课件+练习2017年中考英语题型专题三-阅读技能第四讲　阅读技能第一节.doc

第四讲阅读技能第一节选择型,怀化五年中考命题规律及趋势年份文体话题具体内容段落词数生词数量2016A图表说明文两本名著介绍西游记和皮特潘的作者、书价及内容294词2B记叙文故事我和爷爷钓鱼时，爷爷教我做人之道6246词4C记叙文梦想经过10年的努力，被认为是“童话”的飞行员实现梦想6223词6D说明文人物介绍2015年获得诺贝尔医学奖的中国科学家屠呦呦4169词52015A说明文咨询建议普及中小学生安全教育知识7约187词6B图表时政新闻国家主席习近平访问莫斯科，参加二战胜利日阅兵式1约31词4C图示标志公共场所规章禁止游泳的标志12/D说明文热点话题介绍怀化的高铁建设2约100词42014A说明文咨询建议新$课$标$第$一$网18岁之前让你的生活充满乐趣，要做的事情5约250词4B图表新闻马来西亚航班失事来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K122词/C图表新闻南亚前总统曼德拉逝世147词3D图示标志公共场所规章湿地提醒13词/E图表广告图表学生营养午餐食物指南129词32013A说明文咨询建议乱闯马路者也要受到惩罚5约220词5B图表新闻钓鱼岛问题使中日关系变得更糟130词2C图示标志公共场所规章禁止左拐14词/D图示标志节日广告中秋节吃月饼18词/E图表广告图表琼天电影院的放映322词/2012A说明文咨询建议校车安全受到国家重视7约220词w w w .x k b 1.c o m8B图示标志公共场所规章禁止狗在这儿散步新 课 标 第 一 网12词/C图表新闻泰坦尼克号失事周年纪念152词2D图表人物生平中国人民解放军领导人之一滕代远的生平简历4485怀化近5年考查选择型的阅读技能均在第一节，2013和2014有五篇，其他年份有四篇，选择型阅读技能文体丰富，涉及应用文和说明文，也有记叙文，话题多样，涉及学生安全、健康问题，广告图表热点话题等。选择型阅读技能以考查细节理解题为主，少量涉及推理判断题。文章词性不定，主要取决于文体，应用文词数大约在250词之间，说明文和记叙文词数在100250之间，生词数量在10个以内，但大多数已在短文中注出翻译。,解题方法与技巧阅读技能是考查学生能力的一种重要方式，主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。考生只有较快地读懂材料，抓住短文大意，获取关键信息，才能对阅读问题作出正确的判断。要高效地做好阅读技能题，必须分清类型、对症下药，还要运用一定的解题技巧，才能将各类阅读问题轻松搞定。一、阅读原文，理解大意首先通读原文，捕捉文中所提供的信息，抓住文章大意，理清文章脉络。二、审读题目，正确判断读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个问题的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词，然后寻找该关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落，依据短文内容对试题所给出的问题判断得出正确答案。常见阅读技能的考查方式有以下几种形式：细节理解题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；主旨大意题；标题归纳题。三、重读原文，复读检查完成各个小题后必须将短文重读一遍，加深对短文的理解，在此基础上对每一道题中似是而非的句子，一定要重新认真识别。Every year since 1996，on the last Monday of the last week in March，the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students(全国中小学安全教育日) is held.This year it falls on March 30.It offers us a chance to learn more rules about school safety.A survey shows that the worst accidents were a result of stampedes，fires and traffic.Experts suggest that right safety ways could avoid 80% of these accidents.When facing an accident，the first and most important rule is to stay calm(冷静)But different accidents mean different ways of dealing with them.A stampede happens in a place where a lot of people are gathered(聚集)When students around you begin to push，stand still(不动地) and hold onto something，or stay in a corner.When theres a fire，stay calm and follow teachers instructions.Leave the classroom and use a piece of cloth to cover your mouth and nose so that you dont breathe in smoke.If you take a school bus on your way home or to school，remember to fasten(系牢) your seatbelt and dont walk around when the bus is moving.If you walk to school or go by bike，follow traffic rules.()1.When is the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students held every year?AOn the last Monday of the last week in March.BOn the last Monday of the first week in March.COn March 30.()2.When facing an accident，the first and most important rule is that you should _Arun awayBstay calmCstand still()3.The underlined word “stampede” in the passage means _A踩踏 B溺水 C房屋倒塌()4.Which of the following is True according to the passage?AYou should deal with different accidents in the same way.BStand still and hold onto something，or stay in a corner if a stampede happens.CExperts suggest that right safety ways could cause 80% of these accidents.()5.Whats the best title of this passage?AThe worst accidents in schoolBTraffic rules to followCRules to remember to stay safe in school旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了国家设立全国中小学安全教育日，并介绍了一份关于最严重事故的调查(如踩踏、火灾、车祸等)以及防止这些事故发生的一些建议。1A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：全国中小学安全教育日在每年什么时候举行？根据第一段内容：Every year since 1996，on the last Monday of the last week in March，the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students is held.(自从1996年以来每年3月份最后一周的最后一个星期日举行全国中小学安全教育日)故A项正确2B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：当面对一个事故，第一和最重要的规则是你应该保持冷静。根据第四段内容：When facing an accident，the first and most important rule is to stay calm.故B项正确。3A【解析】词义猜测题。 本题考查“stampede”的意思，A.踩踏，B.溺水，C.房屋倒塌。根据句意可知：A项正确4B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章，下列哪种说法是正确的？根据第五段内容：When students around you begin to push，stand still and hold onto something，or stay in a corner.