and some are particularly dangerous to handle The process incorporates mass oxidization and therefore a dying and brown juice There is a lot of unpleasant froth Leafy green vegetables are impossible, so no herbs and no wheatgrass Pulp builds up in the strainer and efficiency falls rapidly The centrifugal force pushes a lot of pulp through the strainer, resulting in a lot of pulp in the juice These juicers can seriously damage your hearing, and wont be popular in a terraced house or flat, or if anyone is still in bed Ultimately, the technology inside a centrifugal juicer is not unlike that of a tree cutter. Theyre spinning at up to10000rpm. The resulting frictional heat is not good for your juice. Neither is 10000rpm an easy task for a motor when under ntsconstant resistance. The amount you can spend on a centrifugal juicer varies from 30 to over 100 - so what are you paying for? Well, in truth, mostly brand name and aesthetic design. While the cheapest of machines are certainly week hearted and not going to last you long, experience and feedback tells us that more expensive machines dont necessarily last any longer. In fact, if everyone who bought a juicer used their machine every day we think nearly every machine on the market would be withdrawn because with daily usage virtually all machines would fail within their first year, let alone within warranty. This guide has been written as a result of the cumulative experience of several people, spanning over 4 years and many many juices. In this guide you will: discover clearly the best type of juicer for you pinpoint the best machine in each category be saved from the confusion of conflicting promotional material benefit from unique comparison charts and photos gain links to background information and in dependant reviews And thats a brave statement for us to make but far braver is the warranty provided with juicers. Most people we speak to that have burnt out previous machines never even took it back. We live in a throw away society sadly, but its great for manufacturers. Another fact of society is how many of us shelve new products. In a recent survey juicers were found to be the most likely new item to be left in the cupboard, second only to the George Foreman style grills. We believe this is because of the above drawbacks of this style of juicer - as the high street centrifugal is by far the most purchased type of juicer in the UK. Centrifugal juicers that handle whole produce. WOW! what a feature, whole apples, whole heads of celery. Having said that, impatience isnt the highest virtue. One health food author tells us its great being able to put in a whole head of celery, but the motor keeps burning out and I have to take it back to the shop. Ultimately, this feature is one of ntsconvenience, but the process still destroys the juice, and you still have to clean up after every glass produced as the strainer clog seven more rapidly. The juicers themselves have had no technical redesign other than a widening of their feeding chute, so there has been no consideration of increased motor resistance. Also, a wide feeding chute is extremely dangerous an adult could loose their whole arm in there. Also, anything that doesnt fill the chute rattles all over the place, like a simple carrot. Generally there is immense volumes of foam and the juicers dump a lot of pulp into the juice which then requires straining. How many juicers do you want to buy this year? One last word on whole fruit juicing: animals that live inside fruit. Think about it, even if your juicer can take whole apples, maybe its worth quartering each apple first. worm juice anyone? Centrifugal juicers with pulp ejection. A relatively small market place that holds a few domestic machines, and mostly commercial machines used by juice bars. Juice bars need juice QUICK (which is why they have to sacrifice quality and use the centrifugal process) and they cant afford to continually disassemble their juicer to clean it. In a centrifugal juicer that has pulp ejection, the sides of the straining basket are cleverly slanted, the air flow sending the pulp produced automatically into a collection basket without the need for cleaning. The process IS NOT full-proof by a long way, and offers no inherent improvement on all the flaws of centrifugal juicing already mentioned. Please be aware that stringy, fibrous produce and wheatgrass is still not a success in this type of juicer. If youre looking to incorporate these into your juice read on.A revolution occurred in the 1950s when Plastaket invented the Champion, the worlds first masticating juicer. Masticate means to chew, and as the Champion is the only juicer with teeth we feel its the only masticating juicer available. Many other web sites will class gear juicers as masticators. We have put these into their own category below. The Champion juicer gives a greater yield then centrifugal juicers and the degradation isnt nearly ntsas severe. But its cutter is running at 1425rpm - and that can be a problem. Leafy veg is still a NO - only now it gets caught in the teeth! If you juice slowly (or the teeth are clogged with plant fibers) you get warm foamy juice as the cutter is spinning rapidly against the produce that hasnt yet cleared the juicing chamber. When the Champion arrived on the scene over 50 years ago, Siegfried Gursche, author of Healing with Herbal Juices, described as a tragedy the extremely high speed of the juicer which