21世纪 第三册unit 3.doc

西安理工大学教案学院（部）人文学院外语部课程名称课程代码总学时：学时讲课：学时上机：学时实验：学时学分课程类别必修课（）年级任选课（）院级任选课（）学位课（）授课专业授课班级任课教师职称教学目的和要求教学重点、难点教材和参考书Unit 3Unit OverviewObjectives: By the end of the unit, students will be better able to 1. master the new words and phrases;2. have an idea of the structure of writings;3. practice writing a short composition of about 150 words to argue against the possible objections and persuade people the value of a certain conduct 4. get to know the value of preserving the sense of wonder5. learn to guess the meaning of idiomatic expressions with context cluesPrerequisites:1. Students should read Text A for the main idea before they come to the class sessions.2. Text B should be used for class reading activities. Students should not read Text B before they come to class.Proposed Unit Duration:6 class hours (50 minutes each)Suggested Time: PartSectionPart IPart IIPart IIIText A(20 min.)Warm-up activities(20 min.)Text instruction(120 min.)Exercises(60min.)Pre-readingquestionsBackgroundinformationTextanalysisLanguagepointsReading &writing skillsExercisesText B(20 min.)Text instruction(40 min.)Reading-skills(10 min.)AssignmentsTextanalysisLanguagepointsText CSelf-studySelf-studySelf-studyListening(50 min.)In-class listeningAssignmentsText AI. Warm-up ActivitiesI） Pre-reading QuestionsGet a potted plant and a paper box with a toy or anything amusing inside and have it wrapped so that Ss dont see what it is. Ask Ss to state what it was that sprang to mind respectively when they were looking at the plant and the package. Ask the following questions.1. What did you have in mind when you saw me laying out the plant/package in front of you?2. What did you want to know about the plant/package?3. How would you feel if I now remove the plant/package without explaining anything?II） Background Informationnatural selection The theory of natural selection is based on the idea that living things are in constant competition for limited but essential resources in their environment-such as food, places to hide, and opportunities to breed. Accordingly, natural selection favors any trait that helps an organism or its offspring survive. For example, the daring shown by birds in the face of a predator near the nest involves the risk of death. Nonetheless, natural selection compensates the risk by increasing the offsprings chances of survival.II. Text InstructionI). Text Analysis Part I (paras.1-2) Thesis statement: Children lose their sense of wonder before they reach adulthood and even parents of little knowledge are capable of helping to develop the sense of wonder in their children. Part II. (paras.3-5) Argument: How to preserve or keep alive the sense of wonder. Part III. (paras. 6-9) Argument : What is the value of preserving or strengthening the sense of wonder? II). Language Pointsi). Key Words and Phrases 重点单词: wonder confront release embody contemplate sustain重点词组: preside over influence with not half pave the way for at ones disposal be open to 重点单词1. wonder-n. a feeling of great surprise and admiration caused by seeing or experiencing something that is strange and new 好奇Examples:The sight of the Great Wall stretching out under their feet filled them with wonder.长城在他们脚下延伸的景象使他们的心中充满了好奇.The children watched the magician in silent wonder.孩子们带着沉默的好奇看着魔术师.2. confront-vt.stand or meet face to face; bring face to face 面对,遭遇Examples:Can you think of some typical problems that confront Chinese learning English?你能想出中国人学英语时遇到的几种典型的的难题吗?As she left the court, she was confronted by angry crowds who tried to block her way.当她离开法庭时,她遇到那些要堵住她去路的愤怒的人们.We soon have to confront a fundamental question.我们很快就要遇到一个基础的问题了.3. release-n. freeing or being freed from something that confines 释放,解除Examples:Death is often a welcome release from pain死亡经常被看作是一种对痛苦的解脱.After he resigned, he experienced a strong feeling of release辞职后,他有了一种强烈的解脱感.4. embody-vt.contain and express as an important feature 体现,包含Examples:The latest computer model embodies many new features.最新的计算机模型体现出了很多新特征.His principles were embodied in her behavior.他的所作所为体现了他的原则.5. contemplate-focus of ones thoughts on something, often in a deep, quiet and serious way and for a long time 沉思Examples:She stood there contemplating the painting.