dq003PLC控制的变频调速恒压供水系统程序
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dq003PLC控制的变频调速恒压供水系统程序,毕业设计
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毕业设计 (论文 )翻译资料 信息与电子工程 系 工业电气自动化 专业 04 级 1 班 课题名称： S7-200 PLC 控制的变频 调速恒压供水系统设计 毕业设计 (论文 )起止时间： 2007 年 3 月 1 日 6 月 10 日 (共 17 周 ) 学生姓名： 赵晋 学号： 3040221123 指导教师： 黄云龙、朱秋琴、廖东进 报告日期： 2007-3- nts浙江工业大学浙西分校信息与电子工程系毕业设计（翻译资料） English Part - 1 - The control and Energy-saving of automatic Water Supply System Abstract: Based one simple analysis of the methods for water supply used domestically and abroad, this paper discusses the principe and systems structure of automatic water supply system by using frequency conversion speed regulation in detail. Then the systems advantages are discussed and some key problems that should be pay attention to designing are presented. Keyword: Frequency conversion speed regulation; water supply with stable pressure: PID regulator. 1、 Foreword At present , supply water in residential area and life of the skyscraper of our country generally adopt the way common frequently . It has heavy energy consumption, high noise ,and there has a great deal of questions in the source of water, such as secondary pollution etc. And it is a kind of comparatively ideal mode to adjust the watersupply device controlled rapidly with frequency conversion .Entering the middle and later periods of the 1990s, as the speed technology of frequency conversion achieves more development becomes perfect, the way of the full-automatic constant pressure that based on this technology supplied water has already been widely used in the developed country , and is becoming riper. In recent years, author has made some real work on rapidly to the transformation in frequency conversion supply water design and construction of control system , have accumulated some experience, and has formed the view on some questions. The reason why the energy-conserving principle frequency conversion of the water pump system of speed adjustment becomes popularized , is mainly because that it has a better energy- conserving result. To pump system of frequency conversion, the water pump after adjusting the speed has functional relation of the following: Q1/Q2 =n1/n2 (1) H1/H2 = (n1/n2)2 (2) of the type. Q1, Q2 represents the flow before and after the speed for the water pump respectively; N1, n2 represents the rotational speed before and after the speed for the water pump respectively; H1, H2 represents the lift before and after the speed for the water pump respectively . According the above:H1/H2=(f1/f2)2 Namely real lift of a water pump is power the square of frequency in direct radio. Therefore changing the power supply frequency of the electrical machinery of water pump through the frequency converter , can control supporting water pressure strength of the water pump . 2 constant pressure as Fig. 1 shows supply water of the automatically controlled frequency conversion water -supply system principle block diagram. P1 is the give pressure value, p2 for the actual pressure value had examined from the pipeline of the pressure sensor, PID regulator passes the error operation of the two value, and through controlling the frequency output of the frequency converter, thus make the pressure of the pipeline remain throughout on establishing value p1. This system can measure users instantaneous water pressure adjust automatically , regulate the amount of quantity of supplying water and operation conditions of the electrical machinery in view of the above. Can according to give water pressure strength to set for and control pressure value which needed , make the equipment in the constant pressure state all the time, can know from load characteristic of electrical nts浙江工业大学浙西分校信息与电子工程系毕业设计（翻译资料） English Part - 2 - machinery axle power and its the third power of in direct radio rotational speed of electrical machinery mixed, that is p1/p2=(n1/n2)3. For example, as the frequency converter output frequency for 35Hz (establish