causes lots of friction which heats and sometimes even steams the juice. Some nutrients, especially all live enzymes, are destroyed by heat. Where the Champion excels (in terms of speed of throughput and yield) is with root vegetables. If youre planning to process A LOT of carrots, then the Champion would be a consideration for you (i.e. the Gerson Diet). Although, in our opinion youd still be better off with a gear juicer, and you should make green juices your main stay. To read more about why the Champion should be nominated for retirement, click here. Now lets take a jump into the 1990s. Suddenly an innovation occurred in juicing. Low speed, gear juicersGear juicers operate anywhere between 70 and 120 r/min. Thus, in a gear juicer: Produce is crushed - No cutting or spinning Enzymes are preserved AMAZING green juices become possible Your juice is cold, as it should be You lift a glass of living juice every time They are the easiest of all juicers to clean (dont let anyone lie to you and claim that any juicer mentioned previously in this guide is easy to clean theyre not). As a visual representation of the differences we have prepared two glasses of apples juice - one prepared in a single gear juicer, the other in a centrifugal juicer. The rapid oxidization of apple juice makes this a good test for the colour and ntstherefore vitality of the juice. Other produce would show similar results for the centrifugal produced juice, but typically the single gear prepared juice would exhibit less or no foam. E.g. orange juice is entirely foam in a centrifugal juicer and zero foam in a single gear juicer. Many people have said or written that you need to drink juice produced in a centrifugal juicer straight after producing it. Usually it is explained that as the juice deteriorates you can benefit from the juice by consuming it straight away. PLEASE stop and think. If a process causes destruction, removing it from your sights quickly does not alter the destruction. If you want to juice for health you must produce the juice yourself in a low speed gear juicer. This is the only way to gain benefit from the abundance of nutrition available in fresh fruits any vegetables when their fibre is safely separated. No other Apple juice extracted with a Single Gear Juicer Has a healthy, even color, showing that its full of enzymes and nutrients 20% more juice yield Less foam Apple juice extracted with a Centrifugal Juicer Has oxidized and turned clear brown -only water content with no enzymes andnutrients Poor juice yield A lot of foam domestic or commercial juice preparation will give you the benefits of living enzymes,vitamins, minerals and other phytonutrients. So now that were totally convinced that its only worth drinking fresh juice if prepared using a gear juicers, weare left with one question - single gear or twin gear?Single gear juicers A single gear juicer has a single rotating screw or auger, with an ever narrowing thread along which produce follows until crushed inside a screen which allows juice through and pulp to be ejected at the tip. This process is very similar to the worm gear of a meat grinder. The auger is divided into a two phase process of ntsfirst crushing and then wringing-out the produce against the wall of a conical filter screen. Single gear juicing offers you top quality juice with ultimate friendliness of use. You wont ever be put off using a single gear juicer, it will forever remain a joy. In the UK the original Oscar 502 has just been made available again as the Oscar Living Juicer, a machine youll see in juice bars like Planet Organic. There are a hoard of other single gear juicers available now, including the LE quip Visor, Solo Star and Live Please take note that despite superiority claims of the enzyme content produced by different gears juicers, there is NO evidence or test ever been done to identify if one machine is more successful than another in this area. It seems that all promotional material for this type of juicer, including unedited web copy, claims superiority. We would advise not basing your purchase around such statements. Additionally there is no evidence that slower is better (relative to this category, i.e. 70rpm is not better than 120rpm). TRUE, slow speed has immense benefits over thousands of revs per minute, but the small differences in speed between juicers in this category are not cause for you to choose the slowest. Single gear juicing was invented at the beginning of the nineties with the introduction of the Oscar 502, designed and Manufactured by a Korean company named Dong Ah which was founded by two business partners in 1988. One of the two businessmen betrayed the other, set up a nearby manufacturing facility, started a new company called Dong A Oscar (cheeky, hey?) and within a short time had produced the Matstone juicer - a copy of the Oscar design. Outside of Korea the machine was branded the Samson, and globally, Samson agents touted their machine as the new model Oscar. They cut a number of corners to make their Matstone juicers more affordable and pushed heavily with their marketing. In one country, an ex-employee of the Oscar distributor stole $75,000 and the customer database before setting himself up as the Samson distributor. In the UK, where there was no resident Oscar distributorship, the Oscar was long forgotten, many ntspeople believing to today that their Samson/Matstone machine is the new Oscar. The story nearly finished