她站在那里思考着那副画.He contemplated the problem before he announced his decision.在宣布决定之前他一直在思索着出现的问题.6. sustain-vt. keep alive or in existence 支撑,支持Examples:There must be enough oxygen to sustain life.必须要有足够的氧气才能维持生命.Only the hope that rescuers were getting nearer sustained the trapped miners唯一支撑被困矿工的信念就是救援人员已经越来越近了.重点词组1. preside over-be head of director of; control or be responsible for 主持,掌管Examples:The city council is presided over by the mayor.市议会是由市长来主持的.The government has presided over some of the most significant changes in education in the last decade.最近十年政府在教育方面进行了意义重大的改革.2. influence with -ability to obtain favorable treatment from sb., usu. by means of acquaintance, status, wealth, etc.对某人有影响力Examples:She has great influence with the manager.她对经理有很大的影响力Mu influence with her is not very strong.穆对她的影响力并不强.3. not half-used in informal English to emphasize an opinion or the truth as a statement一点不/没有Examples:Films these days arent half as good as they used to be.现在的电影不如过去的好看了.It isnt half cold here in winter.这里的冬天一点也不冷.4. pave the way (for)-create a situation in which something specified is possible and can happen为做好准备工作/铺平道路Examples:His work paved the way for the new theory.他的工作为新的理论铺平了道路.Data from the probe will pave the way for a more detailed study of Mars.来自探测仪上的数据为更进一步的火星探测做好了准备.5. at sb.s disposal-available for sb. to use as he wishes任由某人处置或支配Examples:I would take you if I could, but I dont have a car at my disposal this week.要是我可以的话我就带你去了,但是这个星期我没有车.If you want some help preparing for the party I can be at your disposal all day.如果你需要帮助的话, 我随时随地都可以帮你进行晚会的准备.6. be open to -be ready and willing to accept and to try and understand or consider乐于接受Examples:We are open to suggestions.我们乐于接受意见.We havent decided on a price, but were open to offers.我们还没有定价,但是我们乐于接受报价.ii). Difficult Sentences1. It is our misfortune that, for most of us that clear-eyed visionthat true instinct for what is beautiful and awe-inspiringis dimmed and even lost before we reach adulthood.(L.2)释义 Its bad that most of us have little or no sense of wonder as we grow up. clear-eyed vision-untainted outlook 译文 不幸的是，对我们大多数人来说，那份透彻的观察力，那种对于美好而令人敬畏的事物的直觉在成年之前就已模糊甚至消失了。分析 本句为that 引导的主语从句，句首的it是形式主语。句中的第一个that是关系代词，引导主语从句；第二三个that是指示代词，用作定语。第三个that是引出的短语又是第一个that短语的同位语。 2 If I had influence with the angels who are supposed to preside over all children, I would ask that their gift to each child in the world be a sense of wonder so indestructible that it would last throughout life.(L.5) 释义If I were able to have the favor of the angels who are believed to control the fate of all children, I would ask them to give each child in the world a lasting sense of wonder that would stay with them when they grow old. 译文 如果我对据说掌管着所有孩子的天使有影响力的话，我会请她们赐予世界上每个孩子一份难以磨灭，持续一生的惊喜之感。 分析 本句为与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，用虚拟语气：条件从句的谓语用过去式，结果主句的谓语用should或would+动词原形。其中，结果主句I would askthroughout life.”又含一个宾语从句，that her giftthroughout life为ask的宾语，该句也使用了虚拟语气：谓语动词用了动词原形be。 so indestructible为形容词短语，修饰a sense of wonder。3it is not half so important to know as it is to feel. (L.19) 释义to feel is certainly more important than to know 译文 感受比知道要重要的多。分析 not half as /soas 一点不/没有a. It was not half as good as that other restaurant we went.b. Films these days arent as good as they used to be. 4It is more important to pave the way for childrens desire to know than to put them on a diet of facts they are not ready to assimilate.(L.33) 释义 It is more important to prepare the children by arousing their sense of wonder than to feed them with a lot of facts which they are not ready to take in. 译文 为孩子的求知欲打好基础比向他们灌输他们不乐意吸收的规定的知识更为重要。 分析they are not ready to assimilate是定语从句，修饰facts. pave the way(for)为铺平道路；为做准备 put sb. on a diet规定食谱，这里是指给与他们规定的学的东西。5. What is the value of preserving and strengthening this sense of awe and wonder, this recognition of something beyond the boundaries of human existence? （L.62）释义 Whats so important about keeping alive and enhancing this feeling for what is beautiful and awe-inspiring, or about this rediscovering of something that we do not think about and appreciate in our daily life?译文 保持并加强这种敬畏和好奇感，保持并加强对人类世界之外的事物的认识，有什么价值呢？