人教版（新目标）初中九年级Unit12Youaresupposedtoshakehands期末知识梳理.doc

人教版（新目标）初中九年级Unit 12 You are supposed to shake hands期末知识梳理重要词汇解析1. be relaxed about sth. 对某事随意、不严格【经典例句】They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。2. pretty adv. 相当,很very【经典例句】She is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。3. stick v. 剌 截 n. 棒，棍chopstick 筷子 是由chop(砍)stick(棒)合成，通常用复数形式：chopsticks4. crowd v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是：crowded5.suppose的意思是“猜想、假设”。suppose的后面用that从句表示“猜测、假设”，that可以省略。【经典例句】I suppose he is not yet twenty. 我猜想他不到二十岁。be supposed to的后面用动词原形表示“被期望做某事、应该做某事”的意思，相当于情态动词should。【经典例句】You are supposed to say hello to the foreigners. 你应该跟这些外宾打招呼。6.thank的意思是“感谢”，它可以作名词many thanks（多谢了）。Thanks forThank you for表示“因.而感谢”，thanks for的后面可以用名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。【经典例句】Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。7.except是“除.之外”的意思，不包括所说的东西，即except后面的内容不包含在前面句子所表示的内容之内。【经典例句】I get up early except Sunday.除了星期天之外，我每天起床都很早。（不包含星期天）Nobody was late for the meeting except me today. 今天除了我之外没有人开会迟到。besides的意思是“除了.之外”，但它把besides的后面的内容包含在内，主要是对besides后面的内容加以强调。【经典例句】Five others are late besides me. 除了我之外，还有五个人迟到。（包含我在内）8.maybe是副词，它的意思是“大概、或许”，它经常用在句子的开头表示一种不能确定的猜测。【经典例句】Maybe your father is at home. 或许你爸爸在家。还可以表示为了避免作明确的回答。Can you come to my birthday? 你能来参加我的生日晚会吗？Maybe！可能吧！may be是情态动词may动词原形be构成句子的谓语，情态动词may表示推测，它的意思是“也许、可能”。【经典例句】Our teacher isnt in his office. He may be in the readingroom. 我们的老师不在办公室，也许在阅览室。9.bow动词,鞠躬,弯腰.【经典例句】Bow to the Queen. 向女王鞠躬致敬.At the end of the play all the actors came onto the stage and bowed.终场时,全体演员都走到台前鞠躬致谢.He bowed his thanks.10.greet =to welcome or say “hello”,动词,问候,打招呼.如:【经典例句】He greeted her by saying “good morning”他象她打招呼说 “早上好”.She greeted me with a friendly smile.她向我微笑致意. A beautiful view greeted us.美丽的景色呈现在我们面前.11.wipe 动词,意思是 “擦,擦去.” 常与away, off, up 连用,表示“擦干净.如:【经典例句】Wipe the dirt off your shoes.抹去鞋上的污泥.Wipe up the milk you spilled, please.请抹掉洒出来的牛奶.12.rude 形容词,粗鲁的;无理的.常用词组be rude to sb, 意思是 “对某人无理”如:【经典例句】Its rude to interrupt when people are speaking.打断人家的话是不礼貌的.I think it was rude of them not to phone and say that they werent coming.他们来不了,也不打电话通知一声,太不象话了.13.point 是一个动词,意思是 “指, 指向”.它构成的词组” “point at”意思是 “指向” “对准”.如:【经典例句】“Ill have that one.” She said, pointing at a big chocolate cake.“我想要这个.”她指着一块大的巧克力蛋糕说.重点句型汇总1. In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time? 在你们国家，当人们第一次遇见某人的时候怎么做？2. Where I am from, we are pretty relaxed about time. 我所在的地方，对时间的要求是相当宽松的。3. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can. 我们经常走遍市中心，看尽可能多的朋友。4. If someone invites you to meet them at 4：00，you have to be there at 4:00. 如果有人邀请你4:00见面，那么你必须4点钟到。5. In Switzerland , its very important to be on time. 在瑞士，准时是很重要的。6. We are the land of watches, after all. 毕竟我们是钟表王国。7. Thanks for your message. 谢谢你的信息。8. You are not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread，not even fruit. 除了面包，你不可以用手吃任何东西，即使水果也不行。9. I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but I am gradually gettingused to things, and dont find them too strange any more. 不得不承认，我发现记住一切是非常困难的，但我渐渐习惯了，并且发现它们不再那么奇怪了。10. Can you write in English? And can you also write e-mail in English? Maybe not.你会用英语写作吗？你也会用电子邮件英语写作吗？可能不会。交际用语 1. What are you supposed to do when you meet for the first time? 你们第一次遇见某人的时候怎么做？We are supposed to bow. 我们应该鞠躬。2. What should I say? 我该怎么说？You should say “Thank you”. 你应该说“谢谢你”。重要语法 现在完成时【课文讲解】1.You are supposed to shake hands.Be supposed to do 应该被期望做,当句子的主语是人时,它可以用来表示劝告,建议,义务,责任等,意思是 “to be expected to do sth, or to have to do sth.” 如:Youre supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the classroom.