with Dong A Oscar falling to bankruptcy on 26th September 2005.Enzyme juicers. These have not proved as efficient or reliable as the Oscar brand. We recommend looking closely at warranty durations, as the Oscar Living Juicer offers 12 years, and only one other machine beats that. Dual stage single auger juicers The latest innovation in single gear juicers is a 3 phase extraction auger working inside a dual stage juicing screen. Upon the initial crushing of the produce, any released juice is directed through the first stage of the juicing screen into the juice collecting bowl. The crushed produce minus much of its juice then continues its way through the machine, where there is a finer holed screen to obtain not only a higher yield, but a near pulp free juice. The picture below compares a dual stage juicing screen (top) with a single stage juicing screen (bottom). Clicking on the picture will show alarger picture. This process is claimed to obtain up to 20% more juice than ordinary single gear juicers and mostly yields like a twin gear machine. A test with carrots yielded 26% more juice! With other single auger juicers, the juice is only produced in the second stage, requiring larger holes in the juicing screen. Consequently a sieve is provided with other single gear juicers covering the juice collecting bowl to catch pulp. As juice is allowed to exit at the first stage this type of juicer doesnt suffer from a number of problems that affect virtually all other juicers: leaks, especially into the locking clip and motor housing (this causes long term problems with the gearbox as fruit acids reach the lubricating grease within the gearbox causing extra noise and eventually a breakage. additionally locking clips / face plates of juicers are tricky to clean and add to your time). poor performance with soft fruits (soft fruits hold more juice extractable at the first stage. When trying to pass this juice onto the second stage of ordinary single ntsgear juicers, typically nothing happens at all and produce remains stationary in the juicing drum with the juice and all the auger does is stir it).There are only two dual stage single gear juicers available on the market, the Solo Star II and the Oscar 900 VitalMax. Youll note that both brands have been worn on earlier models. We prefer the Oscar VitalMax for a number reasons, including a lighter/sleeker design, as well as being easier to use and clean. Also, both stages of the Oscar juicing screen are stainless steel where as the Solo Star II has a plastic first stage. Lastly, the Oscar VitalMax is the only juicer to hold a 20 year motor warranty. Now that is a brave warranty to implement. Oscar assure us that their machine has been tested beyond 10,000 hours of use. They insist we juice daily, and insist that they use the finest motor and components in the world. Perhaps some tell-tale signs of this quality reside in this machines performance, and quietness, as the VitalMax is most definitely the quietest machine weve used. Since Oscar have been in business since 1988 it is safe to trust their warranty offering too. Single gear juicer with NO juicing screen. The Oscar VitalMax is absolutely the most reliable, best performing, quickest to clean, easiest to assemble and use appliance of its type AND it has the least number of parts - just 4 plus the hopper! There is one single product in this category, the Live Enzyme juicer (which is an electric version of the inexpensive manual juicer known as the Easy Health). Both the manual and electric version were designed for use with greens, particularly wheatgrass exclusively. Due to the very high stringy fibre content of these foods they dont create pulpy juices, and thus a juicing screen is not necessary. However, the absence of a juicing screen on these machines is coupled with claims of juicing all produce and headlining of the time youll save not cleaning the screen. Proceed with caution. You will need to sieve, and softer produce is problematic. Ok if you like pulpy juice, but when you want just pure juice (without the pulp), the pulp quickly collects on the sieve clogging it up. If the sieve was integrated into the juicing drum then separated pulp ntswould be deposited away from he juice, but with a sieve resting on the juice jug you have to empty it frequently and waste a lot of juice in doing so. This is very messy, especially with soft produce, including apples, and tomatoes will lead you to give up hope. Finally, two augers are provided with this juicer for different produce another unique feature. But presuming you require both, at some point you may wish to change the parts to juice the next item in your recipe. Messyagain. Below is a chart of the power (watts) of the 5 most popular single gear juicers. This is an important comparison, because each one of these juicers has a 38mm feeding chute, and thus has the same task to endure. Ultimately, the higher the power, the lower the motor wear of a single juicing task. The power of a machine is exhibited in the juicing performance too, but if you compare this with the warranty chart above you can see exactly what you are getting. People have always thought of the higher price tag equipment as too expensive. but what they dont realize. how many cars do you want to buy in the next 10 years? How many vacuum cleaners do you want to own? How many times do you want to buy a stereo? Or do you want to buy something and be partially dissatisfied