as 50Hz at most), that is to say that the actual rotational speed is 70% oclock of specified rotational speed, the power consumption of the governor is 0.73 =0.343, account for specified 35%. That is to say , the water pump is always in constant pressure and turn the working state of matching the way into the flow , is it is it keep to exceed to dispel and backset current have work loss. Constant speed transfer with frequency conversion speed axle power change curve as Fig. 2 shows , relatively can know, it is the most obvious that frequency conversion adjusts the energy-conserving result of speed way. 2、 Case analyse Constant pressure is it regulate flow of water to the purpose to up to constant pressure through suiting well rapidly in frequency conversion to supply water, the goal that it controls finally is the water pressure. Controlling the target has non-linear , lagging characteristics. The quality of PID regulator performance , has determined the quality of the water -supply system to a great extent When the system is during the course of starting and stopping, or the pressure establishing value changes by a large margin , because there is a very great deviation within short time, no matter the controll algorithm of PID regulator adopts the increment type or the position type, its total mark one will fetch the cistern , water pump group (1M , 2M ) and complement the fittings to form relevantly. The core of this system is that frequency conversion adjusts the speed switch board, it monitors the pressure of the pipe network in real time through the pressure sensor , and change into the electric signal and offer the frequency converter to to make operation, through the controlling commonly of frequency converter , programmable controller PLC and relay array, adjust the system of supplying water rapidly after forming perfect full-automatic frequency conversion. Frequency converter is various in kind, for instance the types , such as Mitsubishi , Fuji , three Kenya and ABB ,etc. Generally often select the pumps , special-purpose series of air blower for use. Whether take Mitsubishi FR-A140E as an example, it except general function had of brand , there are the following characteristics : The inside adopts the intellectual power module of IPM, it is lowest to make the noise of the electrical machinery to reduce ; Frequency converter, and work-frequency power can is it switch over to go on frequently, user is it is it start , stop through PLC and switch over the order automatically to input to need only, can conveniently through to lock movement switch over different water pump each other contactor, and does not need to design the tedious control procedure by oneself like the thing that in the past , this is one of this peculiar functions of frequency converter; Built-in instantaneous power cut starts and retries and starts the function , in a situation that nobody guarded, even if can be started by oneself after the frequency converter shuts down, totally realize with the operation of the automatic way. PID regulator available frequency converter of system this built-in value very heavy, this will store deviation in regulate. During the process of dispelling the deviation to regulate , must lead to the fact the system and present greater ultra mediation long-time vibration , can produce the serious integration saturation phenomenon also at the same time , thus influence the nts浙江工业大学浙西分校信息与电子工程系毕业设计（翻译资料） English Part - 3 - normal running of the equipment. Is it drop the influence to most low to want , should adopt PID control method that integration separate among controlling algorithm, in order to reach the anticipated result. After dealing with like this , can shorten the system and reach steady transition course time greatly System allocate two 11kW water pump support 600 over resident water. Two pump offer large peak flow most when working at the same time, single platform meet the small flow and supply water at night. In addition