2012通用考博完型、改错、语法课程讲义.doc

2012通用考博完型、改错、语法课程讲义第一章：概况第三章：完形填空专项练习1、Passage 3(1)(2)(3) (2004清华大学)For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the 61 of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel 62 to go to bed and pleased when the journey 63 . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed 64 earlier than usual. When I 65 my cabin, I was surprised 66 that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected 67 but there was a suitcase 68 mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet 69 ，except that he was wearing 70 good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not 71 whoever he was and did not say 72 As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered 73 as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a 74 was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten 75 the door, so I got up 76 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 77 the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 78 there. It took me a minute or two to 79 the door myself. I realized that my companion 80 through the window into the sea.61A. reason Bmotive Ccause Dsake62A. tired enough Benough tired Cenough tiring Denough tiring63A. is achieved Bfinish Cis over Dis in the end64A. quite Brather Cfairly Dsomehow65A. arrived in Breached to Carrived to Dreached at66A. for seeing Bthat I saw Cat seeing Dto see67A. being lonely Bto be lonely Cbeing alone Dto be alone68A. like Bas Csimilar than Dthe same that69A. in each place Bfor all parts Csomewhere Danywhere70A. a so Bso Csuch a Dsuch71A. treat together well Bpass together well Cget on well together Dgo by well together72A. him a single word Bhim not one word Ca single word to him Dnot one word to him73A. up me Bup myself Cup to myself Dmyself up74A. draft Bvoice Cair Dsound75A. to close Bclosing Cto have to close Dfor closing76A. to shut Bfor shutting Cin shutting Dbut shut77A. while doing like that Bas I did like that Cas I did so Dat doing so78A. It was no one BThere was no one CIt was anyone DThere was anyone79A. remind to lock Bremember to lock Cremind locking Dremember locking80A. had to jump Bwas to have jumped Cmust have jumped Dcould be jumped4、定语从句（1）1. The professor and her achievement _ you told me about are admired by us all A. who B. which C. that D. whom5. This is the best book _ on the subject. A. which there is B. that there is C. which is D. what is 2. I dont suppose anything happens _ he doesnt foresee. A. that B. which C. what D. as 5、定语从句练习 Unit1（1）15. This is the shop _ I often speak to you.A. where B. which C. of which D. in which16. This is the shop _ I often buy food stuff.A. where B. which C. of which D. to which10. There cant be any life on Venus, _ the temperature is as high as 900F.A which B when C. where D there31. I have kept up a friendship with a girl who I was at school _twenty years ago.A. about B. since C. till D. with6、定语从句（2）-三个重要的关系代词 3. Such people _ know Tom thought he was a trustworthy man.A. that B. which C. as D. what As引导定语从句： eg. He is honest as we know.As we know he is honest.Passage 1Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 3 ，following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical.As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 13 ，with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing .Passage13Families have also 13 changes these yearsmore families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14 ，children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 .13A. survived Bnoticed Cundertaken Dexperienced14A. contrarily Bconsequently Csimilarly Dsimultaneously15A. than Bthat Cwhich Das16A. system Bstructure Cconcept Dheritage2. I dont suppose anything happens _ he doesnt foresee. A. that B. which C. what D. as3. Such people _ know Tom thought he was a trustworthy man.A. that B. which C. as D. what 11. The reason_ he died was lack of medical care.A. which B for that C as D why14. We may encounter situations _ this principle cannot be applied.A. where B. which C. what D. as 7、定语从句练习 Unit1（2）10. There cant be any life on Venus, _ the temperature is as high as 900F.A which B when C. where D there25. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds _ his argument in favor of the new theory.A. which to base on B. on which to base C. to base on which D. which to be based on23. They will move into the new house next Friday, _ it will be completely furnished.A. by the time B. by which timeC. by that time D. by this time20. The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree _ the students potentiality is developed.A. of which B. with which C. in which D. to which26. Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions, _ have been mentioned in previous pages.A. a few of B. a few of which C. a few of that D. a few of them8、完形填空的出题方向（1） passage 5 Are you always sure you know what people mean when they try to describe their feelings to you? We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is the these words and gestures can be interpreted in different waysIt is true that a smile means the same things in any language. So 51 laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the 52 feeling. Does, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably 53 such behavior patterns are inherited rather than 54 .Fear is another emotion that is shown in 55 the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English fiction, a phrase like he went pale and began to tremble suggests that the man is 56 very afraid or has just had a very nasty shock. However, he opened his eyes wide is used to suggested anger in Chinese 57 in English it conveys surprise. In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like they stretched 58 their tonguesSticking out your tongue in 59 is an insulting gesture or expresses disgustEven in the same 60 , people differ 61 their ability to interpret and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men 62 recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on peoples faces. Disgust, contempt and suffering seem to 63 the most difficult emotions for people everywhere either to recognize or to 64 Other studies have 65 that older people usually find 66 easier to interpret body language （the way people stand or move etc.）than younger people 67 , and psychologists such as E. GBeier have also shown that some people frequently give completely the wrong impression of 68 they feel. For instance, they try to show affection but in fact actually communicate dislike. Or when they want to show interest, they give the impression that they dont care. This can happen even among close friends and members of the same family. In 69 words, what we think we are communicating through language, voice, face and body movements may be the exact 70 of what other people understand9、定语从句练习 Unit1（3） 14. We may encounter situations _ this principle cannot be applied.A. where B. which C. what D. as 10、what从句的特点 9. _ makes it rather disturbing was arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.A. That B. What C. Which D. Where15. When reports came into London Zoo _ a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.A. what B. as C. which D. that10. _ , Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the governments economic policies.A. Although not being an economist himselfB. Although not an economist himselfC. Although not having been an economist himself D. Although being no an economist himself11、than引导定语从句的情况 7. A microscope can reveal vastly _ detail than is visible to the naked eye.A. than B. than more C. more than D. more6. