大二英语复习.docx

第一单元1. The first type of judgment, the type where judging you is the end goal, includes court cases,grades in classes, and most competitions.第一种判断，即把正确地判断一个人作为最终目的的判断，包括法院判决、考试成绩及大部分比赛。2. Its not aimed at producing a correct estimate of any given individual, but at selecting a reasonably optimal set.在此目的不是为了对某个特定的个体作出正确的评估，而是选择合理的最佳组合。3. Our early training and our self-centeredness combine to make us believe that every judgment of us is about.我们早年所受的训练，加上我们总是以自我为中心，使我们认为对我们所作的每个判断都是关于我们本身的判断。4. And curiously enough, taking rejection less personally may help you to get rejected less often. 令人惊奇的是，把被拒绝看得不那么针对个人，能帮助你更少地遭到拒绝。5. If college applicants realized how quick and impersonal most selection processes are, theyd make more effort to sell themselves, and take the outcome less personally.如果大学申请人意识到大部分选择过程是多么迅速、多么不考虑个体需求，他们就会更努力地推销自己，并能更加坦然地对待录取结果。 1.必要太在乎别人对我们的评价，应为他们的评价不一定是客观公正的。(in that; objective) We do not need to care too much about what people say about us in that what they say is not necessarily objective.2. 自身发展，他换了不少工作，并最终找到了适合自己的职位，但他的经历并不适用于每个人。 (for the sake of; apply to) He changed quite some jobs for the sake of his self-development before he finally found a position suitable for him. But his experience does not apply to everyone.3. 在为自己设定目标之前，首先要弄清楚自己需要的是什么，对自己的需要越了解，越容易设定切实可行的人生目标。(figure out; the more the more ) We should first figure out what we rieally need before we set goals for ourselves. The more we know about what we need, the easier it is to set practical goals.4. 大多分雇主关心的不是你自我能力的提升，而是你能为公司做多大贡献。(what ; not but ) What most employers care about is not your self-improvement, but what you contribute to the company.5. 无论结果如何都不要轻言放弃，不能因为一次求职失败就低估自己的能力。(whatever; outcome; underestimate) Whatever the outcome will be, do not give up easily. We should not underestimate our ability / ourselves just because of one failure in seeking employment.第二单元1 They couldnt afford expensive presents, and they didnt want us to think we werent as good as other kids who, on Christmas morning, found all sorts of fancy toys under the tree that were supposedly left by Santa Claus.他们买不起昂贵的礼物，也不想让我们觉得我们比不上别的孩子在圣诞节早上，他们从圣诞树下找到各种各样的新奇玩具，据说是圣诞老人留下的。2 I had a blanket wrapped around me, and when it was my turn, I offered to share it with Dad, but he said no thanks. The cold never bothered him.我当时裹着一床毯子，在轮到我的时候，我要把毯子分给爸爸一些，但爸爸说不用，他从不怕冷。3. Those shining stars, he liked to point out, were one of the special treats for people like us who lived out in the wilderness.他喜欢强调一点：那些闪亮的星星是对像我们这样住在荒野里的人的特别款待。4 The longer you looked and the more your eyes adjusted to the dark, the more stars youd see, layer after layer of them gradually becoming visible.看的时间越久你的眼睛就越适应黑暗，你就可以看到更多的星星。渐渐地它们一层层地呈现在你的眼前。5. Venus didnt have any moons or satellites or even a magnetic field, but it did have an atmosphere sort of similar to earths, except it was super-hot about five hundred degrees or more.金星没有像月亮那样的卫星或其他卫星，甚至没有磁场，但它有着与地球相似的空气，只是它的空气超热，大约有五百度甚至更高。1. 小时候，我住的村庄四周是一片田野，但现在已不见当年的影子，原来的村庄已变成一座现代城镇。(nothing but; what-clause) When I was a child, the village I lived in was surrounded by nothing but open fields. But now nothing remains of the village. A modern city is built on what used to be there.2. 我的童年是在乡下度过的，那时的天很蓝，晚上仰望夜空，能看到无数的星星。(look up to) My childhood was spent in the countryside. At that time the skies were clear. Looking up to the sky at night, I could see countless stars.3. 他上小学时，家境贫寒，总担心同学们会看不起他。事实上，他的担心是多余的，同学们对他都很友好。(look down on sb) His family was poor when he was an elementary school student, and he often worried that his classmates would look down on him. In fact his worry was unnecessary, for all his classmates were friendly to him.4. 每个人在成长的过程中都要经历很多事，大部分被遗忘了，但有些永远印在我们的脑海里。 (while) Everyone is bound to experience a lot of things when growing up, most of which will be forgotten while some will remain in our mind forever.5. 童年是一个五彩斑斓的盒子，里面装着许多美丽的梦想和有趣的回忆。(in which) Childhood is a colourful box, in which are beautiful dreams and interesting memories.第三单元1.ThetwomostimportantbutapparentlyindependentfeaturesaboutvanGoghwhichmostpeopleknowaboutarehisspectacular,almostexplosive,useofcolourandthepoorstateofhismentalhealth.大部分人所知道的凡高的两个最重要但显然互不相关的特点是：他对色彩神奇、几乎具有爆发力的运用以及他糟糕的精神状态。