all water pump can run by way of frequency conversion , can circulate way soft to start, in this way , can reduce the impact to the electric wire netting and pipe network . What merits attention is two pump when frequency conversion and worker are switched over frequently , have procedure it locks to be enough each other only, outputting must adopt machinery to interlock the contactor , can avoid the situation that two contactors close at the same time in the twinkling of an eye in this way, so as not to short out in twinkling of an eye causing power . pressure sensor P monitors the size of the water pressure signal in real time, the signal is dealt with by PID, input it to the frequency converter. At the small flow, water pump electrical machinery 1M turn round (whether 1KM1 is it shut to suck), and through feedback password change his rotational speed constantly, it is invariable in order to keep the pressure; In case of large flow , compare frequency conversion by pressure circuit send out through PLC constant/changed switch over frequently operate and interlock the order, machinery interlocks the contactor ( 2KM2 in 2KM (2KM1 +2KM2 ), contactor 3KM have the electricity. At this moment, electrical machinery 2M is started by way of frequency conversion, 1M is switched over and run at full speed frequently to run . In this way, this system can maintain water consumption on a invariable pressure all the time . Built up in the aforesaid district initial stage , supply water and adopt the way frequently of workers, because of energy consumption being heavy dependability is bad, the household reflects strongly. Use instead after frequency conversion supply water, installation total capacity reduce 25% than original equipment , economize on electricity the index is close 30% synthetically actually, the result is remarkable. 3、 Several questions while apply are in case of great majority The environment for use of the scene is comparatively abominable . Though frequency converter has very strong protection functions itself, such as owe keep , excessive pressure , is it flow to pass, electric current amplitude limiting is it make exactly to choose, overload, overheated lacking looking , shorting out and disconnected ink protect the function But must prevent trouble before it happens . Through using finding , two kinds of brands of Mitsubishi , Fuji, because has fully considered various kinds of abominable running environment in design and manufacture. The dependability and service life under the same condition are higher than some brands. One small city of mountain area of west place in Hubei in Hubei, average 1200m above sea level, the humidity on the high side of long-term most of the time (about 80%), the sulfur dioxide is seriously polluted, a set of frequency conversion that one factory produces supplies water of the equipment, because has not considered above-mentioned factors , less than one year, the relevant parts of the equipment are corroded seriously. And the like product which we designed , installed nts浙江工业大学浙西分校信息与电子工程系毕业设计（翻译资料） English Part - 4 - in the same area, because has fully considered the situations of different difference, on the selecting types of the equipment and component , have adopted the ship standard. Through the use of more than two years , ran well , stood the tests of different sternness. Find in using actually , the frequency converter itself is that a strong interference takes place in the source , will often influence the normal running of the equipment. Especially when the low rotational speed of the water pump operates, the frequency shown on the frequency converter does not correspond to actual operation frequency. Generally there are two kinds of spread ways to interfere: The circuit bunch is disturbed and space radiation is interfered. Can take the corresponding measure to solve according to the actual conditions of the scene. For example is it strain wave and absorb the return circuit to increase