如果你要离开教室,应该先问问老师.We are not to supposed to play football on Sunday.不准我们在星期日踢足球.This is secret and Im not supposed to talk about it.这是秘密,我不应该谈论she is late for class again and she is supposed to say sorry to the teacher.她又迟到了,她应该向老师说对不起.2.Where Im from, we are pretty relaxed about time.我来的那个地方对时间非常放松.句子中的 “Where Im from” 是一个由 “where” 引导的地点状语从句.引导地点状语从句的副词除了where 还有wherever.如:Just stay where you are.就留在你原来的地方.Wherever you are, you can see new factories and stories, new schools and hospitals.无论你走到哪里,你都能见到新建的工厂,商店,学校和医院.3. We are the land of watches, after all!毕竟我们是手表王国.(1)句中的land 是一个名词, “国家” “国土”的意思.如:After living in foreign lands for many years, the man went back home.在外国居住了多年之后,这个人回到了自己的祖国.Land 还可以表示 “陆地” “土壤” “土地”等意思.如We traveled by land until we reached the sea.我们在陆路旅行,一直到大海.(2)句子中的词组 “after all” 意思是 “毕竟”.如:so you see, I was right after all. 你看,毕竟还是我对吧.You decided to come after all.你毕竟还是决定来了.4. In china ,youre not supposed to pick up your bowl of rice.在中国,你不应该端起你的饭碗.Pick up, “捡起;拾起;拿起”.如:A girl picked up a wallet on her way home.一个小女孩在回家的路上捡到了一个钱包.The phone stopped ringing just as I picked up the receiver.我一拿起听筒,电话就不响了.Pick those things up off the floor!捡起地板上的东西.5. My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. 我最大的挑战是学会餐桌上的礼仪.Behave 动词,意思是 “行为举止; 举止”如:The boy behaved very well last night.孩子昨天晚上表现挺好.The teacher encouraged the children to behave well and not to be a discredit to the collective.老师鼓励孩子们表现得好一些,不要给集体丢脸.The little boy behaved with great encourage in the face of gunman.在持枪歹徒面前,这个小男孩表现得极有勇气.它还可以表示 “守规矩;举止适当有礼”的意思.如:Please behave yourself. 请礼貌点儿.Will you children please behave!你们这些孩子们能不能守规矩点.6.I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but Im gradually getting used to things, and dont find them so strange any more.find it difficult to do sth 发现做某事很难it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式to do sthHe finds it difficult to stop smoking.get used to sth/doing = be used to sth/doing【典型考题】1.You are supposed _ hands when you meet for the first time.A. to shake B. shake C. shaking D. shook【答案与解析】答案A。在动词短语be supposed to的后面用动词原形，即be supposed的后面用动词不定式。2.In our country, we are pretty _ about time.A. good B. interesting C. relaxing D. relaxed【答案与解析】答案是D。本句子是考查动词短语的固定搭配用法，be relaxed about是固定搭配的短语表示“对.要求宽松”的意思。3.Your bike is as _ as mine.A. much cheaper B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive【答案与解析】答案是C。在短语as.as的中间用形容词或者副词的原级，所以本空用expensive表示“一样昂贵”的意思。4.We _ go there on foot last night because our car is broken.A. had to B. have to C. must D. has to【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是用动词短语had to表示“不得不”用在一般过去时的句子中。5.Its very difficult for you _ the exam without any help.A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子的it是形式主语，真正的主语是句子后面的动词不定式，所以用动词不定式to pass作主语。【语法详解】现在完成时have(has)+过去分词1现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生活或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。I have lost my wallet.（含义是：现在我没有钱花了。）Jane has laid the table.（含义是：已可以吃饭了。）Michael has been ill.（含义是：现在仍然很虚弱）He has returned from abroad. （含义是：现在已在此地）2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for，since连用。 Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：He has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等：Have you ever been to Beijing? I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等：Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful.6. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作，虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续，但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上for+一段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.（同第2点用法第一个例句）7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。