高中英语 module4不定式的用法课件 新人教版必修3.ppt

动词不定式 四 keygrammar 1 不定式的形式 以动词do为例 否定式 not todothepolicemantoldtheboysnottoplayinthestreet toteachenglishismyjob weplantopayavisit heseemstoknowalot 1 一般式 所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后 3 完成式 表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前 whenmothercamein hepretendedtohavefallenasleepbellissaidtohaveinventedthephone 3 完成式 表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前 3 完成式 表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前 theboypretendedtobeworkinghard heseemstobereadinginhisroom tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard toloseyourheartmeansfailure 1 作主语 动词不定式短语作主语时 常用it作形式主语 例如上面两句可用如下形式 itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart herjobistocleanthehall heappearstohavecaughtacold 2 作表语 heseemstohaveknownit you dbettertellhimthetruth 系动词包括be seem appear look等 主要用于系表结构 3 作宾语 a 做动词的宾语常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有agree choose expect fail help hope learnmanage offer plan pretend promise prefer refuse want wish等动词之后 hepromisedtoattendtheparty buthehasnotarrivedyet 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语 can thelpbutdo can tchoosebutdo can tbutdo固定搭配 hegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnenglish 动词不定式与疑问词who how where when whether连用介词或者动词的作宾语 ihavenochoicebuttostayhere hedidnothinglastsundaybutrepairhisbike thereisnothingtodobutwait hedid 助动词 havenochoicebuttowait but充当介词的时候 如果前边的句子中有谓语动词和非谓语动词do时 后边的动词不带to 反之带to 助动词do除外 iknowwheretogotomorrow 4 作宾语补足语 不定式常在want wish ask tell order beg permit help advise persuade allow prepare cause force callon waitfor invite等动词之后充当宾语的补足语 在被动语态中 则为主语的补足语 theteacherencouragedthestudentstosolvetheproblembythemselves宾补 theseriousearthquakecausedmanypeopletobehomeless thestudentswereencouragedtosolvetheproblembytheteacher主补 但有些动词如make let have see find watch observe notice listento hear feel与不带to的不定式连用 但改为被动语态时 不定式要加to 且宾补变成主补 isawhimcrosstheroad hewasseentocrosstheroad 5 作定语 ihaveameetingtoattend ihavealotofthingstobuy hefoundagoodhousetolivein thechildhasnothingtoworryabout hewaslonely becausehehadnofriendstoplaywith 不定式为不及物动词时 应用与之搭配的介词 haveyougotanythingtobuy haveyougotanythingtobebought saidtheservant 如果句子的主语是不定式的执行者 不定式用主动 如果句子的主语不是不定式的执行者 不定式用被动 heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney tocatchtheearlybus hehadtogetupearly 6 作状语 表目的 相当于inordertodosth soastodosth可放在句中 或者句首 ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout helefthishometown nevertobeheardfrom 表结果 常用only连用 1 togotothepartywithjustafloweristosayiampoor2 thejobwasnoteasy butwemanagedtocompleteitintime3 wethoughtitagreathonortobeinvitedtoyourwedding4theoldman sjobistotakecareoftheflowersinthegarden5 mostofhissongscalledontheblackstotakeupstruggleforequalright6 theteachermadetheboycleantheblackboardforaweekasapunishment 主语 表语 宾语 真正的宾语 表语 宾补 宾补 7 thegirlwasseentoenterthesupermarketandbuyhimselfabottleofjuice8 hehadastrangewaytomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting9 tobeateacherofthepeople onemustfirstbetheirpupils10 hewasdisappointedtohavefailedinthejobinterview11irushedtothedoor onlytodiscoverthatitwaslocked 主补 定语 定语 目的状语 原因状语 结果状语 1 iamsorryican tattendyourwedding forihaveanimportantmeeting attend 2 theworkersweremade work overfourteenhoursaday3 yoursuitisabitsmallonyou youseem puton weight4 tomdidnothingbut wait beforehisparentscamehome 5 what sthematterwithtom oh hiscellphonewasleftinataxiaccidentally never find again6 shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped rest onabigrockbythesideofthepath7 didhemanage carry thebooksupstairs no hewasn tstrongenougheven move them8 become ateacherinauniversity youneedtohaveamaster sdegree toattend towork tohaveputon wait tobefound torest tocarry tom tomove tobecome 高考链接 1 nmet charlesisgenerallyconsidered thefirstcomputer a toinventb inventingc tohaveinvented2 nmet robertissaid abraod butidon tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin a tohavestudiedb tostudyc tobestudying c a 3 recorders intheexaminationmustbepreparedwithgreatcaretomakesurenothinggoeswronginoperationa tobeused b usedc toused beingused4 withthemagazine us wewillimproveourlanguagesskillsalothelping b helpedc hashelpedd tohelp5 haveyouheardofanamericanpresidentcalledchestera arthur no heisnotmentionedinmyhistorybookatall heseems a tohavebeencompletelyforgotten b havingcompletelyforgottenc tohavecompletelyforgottend completelyforgetting6 weneedtotakemeasuresinsteadofwaitinghereforthematter tosolveb solvedc tobesolvedd beingsolved a d aa c a 7 heissaid inthestatesforthreeyears nowonderhespeaksenglishsowelltohavestayed btostayc havingstayedd staying8 shanghaiisthefirs