广东省陆丰市内湖中学中考英语辅导资料 阅读练习主旨大意题 人教新目标版.doc

广东省陆丰市内湖中学中考英语辅导资料 阅读练习-主旨大意题 人教新目标版主旨大意题(i)本期话题:health 健康一、主旨大意题常见的提问方式：主旨大意题考查的内容包括文章标题、中心话题、段落大意、写作目的等。一般而言,文章或段落的开头或结尾有一个主题句,表达一个中心或主题。其它内容都是针对这一主题句的拓展或说明。做主旨大意题的关键是找到主题句并进行高度的概括。常见主旨大意题的提问方式有三种: 1. 标题类主旨大意题。 这类题目在选项中给出不同的标题,要求学生根据文章内容选出最适合的一项。(1) the best title for this passage might be_.(2) the text (passage) could be entitled _.(3) what is the best title for the passage? (4) which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?2. 主题类主旨大意题。 这类题目要求学生在把握全文的基础上选出最能表现文章中心思想的一项。(1) this passage mainly deals with _.(2) what is the topic of the article?(3) what is the subject discussed in the text?(4) what is the main idea of this passage?(5) what does the writer mainly tell us?3. 目的类主旨大意题。 这类题目要求学生在理解全文的基础上推断出作者写文章的目的。(1) the passage is meant to _. (2) the purpose of this article is _.二、主旨大意题的解题技巧 主旨大意题作为一种中考常见题型,我们要如何应对呢？ 做此类题目时,首先要明确是针对某一段还是全文提问,可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉,进行综合归纳,概括文章的主题。如有标题,标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。同时,任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的。因此,许多文章中都有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。另外,提出文章主旨时常伴有文字提示如:therefore, thus, but, however, in short . 那么我们具体要如何操作呢？(1)主题句常常出现在文章首段或结尾处,作为对文章的总结。尤其要注意首尾呼应的句子,这类句子极有可能就是中心句。因此,我们要仔细阅读文章的前两句即文章的主题句,或辅以阅读各段的前两句即段落中心句。此方法多适用于说明文和议论文。(2) 记叙文等需要通读全文,抓住关键事或论题来归纳意思(常说明一个道理)。(3) 语义转折处的句子。有些句子看似是主旨句,但后边是语义的转折(如but, however引导的句子),此时就需要注意作者通常会使用这种方式引出自己真实的想法,也就是本文的中心所在。(4) 全文末尾(段)找答案。此类文章的特点是以列举事实开头,通过论证,最后阐述核心观点。 另外,我们在处理这类题时,我们还要注意以下问题:(1)在处理标题类主旨大意题时,要避免下列三种错误:概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,从而导致范围太小)；过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；以事实或细节代替抽象的大意。(2)寻找主题句从而抓住全段的中心思想。一般说来,主题句常见位置是段首第一句或第二句,但也有可能在段尾或段中。可以将此类题目作为最后一道题去做,因为做其他题会对主旨的理解有所帮助；着重理解首末段,首末句；主旨在文章中间的情况(非文首文尾),遇到文章前后段意思转折,提高警惕。概括全文寻找文章的中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的,各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。 下面,我们根据几个例子来进一步理解主旨大意题:例1:in germany there are different kinds of high schools. some prepare students for workers, others prepare them for college. all schools are great places for making friends and learning german.short daysmost high schools in germany begin at about 8:00 am and end at about 3:30 pm this means your morning will be busy with classes. you will have time to do homework and take part in private(私人的) clubs after school.formal settingin germany, teachers and students relationship is more formal than you might be used to. teachers are respected and students must use the formal sie (德语,您)when talking to teachers.getting to schoolmost students take public transport to school or ride a bicycle. some areas have school buses. it is not common for parents to drive students to school.private clubsin many countries, schools offer official sports and after-school activities. this is less common in germany. after-school activities are usually organized through private clubs. there are clubs for things like soccer, dance, choir, theatre and almost everything else. once you are in germany, ask around at school and talk to other students to find out what private clubs are in your area and meet your interests.different states, different schoolseach of germanys 16 states has its own slightly different school systems. the school system in brandenburg will be a little different from the system in bavaria for example. where you live, your knowledge level and your age will decide what school you can attend.(2011年连云港卷b篇)37. what can be the best title for this article?a. german private clubs b. german public transportc. german high schools d. german college 解析: c 本文主要介绍了德国高中生活的基本情况, 时间安排和课外活动等等。可见文章体现的主要对象是德国高中,而非其他选项中的内容。所以答案为选项c。例2:everyone has got two personalities (性格) the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. you dont show your secret personality when youre awake because you can control yourself, but when youre asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. in a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions. the important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep. if you go to sleep on your back, youre a very open person. you normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas. you dont like to make people unhappy, so you never express your real feelings. youre quite shy and you arent very confident.if you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets. you worry a lot and youre always easily becoming sad. you never want to change your ideas, but you are satisfied with your life the way it is. you usually live for today not for tomorrow.if you sleep on curled up (蜷缩), you are probably a very nervous person. you have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive. youre shy and you dont usually like meeting people. you like to be on your own.if you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced (平衡的) personality. you know your strengths and weaknesses. youre usually careful. you have a confident personality. you sometimes feel worried, but you dont often get unhappy. you always say what you think, even if it makes people angry.