虚拟语气.doc

虚拟语气：一.概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反二.相关知识点精讲1.辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表if条件句中的谓与动词主句的谓与动词与现在的事实相反1. 行为动词用did 形式2. be动词用wereshouldwouldcould + 动词原形might 与过去的事实相反had + doneshouldwouldcould + have + donemight与将来的事实相反1. 行为动词用did2. should + 动词原形3. were to + 动词原形shouldwouldcould + 动词原形might 注：“情态动词+have done”的用法 must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测。 cant / couldnt have done表示对过去所发生的事情所做的否定推测。 may have done表示过去所发生的事情作可能性推测。 might / could have done表示对过去所发生的事情作可能性推测，或者表示本来可以做而事实上未做的事情。 should / ought to have done表示本应该做的事情而事实上未做，含有对对方的责备。 neednt have done表示做了本不应该做的事情。 例1：They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (2011新课标卷32) A. will B. can C. must D. should 例2： I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it. (2011江苏卷34) A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen3.混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。1) If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2) If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.3) If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be all right now.4) If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.4.含蓄条件句，由but for(要不是), without, but, otherwise, if only(如果就好了)But for/ without the storm, we should have arrived earlier.= if it hadnt been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.I would have come yesterday, but I was too busy.=if I hadnt been too busy yesterday, I would have come.If only I had met her!5.虚拟语气中的倒装句如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.Were I you, I would do more practice after class.Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.6.wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气， 表示“可惜；.就好了； 悔不该； 但愿。”主句谓语从句谓语wish时态谓语动词的形式现在时表示与wish同时发生动词用过去时be动词用were过去时表示在wish之前发生的动作动词用had donebe用had been将来时表示在wish之后发生的动作动词用would do; should dobe 用 would be ; should be1) I wish I knew the key to the answer.2) I wish I were ten years younger.3) I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.4) I wish that you had been here yesterday.5) He wishes that we would visit the old school.7.表示命令或建议动词insist, order, command，require，request, demand, suggest, propose, desire, advise后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形； 注：（1）suggest 为“建议去做; 命令”从句用should + do为“ 说明； 暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.2) The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.（2）insist “坚持要去做，坚持应该去做”，从句用should + do为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”， 从句用过去时或过去完成时。8.虚拟语气也用于表语从句,主语从句和同位语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。it is desired that we（should）get everything ready this eveningthe suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone9. 在it is（was）形容词that从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should ）动词原形，表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有 essential，important，natural，necessary，possible，strange，等。 It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language（上海1993）A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master练习一单项选择1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.A. will be B. would have beenC. could have been D. would be2. If I _ you, Id join the army.A. amB. wasC. wereD. would be3. If he _ tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office.A. comesB. will comeC. should comeD. come4. If it _ next week , the crops would be saved.A. rainsB. will rainsC. would rainD. should rain5. If I _ it, I would do it in a different way.A. were to doB. doC. had doneD. was to do6. Supposing the weather _ bad, where would you go ?A. isB. will beC. wereD. be7. If he had worked harder, he _.A. would succeedB. had succeededC. should succeedD. would have succeeded8. If he _, he _ that food.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken9. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented10. If he _ it, he _ it.A. had seen; could have believedB. saw; couldnt believeC. saw; couldnt have believedD. has seen; had believed11. Do you think the thief entered through the window?No, if he had, I dont believe, _ broken the living-rooms window.A. he would haveB. he must haveC. he hadD. should he have12. Did you go swimming last Sunday?No. We would have gone _ nicer.A. if the weather wasB. would the weather have beenC. had the weather beenD. should the weather be13. _ it _ for your help, I couldnt have made any progress.A. Had; not beenB. Should; not beenC. Did; not beenD. Not; been14. _ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would have leftB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leave D. If he leaves15. It is ordered that a new bridge _ over the wide river.A. should be builtB. would builtC. will be builtD. built二完成句子1. (2010, 湖北)Its said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they _(不可能做到)because the ocean in between is too wide.(do) 2. (2011, 北京)-Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. - I wish they _.(不总是迟到)(be) 3. (2011, 福建)-Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution, -I _(参加)it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.(attend) 4. (2010, 北京)-The weather has been very hot and dry - Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _(不会死)(die) 5. (2010, 天津)-John went to the hospital alone. - If he _(告诉我这事), I would have gone with him.(tell) 6. (2010, 湖南) If he _(采取我的意见), he wouldnt have lost his job.(follow) 7. (2010, 浙江)Had I known about th