We have had four texts this semester.【中考连线】1.Dont be angry with her, _ she is your mother.A. at first B. by the way C. after all D. in a word解析：答案是C。从本句子的意思“不要生她的气，毕竟她是你的妈妈”可以判断是用短语after all表示“毕竟”的意思。2.Thank you for _ me to your birthday party.A. to ask B. asked C. invite D. inviting解析：答案是D。在动词短语thanks for的后面用动名词形式作宾语。3.We have to learn many other subjects _ Chinese and English.A. beside B. besides C. except D. but解析：答案是B。从句子的意思“我们除了学习语文和英语之外还学习许多其他的课程”可以判断是包含Chinese and English在内的，是对这两个课程进行强调，所以用besides。4.Dont try to fool us. We are not children _A. already B. any more C. after all D. A、B and C解析：答案是D。从句子的意思“别再企图欺骗我们了，我们不再是小孩子了”可以判断用A表示“我们已经不再是”的意思，already可以用在否定句和疑问句中表示惊讶和不耐烦等；用B和前面的not表示“不再是”的意思；用C表示“毕竟我不再是”的意思，所以三个选项都可以。5.Look at that tall man. He _ your new teacher.A. maybe B. really be C. to be D. may be解析：答案是D。本句子是用情态动词may和连系动词的原形be一起作谓语，表示“也许、可能”的意思。本句子的意思是“看那个高个子的男人，他可能是你的新老师”。同步测试题一、请你用所给词的适当形式完成下列句子。1. You are _ (suppose) to shake hands when you meet a Chinese friend.2. Keep your eyes _(close) when you are doing eye exercises.3. A knife is _ (use) for _(cut) things.4. Trees can keep water from _ (run) away.5. Do you still remember_(see) me somewhere in Beijing ?6. Everything was _( familiar ) with me because I was in Japan for the first time?7. Though you failed this time, dont give up_ (study) .You still have a lot of chances.8. _ ( spend ) time with family and friends is very important.9. Remember _(turn off) the light when you leave the room.10. People are pretty _( relax ) about time in Colombia.二、运用基础知识，完成下列句子。A. make noise while eatingB. point at others with chopstickC. say hello to othersD. wipe your mouth after dinnerE. talk loudly at the tableF. kiss or shake handsG. meet without saying anythingH. arrive too lateI. shake hands when you first meet someoneJ. eat while walking in the street1. Its rude to _.2. Its polite to _.三、选择正确答案。( ) 1. - Will you come to the dinner party? - I will not come until Jenny _.A. will be invited B. can be invited C. invited D. is invited( ) 2. John _ Beijing the day before yesterday.A. arrived at B. arrived C. reached to D. arrived in( ) 3.In Switzerland, people _ visit a friends house.A. make plans B. make plans to C. makes plans to D. make a plan( ) 4. Its too hot. Do you mind _ the window?A. my closing B. my opening C. open D. close( ) 5.She _Shanghai next week.A. is leaving for B. leaves for C. leaved D. left( ) 6.What are you nervous _, Mary?A. in B. at C. on D. about( ) 7.We go to school every day _ Saturday and Sunday.A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for ( ) 8.Yang Liwei is proud _ his motherland.A. in B. of C. from D. for( ) 9. I find _ difficult to remember everything, though Im still young.A. that B. this C. it D. what( )10.He _ in his English Test Paper. His teacher was very angry with him.A. makes some mistakes B. make a mistake C. made few mistakes D. made many mistakes四、选择填空When you wave to a friend, you are using sign language. When you smile at someone, you mean to be _1_ when you put one finger in front of your _2_, you mean, “Be quiet.”Yet, people in different countries may use different sign language. Once an Englishman was in Italy. He could _3_ a little Italian. One day while he was walking in the street, he felt 4 and went into a restaurant. When the waiter came, the Englishman 5 his mouth, put his fingers into it and took them out again and moved his lips. In this way, he 6 to say, “Bring me something to eat.” But the waiter brought him a lot of things to 7 , first tea, then coffee, then milk, but no food. The Englishman was sorry that he was not able to tell the waiter he was hungry. He was 8 to leave the restaurant when another man came