高考题型指导（单项填空Ⅰ）.doc

单选题中常见的“陷阱题”及其应对策略高考英语单项选择试题中常常会设计一些陷阱。下面就如何应对单选题中的“陷阱题”，笔者依据多年经验作了一些总结，以期对大家有所帮助。陷阱一：改变正常的句型结构对策：运用还原法“还原法”主要用来解决一些非正常语序的题目，如被动句、疑问句、感叹句、倒装句、省略句等，我们可以先将其还原为正常语序再来做题。1. Every minute is made full _ of _ English.A. use; study B. useful; to study C. use; to study D. used; studying解析C。将题干还原为：We should make full _ of every minute _ English. 第一空make full use of “充分利用”，是固定搭配；第二空是动词不定式作目的状语。2. Who would you rather _ with you tomorrow, Tom or Smith?A. have to go B. have go C. have gone D. had go解析 B。将题干还原为：You would rather _ Tom (or Smith) _ with you tomorrow.考查would rather do与have sb. do结构。陷阱二：加入干扰成分对策：去掉插入成分这类题往往在题干中加入干扰成分，增加句子的复杂程度，从而达到干扰考生视线的目的。1. He believes in himself, _ in my opinion is of the most importance.A. that B. which C. what D. as解析 B。in my opinion在句中为插入成分，把这个插入成分去掉，很容易看出这是一个非限定性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，指代主句的内容。2. He will tell you _ he expects will win such a match.A. why B. whom C. which D. who解析 D。去掉he expects这个插入成分后，这是一个由who引导的宾语从句。陷阱三：巧设标点符号对策：掌握英语中逗号的作用、常见句子结构及并列连词的用法标点符号在句中的作用是不容忽视的。而从英语的句型结构这一角度来看，它甚至起着决定性作用它决定着句子的单复数形式以及选词造句等诸多问题。1. (1) “You cant catch me!” Jennet shouted and _ away.(2) “You cant catch me!” Jennet shouted, _ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran解析 (1) D。连词and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所选答案应与shouted一致。 (2) B。shouted与后面的动词之间没有连词，用逗号分开， Jennet与动词run之间是主动关系， run和shout这两个动词的动作是同时发生的，所以选现在分词作伴随状语。2. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it.A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom解析 D。前后两个句子用逗号分开而又没有连词连接，则后一句为从句。表示“两者都不”用neither， none用于三者或三者以上的否定。陷阱四：思维定势干扰对策：运用意群及结构分析法划分意群时首先要保证语法和句子结构正确、规范，在此基础上再考虑意思是否完整、通顺。1. Whom was it up to _ the matter?A. decide B. to decide C. deciding D. decided解析 B。 这里考查句型it is up to sb. to do sth.。本句的意群应该这样划分：Whom / was it up to / to decide the matter? 如果不能正确划分意群，则很可能会想当然地误选A项。2. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _ in my study.A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. to be locked解析 C。学生会受思维定势干扰很自然地想到spend time doing sth.结构，因而误选A项。而实际上本句意为：为了不被打搅，我把自己锁在书房里度过了三个小时。本句的意群应该这样划分：I spent three hours/ locked in my study。Locked in my study为过去分词短语作状语。陷阱五：省略或暗设语境对策：补充省略成分，确定正确选项1. What do you think made Mary so happy? _.A. Because of her passing the examB. She passed the examC. Because she passed the examD. Her passing the exam解析 D。“你认为是什么是使玛丽如此高兴？” “她通过了考试（使玛丽如此高兴）”。将本题成分补全后应是：Her passing the exam made Mary so happy.2. I cant find Mr. Morris. Where did you meet him yesterday? It was in the hotel _ he stayed.A. where B. which C. that D. the one解析 A。答语的意思是：昨天我是在他住的旅馆里遇见他的。将本题成分补全后应是：It was in the hotel where he stayed that I met him yesterday. 本句使用了强调句型。陷阱六：利用母语或文化差异进行干扰对策:了解西方文化背景、风俗和思维习惯，掌握不同民族的习惯交际方式； 熟悉句型结构，增强理解能力1. If a northerner lives in the south, he will probably feel that _.A. he doesnt agree to the climate thereB. the climate doesnt agree with himC. he cant agree with the climate thereD. the climate doesnt agree to him解析 B。汉语中一般说“他适应那儿的气候”，而在英语中要用agree with sb.表示“ (气候、食物等)适合某人”。2. Could I use your computer for a few moments, please? _. Im not using it myself.A. Come on B. It depends C. Go ahead D. Thats great解析 C。本题考查学生对两个人谈话内容的理解。go ahead在英语交际语中