托福名人例子.docx

PersistentFranklin D Roosevelt contracted Polio at the age of 39.He fought the disease with tremendous courage and persistence. (富兰克林罗斯福 小儿麻痹)Beethoven nearly lost his hearing in his later life. Despite his deteriorating conditions , he remained optimistic and composed several masterpieces, including the famous Symphony NO.9,completed three years before his death.(贝多芬)In 1996，Lance Armstrong was diagnosed with advanced testicular cancer, which had spread to his lungs and brains. Doctors said he had no more than a 50% chance of survival. He had one testicle removed and underwent chemotherapy. One year later, he returned to cycling to win seven Tour de France championships. 兰斯阿姆斯特朗 美国职业自行车赛选手Hard workBalzac worked 15 hours a day for a decade. The result was a collection of more than 90 novels collectively titled The Human Comedy.(巴尔扎克)Marie Curie and her husband obtained a gram of Radium from 8 tons of pitchblende in 7years.LuckRoentgen accidentally discovered a mysterious radiation which can expose films kept in a dark laboratory. The discovery was the world-famous X-rays, which won him the first Nobel Prize in physics.（伦琴）Archimedes, great Greek mathematicians and engineer, discovered the Floating Body Principle when getting into a bathtub full of water.（阿基米德） Alexander Fleming, Scottish biologist, accidentally discovered that a culture was contaminated by a fungus, which destroyed all surrounding bacterium. The discovery was the legendary penicillin.(弗莱明青霉素)CreativenessAt the turn of the 20th century, American automobile producers believed that cars should be a luxury only for the rich. Defying the conventional wisdom. Henry Ford produced Model-T, the first affordable mass-produced car. Over 15 million Model Ts had been sold.Steve Jobs, at the age of 21, assembled the first Apple computer in his parents garage. Later, he designed Mac, the first commercially successful personal computer with a mouse and a graphic interface. After returning to Apple, he designed and marketed wildly successful products, e.g. i-Pod and i-Mac, which saved the Apple from bankruptcy. Larry Page and Sergey Brin invented the Page Rank technology, which determines a websites ranking by the numbers of websites linking to it and their importance. This method was a considerable improvement on the previous one, which determines a web sites importance simply by counting how many times the search request appears on it.( 拉里佩奇谢尔盖布林 谷歌创始人)EmulationBill Gates is famous for his ability of improving on existing ideas and making the most of them. MS-DOS was an improvement on DOS, a product of the Seattle Computers. Windows borrowed a great deal from the Mac. And the Internet Explorer was the copy of the Netscape.Baidu, the most influential search engine in China, copied Googles searching technology and its business model. But due to its China-focused marketing strategy, it has surpassed in the Chinese mainland market.TeamworkMichael Jordan had not won a single championship in his first 6 years in NBA. After the Bulls recruited some of the best players, e.g. Pippen and Rodman, and adopted the famous Triangle Offense, which puts emphasis on cooperation, they became the most formidable team of the league. They won 6 NBA championships in 8years.Apollo Program ranked among the greatest human achievements in science in the 20th century. In 1969, the program landed Neil Armstrong on the surface of the Moon. The program was a national joint effort on a tremendous scale. About 300 universities, 20000 companies and 300000 individuals contributed to this program.IndividualismIn the last game of the NBA finals in the 1997-1998 season, Michael Jordan scored the last basket, a jump shot with 5.2 seconds left. That shot gave the Bulls an 87-86 victory over the Utah Jazz and their sixth NBA championship. Hannibal, the great general of Carthage, led his troops and several African war elephants across the icy Alps. The march has since become one of the greatest military feats of all time.(汉尼拔 北非古国迦太基Carthage著名军事家)After being defeated by the Allied troops and exiled to a remote island, Napoleon escaped. When a regiment was sent to intercept him, Napoleon approached the troops alone, dismounted the horse, and declared, “Here I am, Kill your emperor, if you will.” The troops surrendered.（拿破仑）Risk/DangerBenjamin Franklin put forward a theory that lightning is electricity. In order to test hies theory , he made a kite and flew it during a thunderstorm.