2. VanGoghsoongrewdiscouragedwithhislifeinParis,andmovedtoArlesinthesouthofFrance,where,drawnbythesunshine,hehopedtoestablishanartistscommunity. 凡高很快就对他在巴黎的生活感到气馁，所以他搬到了法国南部的亚尔，那儿的阳光吸引了他，他希望在那儿成立一个画家之家。3.Buttheseveryproductiveperiodswerematchedbymomentswhendespairprevailed,duringwhichhedoubtedhisabilitytocreateaworkofvalue. 但他创作高峰期也是他最绝望的时期，在这段时期他怀疑自己没有能力创作出有价值作品。4.VanGoghsufferedfromepilepsy,anillnesswhichleadstofits,andwhichmayhavebeencausedbyadefectinthebrainatbirth.凡高患有癫痫病，这种病会导致昏厥，可能是因为出生时脑部有缺陷。5.Asartlovers,weacknowledgethatvanGoghproducedsomeofthegreatestpaintingstheworldhaseverknown,andgaveinspirationtosomanylaterartists .作为艺术爱好者，我们承认凡高创作了一些世人所知的最伟大的画作，并为他以后的许多艺术家提供了灵感。1. 虽然我相信这架钢琴值得购买，但我还要考虑一下他的价格，他超出我的预期。(worth doing; yet; beyond expectation) I believe the piano is worth buying, yet I need to consider a while about the price which is beyond my expectation.2. 为了抢救濒临消失的民间艺术，人们举行了宣传活动，呼吁大家制止任何可能危害这些艺术的行为。(publicity campaign; call on; discourage) To save the disappearing folk art, a publicity campaign was launched to call on people to discourage any behaviour that is harmful to the art.3. 尽管我们做了不懈努力，还是有一些伟大的艺术作品流失海外。 (despite) Despite all the efforts we made, some great works of art got lost overseas.4. 她有唱歌的天赋，如果有机会的话，她可能已经成一位著名歌唱家了。(genius; may have done) She is a genius in singing. If she had been given the opportunity, she may have been a famous singer.5. 京剧形成于北京，盛行于20世纪三四十年代，它是具有全国影响 的大剧种之一，具有鲜明的艺术特色。 (Peking Opera; prevail; distinct) Peking Opera, formed in Beijing and prevailing in the 1930s and 1940s, is one of the most influential types of operas in China with distinct artistic characteristics.第五单元1.Americans in the 21st century devote more technology to staying connected than any society in history, yet somehow the devices fail us. 在使人与人保持联系方面，21世纪的美国人投入了比历史 上任何一个社会都要多的技术手段。然而这些手段却辜负了我们。2. We treat socializing as if its a frivolous diversion from the tasks at hand rather than an activity that is essential to our well-being as individuals and as a community.3. 我们把交际当做了手头诸多任务中一个不起眼的小插曲，而不是一项对于我们个人或集体的利益都很重要的活动。3.We may have isolated ourselves without entirely meaning to, but we also have ended up in a place that looks a lot like where we always knew that we were supposed to stand.也许我们孤立自己并非完全出于本意，但是我们最后所处的处境，和我们一直的预期非常相近。4.The truth is that if one can bring oneself to acknowledge loneliness, half the battle is won. It is not an easy half of a battle, however.事实是，如果有人能承认自己孤独，那么这场战役他就赢了一半。但这一半却不是那么容易赢得的。5. Small daily choices whether to go to a local store or order off the Internet, whether to pick up a ringing telephone or let it go to voicemail, whether to get together with a friend or pop in a DVD end up defining ones social world.日常生活中的小选择是去当地的实体店还是在网上订购，是接起正在响的电话还是让对方语音留言，是与朋友聚聚还是自己看光碟最终定义了一个人的社交世界。1. 大城市是他最不愿意居住的地方，因为他无法忍受那里的拥挤的喧闹。（the last placethat;bustling） The big city is the last place that he wishes to live in, for it is so bustling and crowded there that he finds it hard to bear.2. 现代生活的快节奏意味着人们没有更多的时间用于人际交往，因此人与人之间显得很淡漠。(not + present participle hence) The fast pace of modern life means people not having enough time for personal communication; hence the indifference between people.3. 过去邻居们经常互相串门，但现在大家都习惯把自己关在各自的家里，没什么事几乎不来往。(used to stay connected) Neighbors used to visit each other regularly. But now they are used to staying at home and rarely stay connected unless it is essential.4. 轻松和谐的环境会对人的身心健康产生积极的影响。(harmonious; haveeffect on ) A light and harmonious environment has a positive effect on peoples physical and mental health. 5. 我们应该把精力放在工作上，而不是复杂的人际关系上。(rather than) We should focus our attention on work rather than complicated personal relationships.Great artists, it has often been said, have to suffer for their art. History provides us with many examples of artists who suffered mental illness (such as van Gogh) or physical (1) defects_1_. The German composer Ludwig van Beethoven who (2) _dominated 3 the musical scene from the beginning of the 19th century, suffered a complete loss of hearing during his most (3) _productive 9 period.This may have been due to (4) _exposure_ to lead (van Gogh, too, suffered from lead poisoning) but, far from being (5) _discouraged_2_, Beethoven was able to produce his greatest masterpieces when completely deaf. Indeed, many critics see the(6) _intensity_8_ of expression of