in and put his hands on his stomach. And this sign was 9 enough for the waiter. In a few minutes, the waiter brought him a large plate of bread and meat. 10 the Englishman had his meal in the same way.1. A. well B. friendly C. fine D. careful2. A. eyes B. legs C. mouth D. head3. A. write B. read C. say D. speak4. A. hungry B. tired C. cold D. ill5. A. pointed to B. reached for C. touched D. opened6. A. needed B. meant C. decided D. had7. A. eat B. watch C. drink D. read8. A. ready B. sure C. again D. afraid9. A. quick B. big C. strong D. clear10. A. At once B. At last C. At first D. At times五、阅读理解(A)Dinner customs (习惯) are different around the world. If you are a guest in Ghana(加纳), this information will help you a lot.In Ghana, dinner is usually from four in the afternoon to six in the evening. But there are no strict rules (规则) about time. Whenever a guest arrives, a family offers food. When you go to a home, the person who receives guests takes you to the living room first. At this time everyone welcomes you. Then you go to the dinning room. There you wash your hands in a bowl of water. All the food is on the table.In Ghana you usually eat with your fingers. You eat from the same dish as everyone else .But you eat from one side of the dish only. It is not polite to get food from the other side of the dish. After dinner, you wash your hands again in a bowl of water.Most meals in Ghana have a dish called fufu. People in Ghana make fufu from the powder(粉末) of some plants. Sometimes they cut the fufu with a saw(锯子) because it is very hard. You must chew(咀嚼) fufu well, or you may get sick. You eat fufu with the fingers of your right hand only.( ) 1.From the passage we know that in Ghana _.A. the rules for dinner time are not strict B. dinner is always at six in the eveningC. a family offers food only at four in the afternoonD. people usually invite their guests to dinner late in the evening( ) 2.If you are a dinner guest in Ghana, the host (主人) always takes you to _.A. the dining room first B. the living room firstC. the kitchen first D. the garden first( ) 3.People in Ghana usually eat _.A. from one side of a dish to the other B. from the other side of the dishC. with their fingers D. with their spoons( ) 4.In fact, most dishes in Ghana _.A. are cooked with the powder of some plants B. have fufu in themC. are too hard to eat D. are not very hard( ) 5.When you eat fufu, youd better _.A. cut it with a saw B. use your right hand onlyC. chew it well D. all of the above (B)In western countries, especially in America, some social customs have lasted still today. For example, ladies first, that is to say, women in those countries are respected in many ways.In the U.S. and Europe, you will see men usually open doors for women and women generally walk ahead of men into a room or a restaurant unless the man have to be ahead of the ladies to choose the table, to open the door of a car or to give other services. On the street, men almost walk or across the street on the side of the ladies which is closer to traffic, but if a man walks with two ladies, he should walk between them.( ) 1. In this passage “customs” refers to _.A. what a group of people usually doB. what people in western countries doC. what people in eastern countries doD. what people in United States do( ) 2. When you address a group of people in English, you will probably begin with _.A. men and women B. women and men C. gentlemen and ladies D. ladies and gentlemen ( ) 3. In which country people may think it strange that men should open doors for women?A. England. B. Italy C. Japan D. Germany.( ) 4. Which of the following statements is not true?A. In Europe, a man