to programmable power end of controller, PID regulator introduction of unit output sure to have reliable shielding , link frequency converter , ground terminal of electrical machinery with earth stake firmly, control the line and motive force line leave certain distance , in order to strengthen and resist the electromagnetic ability to interfere. Only in this way ,can make system keep the long and steady working state in high temperature , humidity , mould , strong harsh terms of interfering etc. 4、 Conclusions Are by way of adjusting the speed as the central water supply in frequency conversion, the result is obvious to economize on water , economize on electricity, can be extensively suitable for 20-10000 residents the biotope , skyscraper , hotels and retaurants , fire control or district pressurize and supply water, it is ideal facilities that the medium and small- scale waterworks supplied water too. Its amount of water quality supported is high, the economic benefits are obvious, the social benefit is enormous, with the development of national economy and constant improvement of the living standards of the people, it is sure to be used and popularized progressively in our country 5、 List of references Zhang Wanzhong, Zhu Jie, Wang Mingquan. A kind of new-type frequency conversion constant pressure supplies water of the plan of design of the pump station. Electrical age, 1999 (10): 22-232 Liu YingChun. Principle design of the sensor and application. Beijing: University of Science and Technology of the national defence publishing Presss, 1989.59-623 Lu Guangda. Electric installation project manual of the building . Beijing: The electric publishing house of water conservancy, write the group in 1995.222- 2244 The automatic projecting . Give and drain off water the automatic project. Beijing: The electric publishing house of water conservancy, 1997.301-312 nts- 1 - 毕业设计 (论文 )任务书 学生姓名 _ 赵晋 指导教师 _黄云龙、廖东进、朱秋琴 职称 副教授、助教、助教 系别 _信息与电子工程系 _专业 工业电气自动化 年级 _04_班级 1 课题名称 S7-200 PLC 控制的变频调速恒压供水系统设计 任务与要求： 一、 设计（论文）要求： 随着变频调速技术的发展，变频恒压供水系统已逐渐取代原有的水塔供水系统，变频恒压供水已广泛应用于厂矿企业及生活、消防等供水系统。 S7-200PLC 控制的变频调速恒压供水系统采用变频调速方式自动完 成泵组软启动及无冲击切换，自动调节水泵电机转速，改变以往“先启后停”方式，使水压平稳过渡。采用硬件 /软件备用及时钟控制功能，使各泵进行轮休，延长设备的机械使用寿命。变频器故障时系统仍可运行，保证不间断供水。 系统组成及原理 1、组成 变频恒压供水系统原理如图 1 所示，它主要是由 S7-200PLC（包括一块模拟量扩展模块EM235）、变频器、压力传感器、液位传感器、动力控制线路以及若干台水泵等组成。通过控制柜面板上的按钮、转换开关和指示灯来控制系统的运行。 3、运行方式 2、工作原理 通过安装在出水管网上的压力传感器，把出口压力信号变成 4-20mA 的标准信号经西nts- 2 - 门子模拟量扩展单元 EM235 送入 S7-200PLC，经与给定压力参数进行比较、运算后，发出控制信号送给变频器，由变频器控制水泵的转速，调节系统供水量，使供水系统管网中的压力保持在给定压力上；当用水量超过一台泵的供水量时，通过 PLC 控制增加水泵。根据用水量的大小由 PLC 控制工作泵数量的增减及变频器对水泵的调速，实现恒压供水。同时系统通过软件设计具有定时换泵和系统声、光报警及多种保护功能。 3、运行方式 系统 应具 有 手动和自动两种运行方式（通过变频工频选择开关选择）： 手动运行 按下按钮启动或停止水泵，可根据需要分别控制 1 4 泵的启停。该方式主要供检修及变频器故障时用。 自动运行 合上自动开关后， 1 泵电机通电，变频器输出频率从 0Hz 上升， S7-200PLC 接受压力传感器的标准信号，经运算与给定压力参数进行比较，将调节参数送给变频器，如压力不够，则频率上升到 50， 1 泵由变频切换为工频，启动 2 泵 变频，变频器逐渐上升频率至给定值，加泵依次类推；如用水量减小，从先启的泵开始减，同时根据系统的 PID 算法 调节参数使系统平稳运行。 4、故障处理 故障报警 当出现缺相、变频器故障、液位下限、超压、差压等情况时，系统皆能发出声、光报警信号；通知维修人员前来维修。此外，变频器故障时，系统自动停机，此时可切换至手动方式保证系统不间断供水。 水泵检修 为维护和检修水泵，要求在系统正常供水状态下，在一段时间间隔内使某一台水泵停运，系统 应 设有水泵强制备用功能（硬件备用），可随意备用某一台水泵，同时不影响系统正常运行；为了使水泵进行轮休，系统还 应 设有软件备用功能，工作泵与备用泵 应 具有周期定时切换功能 。 PLC 控制系统 该系统采用西门子 S7-200PLC CPU224，本机 I/O 点数为 14 入 10 出，另为获取和发出模拟信号选用 4 入 2 出的 EM235 一块， PLC 编程采用 STEP7 软件，它是西门子 PLC 的视窗软件支持工具，提供完整的编程环境，可进行离线编程和在线连接和调试，并能实现梯形图与语句表的相互转换。 控制过程 ：泵组的切换开始时，若硬件、软件皆无备用（两者同时有效时硬件优先），1 泵变频启动，转速从开始随频率上升，如变频器频率到达 50Hz， 而此时水压还在下限值，延时一段时间（由 PLC 内部时间继 电器控制，目的 是 避免由于干扰而引起误动作）后，1 泵切换至工频运行，同时变频器频率由 50Hz 滑停至 0Hz， 2 泵变频启动，如水压仍不满足，则依次启动 3 、 4 泵；若开始时 1 泵备用，则直接启 2 变频，转速从开始随频率上升，如变频器频率到达 50Hz， 而此时水压还在下限值，延时一段时间后， 2 泵切换至工频运行，同时变频器频率由 50 Hz 滑停至 0 Hz， 3 泵变频启动，如水压仍不满足，则启动 4泵；若 1 、 2 泵都备用，则直接启 3 变频，具体泵的切换过程与上述类同。 同样，如水压在上限值，若台泵（假设为 1 、 2 和 3 ）运行时， 3 泵变频运行降到 0Hz，此时水压仍处于上限值，则延时一段时间后使 1 泵停止， 3 泵变频器频率从 Hz 迅速上升，若此后水压仍处于上限值，则延时一段时间后使 2 泵停止。这样的切换过程，有效地减少泵的频繁启停，同时在实际管网对水压波动做出反应之前，由变频器迅速调节，使水压平稳过渡。以往的变频恒压供水系统在水压高时，通常是采用停变频泵，再将变频器以nts- 3 - 工频运行方式切换到正在以工频运行的泵上进行调节。这种切换的方式 ，
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