(本杰明富兰克林)Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist and philanthropist, in order to discover a safe explosive, carried out numerous dangerous experiments. In one instance, a major explosion happened, killing five people, including his younger brother.Bill Gates, in his junior year, against the strong opposition of his parents, dropped out of Harvard College to devote all his energy and time to Microsoft, which had been founded only a year ago.Concentration Henry Ford specialized in car-making.Rockefeller made most of his fortune in oil.Bill Gates invested much of his energy and time in Microsoft.The Curies obtained one gram of radium from 8 tons of pitchblende in 7years.Take on new challengesLeonardo da Vinci, is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most versatile man who ever lived. da Vinci made stunning achievements in vastly diverse fields: painting, sculpture, music, science, math, engineering and anatomy(解剖学).Schwarzenegger, an Austrian village boy who migrated to the US and barely spoke English, is living proof of the American Dream: he started as a body builder, became an international movie star, and successfully won the election for the governor of California.( Schwarzenegger=Governor Arnold 阿诺德施瓦辛格)Money Rich people who are successfulSteve Jobs, Warren Buffet, Thomas Edison, Alfred Nobel, Tiger Woods, Yao Ming-These are great people, by hard work, courage and creativeness, created great fortune and made the world a better place to live. They are successful people.Poor people who are successfulVincent van Gogh, one of the most influential painters and pioneer of Expressionism, sold only one painting in his lifetime and was impecunious for much of his life. However, after his death, his paintings sold tens of millions of dollars. His Portrait of Dr. Gachet sold 129million dollars.Karl Marx, after being exiled from Germany, moved to London, making a living by contributing to magazines. It was for the continuous financial support of Engels that Marx could continue his work.Money is not the most important thing Andrew Carnegie, one of the most influential American industrialists and philanthropist, famously commented, “The man who dies rich dies disgraced.” Carnegie devoted the later part of his life to various philanthropic activities. At the time of his death, he had given away almost his entire 350million worth of fortune.Steve Jobs returned to Apple Computers for an annual salary of 1 dollar.Bill Gates promised to donate all his wealth to Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.The Curies, after the discovery of radium, refused to patent it, in the hope that the new chemical could benefit the worlds scientists freely.Influences on PeopleParentsMozart began writing short musical compositions at the age of five and gave his first public performances the same year. His father, a court musician and devoted teacher to his children, had given Mozart musical lessons by the age of three.Goethes father gave Goethe lessons in 5 languages, e.g. German, Latin, Greek, French and English.(歌德) Legend has it that Mencius mother moved thrice to find a community which was beneficial to her sons education.( Mencius 孟子) TeachersPlato was deeply influenced by the teaching of his tutor, Socrates.(柏拉图-苏格拉底)Alexander the Great, one of the most brilliant statesmen and military leaders of all time, received his best education from Aristotle, the great Greek philosopher and scientist. Aristotle gave Alexander a thorough training in rhetoric and literature and stimulated his interest in science, medicine, and philosophy.Helen Keller, who was left deaf and blind by scarlet fever, received an inspiring education from Annie Sullivan, her first teacher. Sullivan taught Keller her first words and how to communicate with others and helped her to break through the walls of isolation.Friends Paul Allen helped Bill Gates to found Microsoft.Steve Ballmer and Bill Gates lived in the same dormitory building in Harvard College. The two almost had nothing in common: Gates was an aggressive and abrasive tech genius and Ballmer had great people skills and business acumen. They became good friends and later Ballmer became Microsofts chief executive officer.Wozniak helped Steve Jobs assemble the first Apple computer and later founded the Apple Company.Larry Page and Sergey Brin, classmates at Stanford, invented the Page Rank technology, which is the basis of . Self-educationAbraham Lincolns parents were illiterate laborers. And he had received almost no formal school education. Lincoln would borrow any book he could get and read them by the fire place in his fathers wooden cabin.Charles Dickens grew up in a destitute family and had to drop out of school at the age of 12 to work in a shoe-polish factory. And his father was imprisoned for unpaid debt.Ap