分析 this recognition引出的名词短语和this sense of awe and wonder一样是preserving and strengthening的宾语。human existence: human life6. There is something infinitely healing in the repeated refrains of nature-the assurance that dawn comes after night, and spring after the winter.( L.77)释义There is something that has the immense power of making things normal again in the cycle of nature-the rotation of the days and nights, and of the seasons, for which we are certain.译文 在大自然不断反复的循环中，有一种具有无限的治愈力的东西-她向人保证黑夜过后是黎明，冬天过后是春天。分析 refrains of nature指自然的反复循环。the assurance短语是something的同位语。 iii). Exercises IV, VII, IX, Xiv). Assignments III, V, VI, VIII, XI, XII, XIVText BI. Text InstructionI). Text AnalysisPart I (paras.1-2) Creative observation of our surroundings revives in us a sense of the wonder of life. However, children and adults see things in different waysPart II (paras3-5) The fast-paced life makes us unable to see the real world.Part III (paras6-8) When we see the world with innocent eyes as design artists see it, we become aware of the interaction between positive and negative aspects.Part IV(para. 9) When no preconceived ideas keep us from looking, we regain our sense of wonder.II). Language Points i). Key Words and Phrases 重点单词: perception minute thrill substitute flick disregard silhouette frame重点词组: in detail build up in depth be pervaded by be hungry for 重点单词1. perception - n. process by which we become aware of changes 感觉,知觉She has a keen perception of color. 她对颜色有着敏锐的感觉.2. minute - a. very small in size or amount; very accurate or precise 详细的,细微的The detective studied the fingerprints in the minutest detail. 那侦探仔细的研究了各个指纹.3. thrill - n. excited feeling passing like a wave along the nerve激动With a thrill, I realized that I had won. 意识到我获胜了,我心中一阵激动.4.substitute - vt. person or thing taking the place of, acting for or serving for another 用替代We must substitute a new chair for the broken one. 我们得用一把新椅子换掉这把旧的.5.flick - vt. quick light blow, eg with a whip or the tip of a finger 轻轻的移动.He flicked the light switch. 他轻按电灯的开关.6.disregard - vt. pay no attention to, show no respect for 忽视, 不理会He completely disregard my point of view.他完全不理会我的观点.7.silhouette - v. show, exhibit in outline使某物现出轮廓She stood in front of the window, silhouetted against the dawn sky. 她站在窗前, 晨空衬托出她的轮廓.8.frame - v. put together, shape, build up 构建The law was framed to protect the freedom of speech. 制定这个法令是为了保护言论自由.重点词组1.in detail give the facts, item by item 详细的We planned the entire project in great detail. 我们对整个项目做了详尽的计划.2.build up - acquire of increase gradually 逐步发展,逐步增加Dust is building up on top of the refrigerator. 冰箱顶上积起了灰.3.in depth thoroughly 详细的We are to study this subject in depth. 我们打算深入的研究这一科目.4.be pervaded by spread through every part of 弥漫着, 渗透着Her work is pervaded by nostalgia for a past age. 她的作品充满着怀旧之情.5.be hungry for be eager for 渴望得到He is hungry for his release from the prison. 他一直渴望着能早日从监狱里出来. ii). Difficult Sentences1. Touch by touch we built up our store of tactile impressions, keenly sensed in minute details.(L.4)释义Slowly we begin to remember a lot about how various things felt, even with a keen sense of their precise details.译文 通过一次又一次的触摸，我们建立了大量细致入微的触觉印象。分析keenly sensed in minute detail 修饰 tactile impressionsbuild up: acquire or increase gradually 逐步发展，逐步增加例：Dust is building up on top of the refrigerator.minute: a. very small in size or amount; very accurate or precise详细的，细微的2. All thats happened is that we have substituted identifying and labeling, which can be done very rapidly, for the tactile sort of feel-seeing that requires much more time and concentration.(L.22)释义The problem is that we have given up the way that children learn about things through the senses of touch and vision, which is slow and painstaking , for the way of learning things by generalizing and classifying their common or specific features, which is time-saving.译文 所发生的是我们用能迅速完成的辨认与归类替代了需要更长时间和更多注意力的那种触觉类的感知。分析 substitute A for B: use A instead of B用A代替B例：We must substitute a new chair for the broken one.3Trees are not silhouetted against blank air, but hold blue patterns between their leaves while the branches frame living shapes of sky.(L.62) 释义The leaves normally make up positive space, while the openi