可知B项正确。5C【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇文章最好的标题是什么？A.学校里最糟的事故，B.交通规则要遵守，C.学校里需要记住的保持安全的规则。从整篇文章看，主要是讲学校安全规则。,考点：细节理解题方法突破：细节题要小心同义不同句。利用题目的关键词，寻找文中对应词，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，对号入座。这类试题是针对文章中的细节而设计的，如文章中某一个特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图表、图形来表示信息等。要求学生根据对短文的理解，直接选择正确答案，一般在通读短文后可直接找出答题依据，难度较小，属浅层理解题。考点：推理判断题方法突破：根据文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、文章论调和倾向进行推断：(1)要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，忠实于原文，由已知推及未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。(2)考生在吃透文章字面意思的基础上，再从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索。(3)了解文章的体裁、题材和文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意，要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构等。考点：词义猜测题方法突破：根据前后的比较对照关系，对它的定义(插述)、重述以及举例等进行猜测或者利用同位语、同义词及构词法等进行猜测。解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧：(1)根据上下文来猜测词义；(2)通过同义词或反义词来猜测词义；(3)通过构词法来猜测词义；(4)通过定义或释义来猜测词义；(5)通过句法功能来猜测词义；(6)根据转折、因果关系等来猜测词义；(7)根据生活常识来猜测词义等。对于这类题目采取“代入法”也十分有效，即将备选答案逐一代入文中，哪一个选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，那个选项就是该题的正确答案。考点：主旨大意题方法突破：从文章的首、尾句(段)寻找主题句或纵观全文归纳总结出文章的主旨大意。做主旨大意题，要求在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心意思。在文章的段落中往往由开头的一句作为主题句来概括该段的中心意思。但在不少文章或段落中如本篇文章，中心思想贯穿在全文中。此类题主要针对主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次(主题句或主题段)、作者的写作目的等方面，要求考生在准备理解全文后，归纳短文要点、概括中心思想。考点：标题归纳题方法突破：对于标题归纳题，此类题型主要考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。(1)以原文为依据，不掺杂个人意见；(2)不选对的，只选最适合本篇文章的；(3)注意绝对化的词；(4)答案要避免以点带面，以偏概全；(5)“傻瓜”原则，文章中没有提到的就当作不知道，不要妄自猜测，一切以文章内容为准。怀化近5年没有考查过数字计算题，此处省略不讲。现学现用Passage 1三种鱼面对危险的不同生活态度(2016泉州中考)There were three big fish in the lake.One of them，Demo，was wise；another one，Jimmy，was halfwise, Martin，the third one，was stupid.Some fishermen came to the bank of the lake with their nets.The three fish saw them.Demo decided at once to leave，to make the long and difficult trip to the ocean.He thought，“I wont discuss with these two about this.They love this place so much that they call it home and will stay on.How silly they are！They still havent realized we are in great danger now.Their ignorance will cost them their lives.”Seeing the wise fish had left，Jimmy thought，“My guide has gone and now Ive lost my chance to escape.”He felt sorry for it and then thought，“What can I do to save myself from these men and their nets？Perhaps I should pretend(假装) to be already dead，giving myself totally to the water.”So he did that.He went up and down with the water，helpless，within arms reach of the fishermen.“Look at this！The best and biggest is dead.”One of the men lifted him by the tail，and threw him up on the ground.He rolled(滚动) over and over and moved secretly toward the water，and then，back in.The third fish was aimlessly jumping about，trying to escape with his speed and cleverest.The net，of course，finally closed around him，and as he lay in the hot fryingpan bed.He thought“If I get out of this，Ill never live again in the limits of the lake.Next time，the ocean！Ill make it my home.”( B )1.The passage is a_AdiaryBstoryCnotice( C )2.The underlined word“ignorance”in the passage means“_”in Chinese.A冲动 B勇气 C愚昧( B )3.Jimmy thought that he could escape from the fisherman by_Atravelling to the oceanBpretending to be deadCjumping here and there( C )4.Who was caught by the fisherman at last?ADemo. BJimmy. CMartin.( A )5.What can we learn from the passage?AIt is important to make proper changes in time.BGood chances are always given to the honest.CThe stupid can also succeed with great efforts.Passage 2(2016常德中考)While I was waiting for my wife outside her office building，I saw a beggar coming to me.“I hope he wont ask me for any money”I thought.He didnt.He came and sat in front of the bus stop，but it seemed that he didnt have enough money to take the bus“Thats pretty car，”he said after a few minutes，pointing to my car.I gave him a smile and went on cleaning my car.He sat there quietly as I worked.“Do you need any help？”I asked.“Dont we all？”he said.The three simple words surprised me and I should never forget.I was feeling successful and important above a beggar in the street，until those three words hit me like