情态动词和虚拟.doc

高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家情态动词与虚拟语气专题导读情态动词与虚拟语气是高中语法学习的难点和重点。高考英语完成句子对情态动词的考查主要涉及常见情态动词的基本用法，特别侧重于情态动词表推测的用法和特殊结构中情态动词的应用。高考完成句子对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。学好虚拟语气，除了掌握基本的结构外，还要注意句子所表达的意义是与现在、过去，还是将来事实相反，看清时间状语，另外还要注意在其他结构中虚拟语气的运用。五年高考已考测试点：情态动词与完成式；宾语从句、同位语从句、条件句中的虚拟语气；情态动词的推测功能；should/can等情态动词的基本用法。2014年复习备考考点聚焦： 考点(1)情态动词与完成式 “情态动词have过去分词 ”结构是情态动词专项考查的难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构：must have done 过去一定做了某事cant/couldnt have done 过去不可能做了某事may/might have done 过去可能做了某事neednt have done本来没有必要做而实际做了某事could have done本来能够做而实际没有做某事should/ought to have done本来应该做而实际没有做某事shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本来不该做而实际做了某事考点(2)情态动词的推测功能can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot，couldnt；语气较弱may，might或can，could；注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must；在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could；注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词 动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词进行式”结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词完成式”结构。考点(3)can的一些特殊搭配 canttoo/overcantadj./adv. enough 再也不过分cant help/choose but do 不得不做cant help (to) do不能帮忙做cant help doing情不自禁做cant/couldnt agree more 十分赞成it cant/couldnt be better 十分好，非常好might as well还是的好；不妨考点(4)虚拟语气的基本用法 if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况did/wereshould/would/could/mightdo表示过去情况haddoneshould/would/could/mighthavedone表示未来情况shoulddoshould/would/could/mightdodid/werewere todo注意若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。 链高考2010浙江Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved. 要是我了解电脑程序，会节省大量的时间和能源。Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match. 如果明天下雨，我们将不得不取消足球赛。考点(5)含蓄虚拟条件句这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise/but等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。But for their help, we could not have finished the program in time. 要不是他们的帮助，我们不可能及时完成这个项目。The change could not have taken place without the opendoor policy. 要是没有开放政策，就没有这些变化。I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have gone to help him.那时我太忙了，否则我就去帮他 考点(6)主从句时间不一致的错综时间虚拟句 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在)考点(7)名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it作形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 考点(8)其它从句中的虚拟语气A wish 宾语从句中表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式或were 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would动词原形B would rather句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he focused more on its culture. 乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多 地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。C 在“It is (about/high) timethat(从句)”中，谓语动词常用过去 式也可用should+do表示虚拟语气。 It is high time that people learnt English. 到了人们该学英语的时候了。D as if从句中，看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。 It looks as if its going to rain. 天看上去似乎要下雨。 She talked about it again and again as if she would never end. 她反复谈论那件事，好像永远也谈不完的样子。E if only 引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。 Look at the trouble were in. If only we had taken our teachers advice! 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了。 真题典例12011湖北卷 If _(我没有喝) alcohol last night, I could have driven my car home. ( drink )in helping transport and pull up the stones.(hand)1I hadnt drunk考查if引导的虚拟语气。根据主句I could have driven my car home，可以判断该处是对过去时间的虚拟，故分句部分要用过去完成时，由此可知答案为I hadnt drunk。22010湖北卷 Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)2(should) be discussed考查虚拟语气。insist引导的宾语从句要用虚拟，从句结构是 “(should)动词原形”；主语 problem与“讨论”之间是被动关系，故答案为(should) be discussed。32010湖北卷 Its said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they _(不可能做到)because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)3cant/couldnt have done it/so/that/this考查情态动词。本句是对过去情况进行的否定推测，故用 “cant/couldnt havedone”结构。42009湖北卷 After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that _(它着陆)as scheduled the next day.(land)4it (should) land考查虚拟语气。command此处引导宾语从句，从句结构为“(should)动词原形”。5I fell so sick. I wish Mum_(没有逼我)to eat so much.(force)5hadnt forced me考查虚拟语气。从语境看，这里应该是表示对过去情况或延续到现在的情况的虚拟，故用过去完成时。 6He looks sleepy. He must_(熬夜了)last night, writing the essay.(stay)6have stayed up考查情态动词表推测。根据题目中的时间提示可知是对过去发生的情况的推测，因此用must have done结构。7He believes that children_(应允许学习)at their own pace. (allow)7should/ought to be/must allowed to learn/study考查情态动词的用法和非谓语动词。根据提示词首先选定情态动词should/ought to/must；“允许”要表达为allow sb to sth，此处是被动语态，由此可知答案为should/ought to/must be allowed to learn/study。8It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he_(可能参与) in planning the monument, or 8may/might/could have had a hand考查“情态动词完成式”。表示“可能性”应用may/might；由于是对过去情况的推测，动词应该使用完成式；表示“参与”应用动词短语have a hand in，由此可知答案为may/might/could have had a hand。新题预测考试动向预测(110小题)：1When Edison died, it was suggested that the American people _ all power for several minutes in honor of this great man.(turn)当爱迪生去世时，人们建议所有的美国人关闭电源几分钟来纪念这位伟人。1(should) turn off2Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.(save)如果我知道这一电脑程序的话，大量的时间和精力就节省下来了。2would have been saved3It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night.(play)宾馆的管理方很有礼貌地请求，晚上11点之后不要开收音机了。3(should)not be played4Had not the entrance been spotted by French potholer, Berger，the cave _.(discover)要不是法国的洞穴专家Berger发现入口的话，这个洞穴也许永远不会为人所知了。4might never have been discovered5Your advice _ till next week is unreasonable, so she is wise not to take it. (wait)你让她一直等到下周的建议是不合情理的。她没有接受，真是很明智。5that she (should) wait6Doctors strongly recommend that fathers _ their babies birth. (present) 医生们强烈建议，婴儿出生时，父亲应该到场。6(should) be present at7When Xu Bingyu graduated from college in 2003, he chose to teach in a mountainous area of GuiZhou Province when he _ an easy city life. (enjoy)当许冰雨2003年大学毕业时，他选择了到贵州省的山区教书，尽管他本可以享受安逸的城市生活。7could have enjoyed8Whats that terrible smell?Oh，I forgot about the chicken! Go and look，it _！(burn)“那是什么可怕的气味？”“哦，我忘了鸡肉！去看看，一定是烧着了！”8must be burning9Mikes father, as well as his mother insisted that he _.(stay)迈克的父亲以及母亲坚持主张，他应该呆在家里。9(should) stay (at) home10I didnt know his telephone number otherwise I _.(telephone)我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就会给他打电话。10would have telephoned him11I didnt see her in the meetingroom this morning, she_(不可能发言)at the meeting.(speak)11cant/couldnt have spoken12The careless man received a ticket for speeding, he_(本不应该开那么快)(drive)12shouldnt/oughtnt to have driven so fast13My EnglishChinese dictionary has disappeared.Who_(可能拿了)？(take)13could/can have taken it14I _ (本不该