(2011年河南卷b篇)55. what does the passage tell us?( )a. sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping. b. changing positions will cause sleeping problems.c. sleeping positions show peoples secret personalities. d. enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.解析:c 本文主要介绍了睡觉的姿势与人隐藏的性格之间的关系。文章首段的第二句话就表明人睡觉的姿势能够体现真实的自我,随后又进行了详细的解释。所以根据全文来看,答案为选项c。 小试牛刀a（本文词数:260参考时间:443）most teenagers need about eight to nine hours of sleep each night. but many of us have trouble sleeping. if we dont sleep well, it can affect1 our performance in sports, and it can also cause health problems. here are some ideas on how to have a good sleep:be active during the day.you may have noticed how active little children are during the day, and how well they sleep at night. physical activities can help you reduce stress and make you more relaxed. exercise at least one hour every day can help you sleep well. just dont do exercise too close to bedtime, because exercise wakes you up and stops you from feeling sleepy. keep a sleep routine2.going to bed at the same time every night helps the body expect sleep. that means if you sleep at 8:00 every night, your body will know that 8:00pm is the time to sleep. so keeping a sleep routine helps you have a good sleep. you can also do some reading, listen to music, or do anything else that relaxes you before you sleep. expect a good nights sleep.stress can keep you awake. you should be relaxed before you go to bed. dont worry that you wont be able to sleep, just tell yourself that you can have a good sleep. say tonight, i will sleep well several times during the day can help a lot. （notes:1. affect v.影响2. routine n.常规）阅读短文,选择正确的答案。（词数:130 处理时间:315）1. what is the passage mainly about?（ ）a. teenagers need plenty of sleep at night. b. some exercise can help you sleep at night.c. you should try to relax before you go to bed. d. ways to have a good sleep at night.2. what is the best title for this passage? （ ）a. how to sleep better b. expect a good sleepc. sleeping problems d. sleep on time3. the main idea of the third paragraph is that _. （ ）a. going to bed at the same time each night helps you sleep well.b. 8:00 pm is the best time to sleep each night. c. do something to relax before you go to bed.d. doing exercise every day can help you to have a very good sleep.bthis is not a dietits a simple way to lose weight. and you dont even have to give up the food you love or join a gym.you just follow some habits that thin people have. keep them，and youll become thin (1) wake-up when you wake up in the morning, sit up slowly without using your hands. with legs straight out，bend(弯曲) forward until you feel sore in your back. it will burn about 10 calories(热量单位:卡路里) (2) start with soup when you have a meal, order a clear soup, and have it before having the main food. in this way, youll feel fuller, so youll eat less when the main food comes(3)an apple (or more) a day apples are full of fiber(纤维) and water, so your stomach will want less. the study shows that people who eat at least three apples a day lose weight(4)stand up and walk around every time you use the mobile phone, stand up and walk around. heavy people sit on average(平均) two and a half hours more each day than thin people. this skill is very important as standing up and walking around will burn 50 or more calories. use these skills, and you will have a big weight loss( ) 1. what should we have first if we want to eat less main food? a. ice cream b. soup c. salad d. cheese ( ) 2. why does eating apples make ones stomach want less food? a. because apples are full of fiber and water b. because apples are sour c. because apples are delicious d. because only apples are filled with calories ( ) 3. which of the following may the author disagree? a. sitting up slowly without using your hands helps burn calories b. eating apples every day is good for peoples health c. you have to join a gym if you want to lose weight d. its good to walk around while talking on the mobile phone( ) 4.whats the purpose of the passage? a. to give some advice on how to lose weight b. to advice people to eat apples every day c. to tell people how to enjoy a better life d. to advice people to give up bad habits( ) 5.in which part of a newspaper would you most probably read the passage?a. shopping b. teaching c. family d. health健康 section a: 中考提示:2011年湖南省长沙市中考书面表达：近年来,中小学