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than _ in the public today.A. exists B. exist C. existing D. existed. children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 .15A. than Bthat Cwhich Das12、as引导定语从句的情况（1） 7. _, he still retained the use of all his faculties.A. Because he was old and weak B. As he was old and sickC. Unless he was old and sick D. Old and sick as he wasAlthough he is a child, he can work out the problem.As引导倒装时，必须省冠词。第三章：完形填空的基本规则1、完形填空出题方向（2）The history of AfricanAmericans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated 61 an ongoing struggle against 62 and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle 63 as an upward movement is 64 toward ever more justice and opportunity.61A. like B. as C. for D. with 62A. charity B. clarity C. cohesion D. oppression 63A. charting B. charts C. charted D. to chart 2、完形填空出题方向（3）It is true that a smile means the same things in any language. So 51 laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the 52 feeling. Does, tigers and humans, for example, of ten show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably 53 such behavior patterns are inherited rather than 54 重点语法：e.g. The Hyper Dash, introduced recently from Wild Planet, is a (59)_ in point. 答案：59. case第四章：重要语法现象1、三大非谓语动词（1）逻辑主语问题 12. After seeing the movie, _.A. the book was read by him.B. the book mad him want to read it.C. the reading of the book interested him. D. he wanted to read the book分词的逻辑主语名词或代词主格I was angry for Toms been late._ been late, I was angry.2、三大非谓语动词（3）分词在句中的成分 动名词和现在分词作表语的区别：如：The boy is sleeping.Seeing is believing.3、Unit 5 动词不定式练习 e.g. to think、to imagine1. To think I originally wanted to take five courses this term!A. I couldnt have managed five courses.B. To think I ate all five courses.C. I thought you wanted to take five courses.D. I didnt think I could graduate in five terms.6. To think I trust you!A. I never trusted you.B. I think I can trust you.C. I thought you trusted me.D. I was wrong to have trust you.7. To think he used to be overweight.A. He doesnt think he is overweight.B. He thinks about his weight too much.C. He is trying to gain weight.D. He isnt overweight anymore. Only to do 结果却, 往往7Danis Hayes raised the essential paradox and asked how people could have fought so hard against environmental degradation_themselves now on the verge of losing the warAonly found Bfinding only Conly to find Dhave only found 4、2008年北大真题 21“What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I dont know. But its about time_on something”AId decide BI decided CI decide DIm deciding 22_a ticket for the match, he can now only watch it on TV at homeAObtaining not BNot obtaining CNot having obtained DNot obtained 23How can I ever concentrate if you_continually_me with silly questions?Ahave, interrupted Bhad, interrupted Care, interrupting Dwere, interrupted 24. As it turned out to be a small house party, we_so formallyAneed not have dressed up Bmust not have dressed up Cdid not need to dress up Dmust not dress up 25_is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposalsAThat BIt CThis DAs 26It is not so much the language_the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understandAbut Bnor Cas Dlike 27._human problems that repeat themselves in_life repeat themselves in_literatureA/, /, the B/, the, / CThe, / , / DThe, the, the 28He is not under arrest, _any restriction on himAor the police have placed Bor have the police placed Cnor the police have placed Dnor have the police placed 29He was_to tell the truth even to his closest friendAtoo much of a coward Btoo much the coward Ca coward enough Denough of a coward 5、无题完型 Passage 4 (2002湖北大学) Many countries will not allow cigarette advertising in their newspapers of on TVespecially since the advertisements are usually written with young people in mind, In 51 of advertising, the tobacco companies have begun to sponsor sports events. They give money to football, motor racing, tennis and a 52 of other sports on condition 53 the name of the cigarette is mentioned. This is now causing concern, because it does exactly 54 many ads tried to do suggest that 55 has some relation with being strong and athleticIn all this, the point of view of the non-smoking has to be considered, as 56 “I wish the smokers would stop 57 the air. I wish I could eat in a restaurant 58 having to smell cigarette smoke. ” It has been calculated that, in a room 59 a large number of people are smoking, a 60 will breathe in the equivalent of two or three cigarettes during an evening. In fact, non-smokers are now a majority in many western countries. More and more people are giving 61 the habit, discouraged by high prices, influenced by anti-smoking advertisingor just aware that smoking is no 62 really a polite thing to doFaced 63 lower sales, the western tobacco companies have begun to look for markets out-side their own countries, They have begun 64 campaigns to persuade young people in developing countries 65 smoking American or British or French cigarettes is a sophisticated western habit, 66 they should copy. As a 67 more and more young people are spending the little money they have 68 a product which the West recognizes as 69 and no longer wants. The high number of young smokers in India, in South America and in South-East Asia will be 70 of tomorrows problemsPassage 4答案51terms 52. lot 53. that 54. what 55. smoking/tobacco 56follows 57. polluting 58. without 59. where 60. non-smoker 61up 62. longer 63. with 64. launching 65. that 66which 67. result 68. on/ buying 69. harmful 70. one 6、知识点复习（1） 7、知识点复习（2） What-可以引导不完整的从句；8、虚拟语气一-if条件句的虚拟语气 主句 从句与过去情况相反 would have done had done / been与现在情况相反 would do did / were与将来情况相反 would do were to / should6. The business is risky. But _, we would be rich.A. should we succeed B. would we succeedC. might we succeed D. could we succeed5. _ today, he would get there by Monday.A. If he left B. Was he to leaveC. Were he to leave D. If he leaves16. _ the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.A. Had it not been for B. Were it not forC. Had it not been D. Should it not be38. _ for you